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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>Web development 101</title>
<meta content='yes' name='apple-mobile-web-app-capable'>
<meta content='black-translucent' name='apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style'>
<meta content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui' name='viewport'>
<link href='css/reveal.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<link href='css/theme/blood.css' id='theme' rel='stylesheet'>
<link href='css/custom.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<!-- Code syntax highlighting -->
<link href='lib/css/tomorrow-night-bright.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<link href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.7.2/css/all.min.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class='reveal'>
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class='slides'>
<section>
<h2>Web development <span class="red">101</span></h2>
</section>
<section>
<img height='300' src='pictures/henning.jpg'>
<p>
<b>Henning Koch</b>
<br>
Head of Development at
<a href='https://makandra.de/'>makandra</a>
<br>
<a href='https://twitter.com/triskweline'>@triskweline</a>
<span class='subtle'>
<i class='fa-brands fa-x-twitter'></i>
<i class='fa-brands fa-github'></i>
<i class='fa-brands fa-linkedin'></i>
<i class='fa-brands fa-bluesky'></i>
</span>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Web applications?</h2>
</section>
<section>
<img src='pictures/example_gmail.jpg' style='max-height: 600px'>
</section>
<section>
<img src='pictures/example_spreadsheets.png' style='max-width: 100%'>
</section>
<section>
<img src='pictures/example_slack.png' style='max-width: 100%'>
</section>
<section>
<img src='pictures/example_airbnb.png' style='max-width: 100%'>
</section>
<section>
<img src='pictures/example_spotify.png' style='max-width: 100%'>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Native apps <span class="red">vs.</span> web apps</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Native applications</h2>
<p>
Entire app runs on a single computer
</p>
<p>
Entire app is (often) written in a single language
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
Popular languages: Java, C#, C++, Objective-C
</span>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Web applications
</h2>
<p>
Application runs on multiple computers
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
Typical: One server, many clients (= web browsers)
</span>
</p>
<p>
Client and server run different parts of the application
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
and they communicate over HTTP
</span>
</p>
<p>
Application is written in a "stack" of many technologies
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
Typical stack: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Ruby/Node/Java/C#, SQL
</span>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<table>
<tr>
<th>
Language
</th>
<th>
Purpose
</th>
<th>
Runs where?
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HTML
</td>
<td>
Content
</td>
<td>
Client
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
CSS
</td>
<td>
Layout & Design
</td>
<td>
Client
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
JavaScript
</td>
<td>
Client-side interaction
</td>
<td>
Client
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
HTTP
</td>
<td>
Client/server communication
</td>
<td>Client/server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Ruby/Node/Java/C#
</td>
<td>
Controller & Model
</td>
<td>
Server
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SQL
</td>
<td>
Database access
</td>
<td>
Server
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>In 2026 web apps are the dominant form of user-facing applications</h2>
<ul class='fragment'>
<li>
Can be used from any device with a web browser
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
(Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS, ...)
</span>
</li>
<li>
No installation
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
Web browser streams a fresh copy every time
you visit a website
</span>
</li>
<li>Is always the latest version</li>
<li>Inherently multi-user</li>
<li>
Gets better every year (vs. native apps)
<div class='subtle'>
File access, offline, audio processing, 3D graphics, USB devices...
</div>
</li>
<li class='fragment red'>
Weirdly, native apps are increasingly built using web technology
<div class='subtle'>
(Electron, Tauri)
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Today</h2>
<ul>
<li>Delivering content with HTML & HTTP</li>
<li>Styling with CSS</li>
<li style='color: #ee9955'>Short break</li>
<li>Server-side web apps</li>
<li>Interactivity with JavaScript</li>
<li>
Single-page apps
<span class='subtle'>(maybe)</span>
</li>
<li style='color: #ee9955'>Discussion / end</li>
</ul>
<br>
<br>
<h4>
Slides and code examples
<span class='subtle'>
(pace will be fast!)
</span>
</h4>
<p>
<a href='http://webdev101.makandra.de'>http://webdev101.makandra.de<br></a>
<a href='https://github.com/makandra/webdev101'>https://github.com/makandra/webdev101</a>
</p>
</section>
<section data-background-color='var(--color-galaxy)'>
<div class='s'>
<h2>
HTML<br />
<span class='subtle'>Hypertext Markup Language</span>
</h2>
<h2>
HTTP<br />
<span class='subtle'>Hypertext Transfer Protocol</span>
</h2>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>HTML</h2>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><html>
 <body>
 <h1>Hi there!</h1>
 <p>Look at this image:</p>
 <img src="image.jpg">
 </body>
</html></code></pre>
<p class='fragment'>
<a href='examples/1010_request_response/' target='_blank'>View example</a>
<br>
<span class='subtle'>
(use the inspector)
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class='column'>
<img src='pictures/screenshot_request_response.png' width='400'>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>HTTP</h2>
<p>
User enters into her browser's address bar:
</p>
<pre><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>http://makandra.com/page.html
</code></pre>
<p>
What happens?
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
Browser asks server:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>GET /page.html HTTP/1.1 # I want the file /page.html
Host: makandra.com # I want it from makandra.com
Accept: text/html, text/plain # I understand HTML and plain text
</code></pre>
<p class='fragment'>
Server looks for a local file <code>page.html</code> and replies:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>HTTP/1.1 200 OK # I found what you wanted
Content-Length: 114 # What you want has 114 bytes
Content-Type: text/html # And it's in HTML format
 # Here it comes:
<html>
 <body>
 <h1>Hi there!</h1>
 <p>Look at this image:</p>
 <img src="image.jpg">
 </body>
</html>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p>
The browser parses the HTML and encounters this tag:
</p>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><img src="image.jpg">
</code></pre>
<p>
What happens?
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
Browser asks server:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>GET /image.jpg HTTP/1.1 # I want the file /image.jpg
Host: makandra.com # I want it from makandra.com
Accept: image/jpeg, image/png # I understand JPEG and PNG
</code></pre>
<p class='fragment'>
Server looks for a local file <code>image.jpg</code> and replies:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>HTTP/1.1 200 OK # I found what you wanted
Content-Length: 67840 # What you want has 66 KB
Content-Type: image/jpeg # And it's in JPEG format
 # Here it comes:
FF D8 FF E0 00 10 4A 46
49 46 00 01 01 01 00 48
00 48 00 00 FF E1 1C 13
45 78 69 66 00 00 49 49
2A 00 08 00 00 00 0D 00
0F 01 02 00 06 00 00 00
...

</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>HTML</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='examples/1015_more_tags' target='_blank'>More tags and hyperlinks</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='examples/1030_form/page.html' target='_blank'>Form controls</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='examples/1020_video' target='_blank'>Video & fallbacks</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='examples/1025_table/page.html' target='_blank'>Table</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='examples/1032_custom_element/page.html' target='_blank'>Custom elements</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section data-background-color='var(--color-galaxy)'>
<h2>
CSS<br />
<span class='subtle'>Cascading Style Sheets</span>
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<h2>HTML</h2>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><html>
 <body>
 <h1>About Capybaras</h1>
 <p>
 The capybara is the
 <b>largest</b> rodent
 in the world.
 </p>
 </body>
</html>
 
 
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='column fragment'>
<h2>Browser</h2>
<img height='300' src='pictures/screenshot_simple_css.png'>
</div>
</div>
<p class='center' style='visibility: hidden'>
<a href='examples/1045_simple_css/page.html' target='_blank'>View both together</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<h2>HTML</h2>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><html>
 <body>
 <h1>About Capybaras</h1>
 <p>
 The capybara is the
 <b>largest</b> rodent
 in the world.
 </p>
 </body>
</html>
 
 
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='column'>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>body {
 font-family: 'Arial';
}

h1 {
 text-transform: uppercase;
 font-style: italic;
}

b {
 background-color: #ff9900;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p class='center fragment'>
<a href='examples/1045_simple_css/page.html' target='_blank'>View both together</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Colors in CSS</h2>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #ff0000'><code>#ff0000</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #00ff00'><code>#00ff00</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #0000ff'><code>#0000ff</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #ffff00'><code>#ffff00</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #ffffff'><code>#ffffff</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #000000'><code style="background-color: #444444">#000000</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #ff9900'><code>#ff9900</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #4488bb'><code>#4488bb</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #9900ff'><code>#9900ff</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #777777'><code>#777777</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #22aa88'><code>#22aa88</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: #885555'><code>#885555</code></div>
</div>
<div class='column'>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: red'><code>red</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: yellow'><code>yellow</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: fuchsia'><code>fuchsia</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: rebeccapurple'><code>rebeccapurple</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255 0 0 / 100%)'><code>rgb(255 0 0 / 100%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255 0 0 / 50%)'><code>rgb(255 0 0 / 50%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255 0 0 / 25%)'><code>rgb(255 0 0 / 25%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: hsl(0 100% 50%)'><code>hsl(0 100% 50%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: hsl(30 100% 50%)'><code>hsl(30 100% 50%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: hsl(30 50% 50%)'><code>hsl(30 50% 50%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: hsl(30 50% 70%)'><code>hsl(30 50% 70%)</code></div>
<div style='font-weight: bold; color: oklch(62.8% 0.2577 29.23)'><code>oklch(62.8% 0.2577 29.23)</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
How to link HTML and CSS
<span class='subtle'>(1)</span>
</h2>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><html>
 <head>
 <style>
 h1 {
 color: #ff0000;
 }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 ...
 </body>
</html>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
How to link HTML and CSS
<span class='subtle'>(2)</span>
</h2>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><html>
 <head>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">




 </head>
 <body>
 ...
 </body>
</html>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p>
The browser parses the HTML and encounters this tag:
</p>
<pre><code class='html' data-trim><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</code></pre>
<p>
What happens?
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
Browser asks server:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>GET /styles.css HTTP/1.1 # I want the file /styles.css
Host: makandra.com # I know you as makandra.com
Accept: text/css # I understand the CSS format
</code></pre>
<p class='fragment'>
Server looks for a local file <code>styles.css</code> and replies:
</p>
<pre class='xs fragment'><code class='nohighlight' data-trim>HTTP/1.1 200 OK # I found what you wanted
Content-Length: 182 # What you want has 182 bytes
Content-Type: text/css # And it's in CSS format
 # Here it comes:
body {
 font-family: 'Arial';
}

h1 {
 text-transform: uppercase;
 font-style: italic;
}

...
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<a href='https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/network/'>DevTools Network Tab</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>An advanced CSS example</h2>
<img height='150' src='pictures/screenshot_pretty_button.png'>
<p>
<a href='examples/1050_css_button/page.html' target='_blank'>View example</a>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<div class='subtle'>(Time check 25%)</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Selectors</h2>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>body {
 font-family: 'Arial';
}

h1 {
 text-transform: uppercase;
 font-style: italic;
}

b {
 background-color: #ff0000;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Selectors</h2>
<pre><code class='css' data-noescape data-trim><em>body</em> {
 font-family: 'Arial';
}

<em>h1</em> {
 text-transform: uppercase;
 font-style: italic;
}

<em>b</em> {
 background-color: #ff0000;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2> </h2>
<div>
<code class='html' data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>h1 { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<em>
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
</em>
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>p { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<em>
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p>
</em></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>p.introduction { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<em>
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
</em>
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>p:last-child { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<em>
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p>
</em></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>h1, p:last-child { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<em>
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
</em>
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<em>
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p>
</em></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>b { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <em><b>rodent</b></em><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<em><b>Hydrochoerinae</b></em> along with ...<br />
</p></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>p.introduction b { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <em><b>rodent</b></em><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<code>p:has(i) { ... }</code>
</h2>
<div>
<code data-trim><br />
<h1>About Capybaras</h1><br />
<br />
<p class="introduction"><br />
The <span class="foo">capybara</span> is the largest <b>rodent</b><br />
in the world.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<em><p><br />
The <i>capybara</i> belongs to the subfamily<br />
<b>Hydrochoerinae</b> along with ...<br />
</p></em></code>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sizes in CSS</h2>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<div class='fragment'>
<h4>Absolute pixels</h4>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 width: 100px;
}</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='fragment'>
<h4>Relative to font size</h4>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 width: 20em;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class='column'>
<div class='fragment'>
<h4>Percentage of container</h4>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 width: 50%;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='fragment'>
<h4>Expression</h4>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 width: calc(50% + 15px);
}
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Shorthand properties</h2>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column'>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 padding-top: 10px;
 padding-right: 20px;
 padding-bottom: 10px;
 padding-left: 20px;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='column fragment'>
<pre><code class='css' data-trim>.card {
 padding: 10px 20px;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Custom properties <span class="subtle">(variables)</span></h2>
<div class='columns'>
<div class='column' style='width: 45%'>
<pre class='xs'><code class='css' data-trim>a {
 color: #ff2200;
}

.card {
 border-style: solid;
 border-width: 2px;
 border-color: #ff2200;
}
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class='column fragment' style='width: 55%'>
<pre class='xs'><code class='css' data-trim>html {
 --accent: #ff2200;
}

a {
 color: var(--accent);
}

.card {
 border-style: solid;
 border-width: 2px;
 border-color: var(--accent);
}

</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Layout with Flexbox
</h2>
<img height='300' src='pictures/screenshot_layout.png'>
<p>
<a href='examples/1071_layout_with_flexbox' target='_blank'>View example</a>
</p>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Block elements stack</h2>
<pre><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: block; /* default */
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Flexbox children are columns</h2>
<pre><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>justify-content</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 justify-content: flex-start; /* default */
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>justify-content</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 justify-content: flex-end;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>justify-content</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 justify-content: space-between;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>justify-content</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 justify-content: space-around;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; justify-content: space-around;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>justify-content</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 justify-content: center;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; justify-content: center;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Pushing siblings</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child:nth-child(1) {
 margin-right: auto;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child" style="margin-right: auto"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<!--
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Pushing siblings</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child:nth-child(2) {
 margin-left: auto;
 margin-right: auto;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
-->
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex-grow</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex-grow: 1;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex-grow</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child:nth-child(2) {
 flex-grow: 1;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex-grow</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child:nth-child(1) {
 flex-grow: 1;
}
.child:nth-child(2) {
 flex-grow: 2;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-grow: 2;"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex-basis</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex-basis: 200px;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex-basis</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex-basis: 200px;
}
.child:nth-child(2) {
 flex-grow: 1;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px; flex-grow: 1;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 200px;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Many elements</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Many elements</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex-shrink: 0;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-shrink: 0;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Many elements</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 flex-wrap: wrap;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Many elements</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.child {
 flex-basis: 25%;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<!--
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>Many elements</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.child {
 flex-basis: 25%;
 flex-grow: 1;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex-basis: 25%; flex-grow: 1"></div>
</div>
</section>
-->
<!--
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex-grow: 0; /* default */
 flex-shrink: 1; /* default */
 flex-basis: auto; /* default */
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
}
.child {
 flex: 0 1 auto; /* default */
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex;">
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.child {
 flex: 0 0 250px;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="child" style="flex: 0 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 0 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 0 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 0 0 250px;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex</h2>
<pre class=""><code data-trim class="css">
.container {
 display: flex;
 flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.child {
 flex: 1 0 250px;
}
 </code></pre>
<div class="container" style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">
<div class="child" style="flex: 1 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 1 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 1 0 250px;"></div>
<div class="child" style="flex: 1 0 250px;"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="flexbox">
<h2>flex</h2>