diff --git a/identity.go b/identity.go
index 884a49f..18a62cb 100644
--- a/identity.go
+++ b/identity.go
@@ -152,6 +152,17 @@ func (s *Server) GetIdentityWebhookURL() string {
 	return s.identity.GetWebhookURL()
 }
 
+// SetIdentityWebhookSecret sets the HMAC-SHA256 pre-shared secret for
+// identity webhook request/response signing (PILOT-240).
+func (s *Server) SetIdentityWebhookSecret(secret string) {
+	s.identity.SetIdentityWebhookSecret(secret)
+}
+
+// GetIdentityWebhookSecret returns the current identity webhook HMAC secret.
+func (s *Server) GetIdentityWebhookSecret() string {
+	return s.identity.GetIdentityWebhookSecret()
+}
+
 func (s *Server) provisionCallbacks() identpkg.ProvisionCallbacks {
 	return identpkg.ProvisionCallbacks{
 		FindOrCreateNetwork:     s.findOrCreateNetwork,
diff --git a/identity/identity.go b/identity/identity.go
index 74aa8f2..2995ebb 100644
--- a/identity/identity.go
+++ b/identity/identity.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rsa"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -141,9 +142,10 @@ type Store struct {
 	nodes NodeView
 	cb    Callbacks
 
-	mu                 sync.RWMutex
-	identityWebhookURL string
-	idpConfig          *BlueprintIdentityProvider
+	mu                  sync.RWMutex
+	identityWebhookURL  string
+	identityWebhookSecret string
+	idpConfig           *BlueprintIdentityProvider
 
 	jwksCache *JWKSCache
 }
@@ -179,11 +181,34 @@ func (st *Store) GetWebhookURL() string {
 	return st.identityWebhookURL
 }
 
+// SetIdentityWebhookSecret sets the HMAC-SHA256 pre-shared secret for
+// identity webhook request/response signing (PILOT-240). When non-empty,
+// VerifyToken signs outbound requests and verifies response signatures.
+func (st *Store) SetIdentityWebhookSecret(secret string) {
+	st.mu.Lock()
+	st.identityWebhookSecret = secret
+	st.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// GetIdentityWebhookSecret returns the currently configured identity
+// webhook HMAC secret.
+func (st *Store) GetIdentityWebhookSecret() string {
+	st.mu.RLock()
+	defer st.mu.RUnlock()
+	return st.identityWebhookSecret
+}
+
 // VerifyToken sends the token to the configured identity webhook and returns
 // the verified external ID. Returns ("", nil) if no webhook is configured.
+//
+// When a webhook secret is configured, outbound requests carry an
+// X-Pilot-Signature-256 HMAC-SHA256 header, and the response MUST include
+// a matching X-Pilot-Signature-256 header — unsigned responses are rejected
+// (PILOT-240).
 func (st *Store) VerifyToken(token string) (string, error) {
 	st.mu.RLock()
 	url := st.identityWebhookURL
+	secret := st.identityWebhookSecret
 	st.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if url == "" {
@@ -198,7 +223,21 @@ func (st *Store) VerifyToken(token string) (string, error) {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal identity request: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	resp, err := sharedHTTPClient.Post(url, "application/json", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("build identity request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	// HMAC-SHA256 request signing (PILOT-240): when a secret is configured,
+	// sign the request body so the webhook can verify the caller.
+	if secret != "" {
+		reqMac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
+		reqMac.Write(body)
+		req.Header.Set("X-Pilot-Signature-256", hex.EncodeToString(reqMac.Sum(nil)))
+	}
+
+	resp, err := sharedHTTPClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Warn("identity webhook request failed", "error", err)
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("identity verification failed: %w", err)
@@ -214,6 +253,23 @@ func (st *Store) VerifyToken(token string) (string, error) {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("read identity response: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// HMAC-SHA256 response verification (PILOT-240): when a secret is
+	// configured, the response MUST carry a valid X-Pilot-Signature-256
+	// header. Unsigned or mis-signed responses are rejected to prevent
+	// webhook-spoofing attacks.
+	if secret != "" {
+		respSig := resp.Header.Get("X-Pilot-Signature-256")
+		if respSig == "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("identity webhook response missing X-Pilot-Signature-256 header")
+		}
+		respMac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
+		respMac.Write(respBody)
+		expected := hex.EncodeToString(respMac.Sum(nil))
+		if !hmac.Equal([]byte(respSig), []byte(expected)) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("identity webhook response signature mismatch")
+		}
+	}
+
 	var result identityVerifyResponse
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &result); err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse identity response: %w", err)
diff --git a/identity/zz_store_test.go b/identity/zz_store_test.go
index 27da633..49eb8e6 100644
--- a/identity/zz_store_test.go
+++ b/identity/zz_store_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 package identity
 
 import (
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -278,3 +281,122 @@ func TestJsonUint32_Helper(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("non-float: got %d", got)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestStore_SetIdentityWebhookSecret_GetRoundtrip (PILOT-240).
+func TestStore_SetIdentityWebhookSecret_GetRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	st := newTestStore()
+	if got := st.GetIdentityWebhookSecret(); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("initial = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret("my-secret")
+	if got := st.GetIdentityWebhookSecret(); got != "my-secret" {
+		t.Errorf("after Set = %q", got)
+	}
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret("")
+	if got := st.GetIdentityWebhookSecret(); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("after clear = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStore_VerifyToken_SignsRequest (PILOT-240).
+func TestStore_VerifyToken_SignsRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const secret = "my-secret"
+	var gotSig string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotSig = r.Header.Get("X-Pilot-Signature-256")
+		respBody := []byte(`{"verified":true,"external_id":"user-42"}`)
+		mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
+		mac.Write(respBody)
+		w.Header().Set("X-Pilot-Signature-256", hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil)))
+		w.Write(respBody)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	st := newTestStore()
+	st.SetWebhookURL(srv.URL)
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret(secret)
+
+	got, err := st.VerifyToken("my-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("VerifyToken: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "user-42" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want user-42", got)
+	}
+	if gotSig == "" {
+		t.Fatal("X-Pilot-Signature-256 request header not set")
+	}
+	expectedBody, _ := json.Marshal(identityVerifyRequest{Token: "my-token"})
+	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
+	mac.Write(expectedBody)
+	want := hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
+	if !hmac.Equal([]byte(gotSig), []byte(want)) {
+		t.Errorf("request HMAC mismatch: got %s, want %s", gotSig, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStore_VerifyToken_RejectsUnsignedResponse (PILOT-240).
+func TestStore_VerifyToken_RejectsUnsignedResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"verified":true,"external_id":"user-42"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	st := newTestStore()
+	st.SetWebhookURL(srv.URL)
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret("my-secret")
+	if _, err := st.VerifyToken("my-token"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected rejection when response is unsigned")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStore_VerifyToken_RejectsWrongSignature (PILOT-240).
+func TestStore_VerifyToken_RejectsWrongSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		respBody := []byte(`{"verified":true,"external_id":"user-42"}`)
+		w.Header().Set("X-Pilot-Signature-256", "deadbeef")
+		w.Write(respBody)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	st := newTestStore()
+	st.SetWebhookURL(srv.URL)
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret("my-secret")
+	if _, err := st.VerifyToken("my-token"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected rejection when response signature mismatches")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStore_VerifyToken_NoSignatureWithoutSecret (PILOT-240): backward compat.
+func TestStore_VerifyToken_NoSignatureWithoutSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	var gotSig string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotSig = r.Header.Get("X-Pilot-Signature-256")
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"verified":true,"external_id":"user-42"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	st := newTestStore()
+	st.SetWebhookURL(srv.URL)
+	got, err := st.VerifyToken("my-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("VerifyToken: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "user-42" || gotSig != "" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q sig=%q, want user-42 sig empty", got, gotSig)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStore_VerifyToken_WithSecret_EmptyTokenShortCircuits (PILOT-240).
+func TestStore_VerifyToken_WithSecret_EmptyTokenShortCircuits(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	st := newTestStore()
+	st.SetWebhookURL("https://idp/verify")
+	st.SetIdentityWebhookSecret("my-secret")
+	got, err := st.VerifyToken("")
+	if err != nil || got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("empty token with secret: got (%q, %v)", got, err)
+	}
+}