diff --git a/packages/graphql/src/lib/scalar-mappings.ts b/packages/graphql/src/lib/scalar-mappings.ts
index f4cf21cedaa..4f47b585c9b 100644
--- a/packages/graphql/src/lib/scalar-mappings.ts
+++ b/packages/graphql/src/lib/scalar-mappings.ts
@@ -157,6 +157,25 @@ export function isStdScalar(tk: Typekit, scalar: Scalar): boolean {
   return tk.scalar.getStdBase(scalar) === scalar;
 }
 
+/**
+ * TypeSpec std scalar names that map directly to GraphQL built-in scalar types:
+ * string → String, boolean → Boolean, int32 → Int, float32/float64 → Float.
+ *
+ * @see https://spec.graphql.org/September2025/#sec-Scalars.Built-in-Scalars
+ */
+const GRAPHQL_BUILTIN_SCALAR_NAMES = new Set([
+  "string", "boolean", "int32", "float32", "float64",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a scalar IS a GraphQL built-in type (String, Boolean, Int, Float).
+ * Uses identity-based check via typekit to avoid false positives from user-defined
+ * scalars that happen to share the same name in a different namespace.
+ */
+export function isGraphQLBuiltinScalar(tk: Typekit, scalar: Scalar): boolean {
+  return isStdScalar(tk, scalar) && GRAPHQL_BUILTIN_SCALAR_NAMES.has(scalar.name);
+}
+
 /**
  * Get the GraphQL custom scalar mapping for a scalar via its standard library ancestor.
  *
diff --git a/packages/graphql/src/mutation-engine/mutations/scalar.ts b/packages/graphql/src/mutation-engine/mutations/scalar.ts
index 57661b8fc2d..f82e42a8db6 100644
--- a/packages/graphql/src/mutation-engine/mutations/scalar.ts
+++ b/packages/graphql/src/mutation-engine/mutations/scalar.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
   type SimpleMutations,
 } from "@typespec/mutator-framework";
 import { reportDiagnostic } from "../../lib.js";
-import { getScalarMapping, isStdScalar } from "../../lib/scalar-mappings.js";
+import { getScalarMapping, isGraphQLBuiltinScalar, isStdScalar } from "../../lib/scalar-mappings.js";
 import { getSpecifiedBy, setSpecifiedByUrl } from "../../lib/specified-by.js";
 import { sanitizeNameForGraphQL } from "../../lib/type-utils.js";
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export class GraphQLScalarMutation extends SimpleScalarMutation<SimpleMutationOp
         scalar.name = "ID";
         scalar.baseScalar = undefined;
       });
-    } else if (mapping && isDirectStd) {
+    } else if (mapping && isDirectStd && !isGraphQLBuiltinScalar(tk, this.sourceType)) {
       // Std library scalar that maps to a custom GraphQL scalar (e.g. int64 → Long)
       this.mutationNode.mutate((scalar) => {
         scalar.name = mapping.graphqlName;
diff --git a/packages/graphql/test/mutation-engine/graphql-mutation-engine.test.ts b/packages/graphql/test/mutation-engine/graphql-mutation-engine.test.ts
index ff2859e7a3d..070a433115c 100644
--- a/packages/graphql/test/mutation-engine/graphql-mutation-engine.test.ts
+++ b/packages/graphql/test/mutation-engine/graphql-mutation-engine.test.ts
@@ -326,6 +326,60 @@ describe("GraphQL Mutation Engine - Scalars", () => {
     expect(mutation.mutatedType.name).toBe("ID");
   });
 
+  it("does not rename builtin std scalars even when they inherit a mapping", async () => {
+    // float32 inherits a mapping via float → numeric → "Numeric", but it's a
+    // GraphQL builtin (maps to Float) and must never be renamed.
+    const { M } = await tester.compile(
+      t.code`model ${t.model("M")} { value: float32; }`,
+    );
+
+    const engine = createTestEngine(tester.program);
+    const float32Scalar = M.properties.get("value")!.type;
+    expect(float32Scalar.kind).toBe("Scalar");
+    const mutation = engine.mutateScalar(float32Scalar as any);
+
+    expect(mutation.mutatedType.name).toBe("float32");
+  });
+
+  it("does not rename float64 builtin scalar", async () => {
+    const { M } = await tester.compile(
+      t.code`model ${t.model("M")} { value: float64; }`,
+    );
+
+    const engine = createTestEngine(tester.program);
+    const float64Scalar = M.properties.get("value")!.type;
+    expect(float64Scalar.kind).toBe("Scalar");
+    const mutation = engine.mutateScalar(float64Scalar as any);
+
+    expect(mutation.mutatedType.name).toBe("float64");
+  });
+
+  it("does not rename int32 builtin scalar", async () => {
+    const { M } = await tester.compile(
+      t.code`model ${t.model("M")} { count: int32; }`,
+    );
+
+    const engine = createTestEngine(tester.program);
+    const int32Scalar = M.properties.get("count")!.type;
+    expect(int32Scalar.kind).toBe("Scalar");
+    const mutation = engine.mutateScalar(int32Scalar as any);
+
+    expect(mutation.mutatedType.name).toBe("int32");
+  });
+
+  it("still renames mapped non-builtin std scalars like int64", async () => {
+    const { M } = await tester.compile(
+      t.code`model ${t.model("M")} { big: int64; }`,
+    );
+
+    const engine = createTestEngine(tester.program);
+    const int64Scalar = M.properties.get("big")!.type;
+    expect(int64Scalar.kind).toBe("Scalar");
+    const mutation = engine.mutateScalar(int64Scalar as any);
+
+    expect(mutation.mutatedType.name).toBe("Long");
+  });
+
   it("warns when user-defined scalar collides with GraphQL built-in name", async () => {
     const { Float } = await tester.compile(
       t.code`scalar ${t.scalar("Float")} extends string;`,