Process exits on VS Code download failure, subverting retry logic

[minestarks]

Backgroud: #175, #175 (comment) , and #176

@aeschli I'm not sure this bug was entirely fixed, since we started hitting download issues again. I think the retry logic is not kicking in because the process itself crashes due to an uncaught error.

I suspect the same issue was already fixed in vscode-test by @connor4312 : microsoft/vscode-test#152 . I'm hoping it's just a matter of applying the same fix here

Logs from an example failure in our build (source here):

    at process.processTimers (node:internal/timers:523:7)
Emitted 'error' event on ClientRequest instance at:
    at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:107:11)
    at TLSSocket.socketErrorListener (node:_http_client:574:5)
    at TLSSocket.emit (node:events:519:28)
    at emitErrorNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:170:8)
    at emitErrorCloseNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:129:3)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:90:21) {
  code: 'ETIMEDOUT',
  [errors]: [
    Error: connect ETIMEDOUT 150.171.109.149:443
        at createConnectionError (node:net:1678:14)
        at Timeout.internalConnectMultipleTimeout (node:net:1737:38)
        at listOnTimeout (node:internal/timers:590:11)
        at process.processTimers (node:internal/timers:523:7) {
      errno: -110,
      code: 'ETIMEDOUT',
      syscall: 'connect',
      address: '150.171.109.149',
      port: 443
    },
    Error: connect ENETUNREACH 2603:1061:14:94::1:443 - Local (:::0)
        at internalConnectMultiple (node:net:1206:16)
        at Timeout.internalConnectMultipleTimeout (node:net:1742:5)
        at listOnTimeout (node:internal/timers:590:11)
        at process.processTimers (node:internal/timers:523:7) {
      errno: -101,
      code: 'ENETUNREACH',
      syscall: 'connect',
      address: '2603:1061:14:94::1',
      port: 443
    }
  ]
}

Node.js v22.21.1
npm error Lifecycle script `test` failed with error:
npm error code 1
npm error path /mnt/vss/_work/1/s/source/vscode
npm error workspace qsharp-lang-vscode-dev@1.26.42
npm error location /mnt/vss/_work/1/s/source/vscode
npm error command failed
npm error command sh -c node ./test/runTests.mjs -- 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/vss/_work/1/s/build.py", line 668, in <module>
    subprocess.run(vscode_args, check=True, text=True, cwd=vscode_src)
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.11.14/x64/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['npm', 'test']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

[minestarks]

proposed fix at #201