Typecheck `lance/arrow.py` and `tests/test_arrow.py`

[wjones127]

1. Add files to pyright whitelist: https://github.com/lancedb/lance/blob/c6fcb31ec6ca50797765420feb7fd704862de788/python/pyproject.toml#L74
2. Fix all type checking errors

For reference, see this PR: #3286

[YuangGao]

@wjones127 opened #7265 for this — please take a look when you get a chance, thanks!