diff --git a/first-order-odes/separable.md b/first-order-odes/separable.md index 24f2cd7ff..851822192 100644 --- a/first-order-odes/separable.md +++ b/first-order-odes/separable.md @@ -175,3 +175,95 @@ t &= 2 \left(\frac{1}{0.01}\right)^2 \sqrt{\frac{2}{2 \cdot 9.8}} = 6400 This time is in seconds because all units are SI, so the tank drains in about 1.8 hours. ```` + +## Skill builder problems + +Solve the following: + +1. $y'+(x+2)y^2 = 0, \quad y(1) = 1$ + + ```{solution} + Separate and integrate: + + \begin{align} + \dd{}{y}{x} &= -(x+2)y^2 \\ + \int\frac{\d{y}}{y^2} &= -\int (x+2) \d{x} \\ + -\frac{1}{y} &= -\left(\frac{x^2}{2} + 2x\right) + c + \end{align} + + Apply initial condition $y(1) = 1$: + + \begin{equation} + -1 = -\left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \right) + c + \end{equation} + + so $c = 3/2$. Hence, + + \begin{equation} + y = \frac{2}{x^2+4x-3} + \end{equation} + ``` + +2. $yy'+4x = 0, \quad y(0) = 3$ + + ```{solution} + Separate and integrate: + + \begin{align} + y \frac{dy}{dx} &= -4x \\ + \int y \d{y} &= \int-4x \d{x} \\ + -\frac{y^2}{2} &= -2x^2 + c \\ + \end{align} + + Apply initial condition $y(0) = 3$: + + \begin{equation} + -\frac{9}{2} = c + \end{equation} + + so + + \begin{align} + y^2 &= 9-4x^2 \\ + y &= \pm \sqrt{9-4x^2} + \end{align} + + The negative root does not satisfy the initial condition, so choose the + positive root: + + \begin{equation} + y = \sqrt{9-4x^2} + \end{equation} + ``` + +3. $\displaystyle y' = \frac{x-1}{y}e^{-y^2}, \quad y(0) = 1$ + + ```{solution} + Separate and integrate: + + \begin{align} + \int y e^{y^2} \d{y} &= \int (x-1) \d{x} \\ + \frac{1}{2} e^{y^2} &= \frac{x^2}{2} - x + c + \end{align} + + Apply initial condition $y(0) = 1$: + + \begin{equation} + \frac{1}{2} e = c + \end{equation} + + Hence, + + \begin{align} + e^{y^2} &= x^2 - 2x + e \\ + y^2 &= \ln(x^2 - 2x + e) \\ + y &= \pm \sqrt{\ln(x^2 - 2x + e)} + \end{align} + + The negative root again does not meet the initial condition, so choose the + positive one: + + \begin{equation} + y = \sqrt{\ln(x^2 - 2x + e)} + \end{equation} + ```