Terminal

Avevo deciso di imparare qualche comando per il terminale, data la frustrazione continua di dover fare click infiniti per eseguire azioni basilari, come creare un file .txt tramite la GUI.

Per la base ho scelto di utilizzare una delle tante cheat sheet disponibili sul web, ma l'ho modificata un po' per soddisfare le mie esigenze.

Shortcuts

(indice)

Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on.

This also works for most text input fields system wide. Netbeans being one exception

⌃ + A

Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on.

This also works for most text input fields system wide. Netbeans being one exception

⌃ + E

Clears the Screen

⌃ + L

Clears the Screen

⌘ + K

Cut everything backwards to beginning of line

⌃ + U

Cut everything forward to end of line

⌃ + K

Cut one word backwards using white space as delimiter

⌃ + W

Paste whatever was cut by the last cut command

⌃ + Y

Same as backspace

⌃ + H

Kill whatever you are running. Also clears everything on current line

⌃ + C

Exit the current shell when no process is running, or send EOF to a the running process

⌃ + D

Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it

⌃ + Z

Undo the last command.

(Underscore. So it's actually Ctrl + Shift + minus)

⌃ + _

Swap the last two characters before the cursor

⌃ + T

Move cursor one character forward

⌃ + F

Move cursor one character backward

⌃ + B

Move cursor one word forward

⌥ + →

Move cursor one word backward

⌥ + ←

Swap the last two words before the cursor

⎋ + T

Cut one word backwards using none alphabetic characters as delimiters

⎋ + ⌫

Auto-complete files and folder names

⇥

Core commands

(indice)

Change directory e.g. `cd Documents`

cd [folder] change directory

Home directory

`cd`	change directory

Home directory

cd ~ change directory

Root of drive

cd / change directory

Previous directory

cd - change directory

Short listing

ls

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls
GitHub				Scripts
Other
School
Screenshots

Long listing

ls -l

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x@  33 Plumkewe  staff  1056 Aug 22 01:59 GitHub
drwxr-xr-x  199 Plumkewe  staff  6368 Aug 22 00:23 Other
drwxr-xr-x   10 Plumkewe  staff   320 Jul 30 00:12 School
drwxr-xr-x@  86 Plumkewe  staff  2752 Aug 19 13:37 Screenshots
drwxr-xr-x    8 Plumkewe  staff   256 Aug 22 02:40 Scripts

Listing incl. hidden files

ls -a

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls -a
.		.DS_Store	.localized	Other		Screenshots
..		.idea		GitHub		School		Scripts

Long listing with Human readable file sizes

ls -lh

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls -lh
total 0
drwxr-xr-x@  33 Plumkewe  staff   1.0K Aug 22 01:59 GitHub
drwxr-xr-x  199 Plumkewe  staff   6.2K Aug 22 00:23 Other
drwxr-xr-x   10 Plumkewe  staff   320B Jul 30 00:12 School
drwxr-xr-x@  86 Plumkewe  staff   2.7K Aug 19 13:37 Screenshots
drwxr-xr-x    8 Plumkewe  staff   256B Aug 22 02:40 Scripts

Entire content of folder recursively

ls -R

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls -R GitHub Other School Screenshots Scripts

./GitHub: Kitsune-Translations ...

./GitHub/Kitsune-Translations: Localizations README.md ...

Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)

sudo [command] super user do

Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )

open [file] open

Displays active processes. Press q to quit

top

table of processes

Processes: 384 total, 2 running, 382 sleeping, 1423 threads 02:52:38 Load Avg: 1.79, 1.65, 1.69 CPU usage: 0.94% user, 1.53% sys, 97.51% idle SharedLibs: 224M resident, 45M data, 60M linkedit. MemRegions: 126075 total, 2045M resident, 76M private, 741M shared. PhysMem: 8162M used (2925M wired), 28M unused. VM: 6183G vsize, 2317M framework vsize, 53980655(0) swapins, 56295739(0) swapout Networks: packets: 12928380/15G in, 13852515/6460M out. Disks: 16802996/431G read, 35391275/428G written.

PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #WQ #PORT MEM PURG CMPRS PGRP 64950 top 1.9 00:01.42 1/1 0 26 4504K 0B 0B 64950

Opens the file using the nano editor

nano [file] Nano's ANOther editor

Opens the file using the vim editor

vim [file] Vi IMproved

Clears the screen

clear clear

Resets the terminal display

reset reset

Chaining commands

(indice)

Run command A and then B, regardless of success of A

[command-a]; [command-b]

Run command B if A succeeded

[command-a] && [command-b]

\ | [command-b] | Run command B if A failed

[command-a] || [command-b]

Run command A in background

[command-a] &

Piping commands

(indice)

[command-b] | Run command A and then pass the result to command B e.g ps auxwww \ | grep google

[command-a] | [command-b]

Command history

(indice)

Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items

history n

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ history 4
519  ls -R
520  top
521  nano readme.md
522  history 4

Interactively search through previously typed commands

⌃ + r

Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’

![value]

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ !to
touch readme.md

Print to the console the last command typed that starts with ‘value’

![value]:p

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ !t:p
touch readme.md

Execute the last command typed

`!!`	[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ !! touch readme.md

Print to the console the last command typed

!!:p

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ !!
touch readme.md

File management

(indice)

Create a new file

touch [file]

Full path to working directory

pwd

print working directory

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ pwd
/Users/Plumkewe/desktop

Current folder, e.g. `ls .`

`.`	[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls . GitHub School Scripts Other Screenshots readme.md

Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. `ls ..`

..

Long listing of parent directory

ls -l ..

list

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ ls ..
Applications					Public
Bootstrap Studio Backups		README.md
CLionProjects					WebstormProjects

Move 2 levels up

cd ../../ change directory

Concatenate to screen

cat concatenate

Remove a file, e.g. `rm data.tmp`

rm [file] remove

Remove with confirmation

rm -i [file]

remove

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ rm -i readme.md
remove readme.md? n/y

Remove a directory and contents

rm -r [dir] remove

Force removal without confirmation

rm -f [file] remove

Copy file to file

cp [file] [newfile] copy

Copy file to directory

cp [file] [dir] copy

Move/Rename, e.g. `mv file1.ad /tmp`

mv [file] [new filename]

move

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ mv CIA.txt novabb.txt

Copies file contents to clipboard

pbcopy < [file] pasteboard copy

Paste clipboard contents

pbpaste pasteboard paste

Paste clipboard contents into file, `pbpaste > paste-test.txt`

pbpaste > [file] pasteboard paste

Directory management

(indice)

Create new directory

mkdir [dir] make directory

Create nested directories

mkdir -p [dir]/[dir] make directory

Remove directory ( only operates on empty directories )

rmdir [dir] remove directory

Remove directory and contents

rm -R [dir] remove

Output file content delivered in screensize chunks

less [file]

Push output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten

[command] > [file]

Append output to existing file

[command] >> [file]

Tell command to read content from a file

[command] < [file]

Search

(indice)

Search for files, e.g. `find /Users -name "file.txt"`

find [dir] -name [search_pattern] find

Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. `grep "Tom" file.txt`

grep [search_pattern] [file] globally search a regular expression and print

Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern

grep -r [search_pattern] [dir] globally search a regular expression and print

Search for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern

grep -v [search_pattern] [file] globally search a regular expression and print

Search for all lines that contain the case-insensitive pattern

grep -i [search_pattern] [file] globally search a regular expression and print

Spotlight search for files (names, content, other metadata), e.g. `mdfind skateboard`

mdfind [search_pattern] metadata find

Spotlight search for files named like pattern in the given directory

mdfind -onlyin [dir] -name [pattern] metadata find

Help

(indice)

Offers help

[command] -h

help

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ cd --help
-bash: cd: --: invalid option
cd: usage: cd [-L|-P] [dir]

Offers help

[command] --help

help

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ cd --help
-bash: cd: --: invalid option
cd: usage: cd [-L|-P] [dir]

Offers help

info [command] information

Show the help manual for [command]

man [command] manual

Gives a one-line description of [command]

whatis [command]

what is

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ whatis grep
grep(1), egrep(1), fgrep(1), zgrep(1), zegrep(1), zfgrep(1) - file pattern searcher
grep(1), egrep(1), fgrep(1), rgrep(1), bzgrep(1), bzegrep(1), bzfgrep(1), zgrep(1), zegrep(1), zfgrep(1) - file pattern searcher
git-grep(1)              - Print lines matching a pattern

Searches for command with keywords in description

apropos [search-pattern]

[Plumkewe-MacBook:desktop Plumkewe$ apropos write
BIO_get_buffer_num_lines(3ssl), BIO_set_read_buffer_size(3ssl), BIO_set_write_buffer_size(3ssl), BIO_set_buffer_size(3ssl), ...

FilesExpand file tree

README.md

Latest commit

History

README.md

File metadata and controls

Terminal

Indice

Shortcuts

Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on.

Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on.

Clears the Screen

Clears the Screen

Cut everything backwards to beginning of line

Cut everything forward to end of line

Cut one word backwards using white space as delimiter

Paste whatever was cut by the last cut command

Same as backspace

Kill whatever you are running. Also clears everything on current line

Exit the current shell when no process is running, or send EOF to a the running process

Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it

Undo the last command.

Swap the last two characters before the cursor

Move cursor one character forward

Move cursor one character backward

Move cursor one word forward

Move cursor one word backward

Swap the last two words before the cursor

Cut one word backwards using none alphabetic characters as delimiters

Auto-complete files and folder names

Core commands

Change directory e.g. cd Documents

Home directory

Home directory

Root of drive

Previous directory

Short listing

Long listing

Listing incl. hidden files

Long listing with Human readable file sizes

Entire content of folder recursively

Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)

Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )

Displays active processes. Press q to quit

Opens the file using the nano editor

Opens the file using the vim editor

Clears the screen

Resets the terminal display

Chaining commands

Run command A and then B, regardless of success of A

Run command B if A succeeded

\ | [command-b] | Run command B if A failed

Run command A in background

Piping commands

[command-b] | Run command A and then pass the result to command B e.g ps auxwww \ | grep google

Command history

Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items

Interactively search through previously typed commands

Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’

Print to the console the last command typed that starts with ‘value’

Execute the last command typed

Print to the console the last command typed

File management

Create a new file

Full path to working directory

Current folder, e.g. ls .

Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. ls ..

Long listing of parent directory

Move 2 levels up

Concatenate to screen

Remove a file, e.g. rm data.tmp

Remove with confirmation

Remove a directory and contents

Force removal without confirmation

Copy file to file

Copy file to directory

Move/Rename, e.g. mv file1.ad /tmp

Copies file contents to clipboard

Paste clipboard contents

Paste clipboard contents into file, pbpaste > paste-test.txt

Change directory e.g. `cd Documents`

Current folder, e.g. `ls .`

Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. `ls ..`

Remove a file, e.g. `rm data.tmp`

Move/Rename, e.g. `mv file1.ad /tmp`

Paste clipboard contents into file, `pbpaste > paste-test.txt`

Search for files, e.g. `find /Users -name "file.txt"`

Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. `grep "Tom" file.txt`

Spotlight search for files (names, content, other metadata), e.g. `mdfind skateboard`