Increase ASAN short test timeout to address flaky tests #2895

Job	Run time
env-protect-setup	7s
authorize	2s
get-dev-image / get-image	9s
generate-matrix	2m 49s
clang-tidy	1m 11s
code-coverage	0s
build-and-test (Go race detector, nokvm, --config=go_race --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildable...	2m 50s
build-and-test (Clang opt + UI, nokvm, --config=clang --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildables_cl...	3m 5s
build-and-test (Clang debug, nokvm, --config=clang --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_clang...	2m 40s
build-and-test (ASAN, nokvm, --config=asan --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_sanitizer, ba...	4m 18s
build-and-test (TSAN, nokvm, --config=tsan --compilation_mode=dbg, bazel_buildables_sanitizer, ba...	2m 35s
build-and-test (GCC opt, nokvm, --config=gcc --compilation_mode=opt, bazel_buildables_gcc_opt, ba...	2m 33s
build-and-test-status	3s
	22m 22s

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