diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts
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+/**
+ * Xiaohongshu 图文笔记 publisher — creator center UI automation.
+ *
+ * Flow:
+ *   1. Navigate to creator publish page
+ *   2. Upload images via DataTransfer injection into the file input
+ *   3. Fill title and body text
+ *   4. Add topic hashtags
+ *   5. Publish (or save as draft)
+ *
+ * Requires: logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com in Chrome.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   opencli xiaohongshu publish --title "标题" "正文内容" \
+ *     --images /path/a.jpg,/path/b.jpg \
+ *     --topics 生活,旅行
+ */
+
+import * as fs from 'node:fs';
+import * as path from 'node:path';
+
+import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+
+const PUBLISH_URL = 'https://creator.xiaohongshu.com/publish/publish?from=menu_left';
+const MAX_IMAGES = 9;
+const MAX_TITLE_LEN = 20;
+const UPLOAD_SETTLE_MS = 3000;
+
+type ImagePayload = { name: string; mimeType: string; base64: string };
+
+/**
+ * Read a local image and return the name, MIME type, and base64 content.
+ * Throws if the file does not exist or the extension is unsupported.
+ */
+function readImageFile(filePath: string): ImagePayload {
+  const absPath = path.resolve(filePath);
+  if (!fs.existsSync(absPath)) throw new Error(`Image file not found: ${absPath}`);
+  const ext = path.extname(absPath).toLowerCase();
+  const mimeMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    '.jpg': 'image/jpeg',
+    '.jpeg': 'image/jpeg',
+    '.png': 'image/png',
+    '.gif': 'image/gif',
+    '.webp': 'image/webp',
+  };
+  const mimeType = mimeMap[ext];
+  if (!mimeType) throw new Error(`Unsupported image format "${ext}". Supported: jpg, png, gif, webp`);
+  const base64 = fs.readFileSync(absPath).toString('base64');
+  return { name: path.basename(absPath), mimeType, base64 };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inject images into the page's file input using DataTransfer.
+ * Converts base64 payloads to File objects in the browser context, then dispatches
+ * a synthetic 'change' event on the input element.
+ *
+ * Returns { ok, count, error }.
+ */
+async function injectImages(page: IPage, images: ImagePayload[]): Promise<{ ok: boolean; count: number; error?: string }> {
+  const payload = JSON.stringify(images);
+  return page.evaluate(`
+    (async () => {
+      const images = ${payload};
+
+      // Prefer image/* file inputs; fall back to the first available input.
+      const inputs = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('input[type="file"]'));
+      const input = inputs.find(el => {
+        const accept = el.getAttribute('accept') || '';
+        return accept.includes('image') || accept.includes('.jpg') || accept.includes('.png');
+      }) || inputs[0];
+
+      if (!input) return { ok: false, count: 0, error: 'No file input found on page' };
+
+      const dt = new DataTransfer();
+      for (const img of images) {
+        try {
+          const binary = atob(img.base64);
+          const bytes = new Uint8Array(binary.length);
+          for (let i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i);
+          const blob = new Blob([bytes], { type: img.mimeType });
+          dt.items.add(new File([blob], img.name, { type: img.mimeType }));
+        } catch (e) {
+          return { ok: false, count: 0, error: 'Failed to create File: ' + e.message };
+        }
+      }
+
+      Object.defineProperty(input, 'files', { value: dt.files, writable: false });
+      input.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
+      input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+
+      return { ok: true, count: dt.files.length };
+    })()
+  `);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wait until all upload progress indicators have disappeared (up to maxWaitMs).
+ */
+async function waitForUploads(page: IPage, maxWaitMs = 30_000): Promise<void> {
+  const pollMs = 2_000;
+  const maxAttempts = Math.ceil(maxWaitMs / pollMs);
+  for (let i = 0; i < maxAttempts; i++) {
+    const uploading: boolean = await page.evaluate(`
+      () => !!document.querySelector(
+        '[class*="upload"][class*="progress"], [class*="uploading"], [class*="loading"][class*="image"]'
+      )
+    `);
+    if (!uploading) return;
+    await page.wait({ time: pollMs / 1_000 });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fill a visible text input or contenteditable with the given text.
+ * Tries multiple selectors in priority order.
+ * Returns { ok, sel }.
+ */
+async function fillField(page: IPage, selectors: string[], text: string, fieldName: string): Promise<void> {
+  const result: { ok: boolean; sel?: string } = await page.evaluate(`
+    (function(selectors, text) {
+      for (const sel of selectors) {
+        const candidates = document.querySelectorAll(sel);
+        for (const el of candidates) {
+          if (!el || el.offsetParent === null) continue;
+          el.focus();
+          if (el.tagName === 'INPUT' || el.tagName === 'TEXTAREA') {
+            el.value = '';
+            document.execCommand('selectAll', false);
+            document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
+            el.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+            el.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
+          } else {
+            // contenteditable
+            el.textContent = '';
+            document.execCommand('selectAll', false);
+            document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
+            el.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+          }
+          return { ok: true, sel };
+        }
+      }
+      return { ok: false };
+    })(${JSON.stringify(selectors)}, ${JSON.stringify(text)})
+  `);
+  if (!result.ok) {
+    await page.screenshot({ path: `/tmp/xhs_publish_${fieldName}_debug.png` });
+    throw new Error(
+      `Could not find ${fieldName} input. Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_${fieldName}_debug.png`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+cli({
+  site: 'xiaohongshu',
+  name: 'publish',
+  description: '小红书发布图文笔记 (creator center UI automation)',
+  domain: 'creator.xiaohongshu.com',
+  strategy: Strategy.COOKIE,
+  browser: true,
+  args: [
+    { name: 'title', required: true, help: '笔记标题 (最多20字)' },
+    { name: 'content', required: true, positional: true, help: '笔记正文' },
+    { name: 'images', required: false, help: '图片路径，逗号分隔，最多9张 (jpg/png/gif/webp)' },
+    { name: 'topics', required: false, help: '话题标签，逗号分隔，不含 # 号' },
+    { name: 'draft', type: 'bool', default: false, help: '保存为草稿，不直接发布' },
+  ],
+  columns: ['status', 'detail'],
+  func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs) => {
+    if (!page) throw new Error('Browser page required');
+
+    const title = String(kwargs.title ?? '').trim();
+    const content = String(kwargs.content ?? '').trim();
+    const imagePaths: string[] = kwargs.images
+      ? String(kwargs.images).split(',').map((s: string) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean)
+      : [];
+    const topics: string[] = kwargs.topics
+      ? String(kwargs.topics).split(',').map((s: string) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean)
+      : [];
+    const isDraft = Boolean(kwargs.draft);
+
+    // ── Validate inputs ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (!title) throw new Error('--title is required');
+    if (title.length > MAX_TITLE_LEN)
+      throw new Error(`Title is ${title.length} chars — must be ≤ ${MAX_TITLE_LEN}`);
+    if (!content) throw new Error('Positional argument <content> is required');
+    if (imagePaths.length > MAX_IMAGES)
+      throw new Error(`Too many images: ${imagePaths.length} (max ${MAX_IMAGES})`);
+
+    // Read images in Node.js context before navigating (fast-fail on bad paths)
+    const imageData: ImagePayload[] = imagePaths.map(readImageFile);
+
+    // ── Step 1: Navigate to publish page ──────────────────────────────────────
+    await page.goto(PUBLISH_URL);
+    await page.wait({ time: 3 });
+
+    // Verify we landed on the creator site (not redirected to login)
+    const pageUrl: string = await page.evaluate('() => location.href');
+    if (!pageUrl.includes('creator.xiaohongshu.com')) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Redirected away from creator center — session may have expired. ' +
+        'Re-capture browser login via: opencli xiaohongshu creator-profile'
+      );
+    }
+
+    // ── Step 2: Select 图文 (image+text) note type if tabs are present ─────────
+    const tabClicked: boolean = await page.evaluate(`
+      () => {
+        const allEls = document.querySelectorAll('[class*="tab"], [class*="note-type"], [class*="type-item"]');
+        for (const el of allEls) {
+          const text = el.innerText || el.textContent || '';
+          if ((text.includes('图文') || text.includes('图片')) && el.offsetParent !== null) {
+            el.click();
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    `);
+    if (tabClicked) await page.wait({ time: 1 });
+
+    // ── Step 3: Upload images ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (imageData.length > 0) {
+      const upload = await injectImages(page, imageData);
+      if (!upload.ok) {
+        await page.screenshot({ path: '/tmp/xhs_publish_upload_debug.png' });
+        throw new Error(
+          `Image injection failed: ${upload.error ?? 'unknown'}. ` +
+          'Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_upload_debug.png'
+        );
+      }
+      // Allow XHS to process and upload images to its CDN
+      await page.wait({ time: UPLOAD_SETTLE_MS / 1_000 });
+      await waitForUploads(page);
+    }
+
+    // ── Step 4: Fill title ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    await fillField(
+      page,
+      [
+        'input[maxlength="20"]',
+        'input[class*="title"]',
+        'input[placeholder*="标题"]',
+        'input[placeholder*="title" i]',
+        '.title-input input',
+        '.note-title input',
+        'input[maxlength]',
+      ],
+      title,
+      'title'
+    );
+    await page.wait({ time: 0.5 });
+
+    // ── Step 5: Fill content / body ────────────────────────────────────────────
+    await fillField(
+      page,
+      [
+        '[contenteditable="true"][class*="content"]',
+        '[contenteditable="true"][class*="editor"]',
+        '[contenteditable="true"][placeholder*="描述"]',
+        '[contenteditable="true"][placeholder*="正文"]',
+        '[contenteditable="true"][placeholder*="内容"]',
+        '.note-content [contenteditable="true"]',
+        '.editor-content [contenteditable="true"]',
+        // Broad fallback — last resort; filter out any title contenteditable
+        '[contenteditable="true"]:not([placeholder*="标题"]):not([placeholder*="title" i])',
+      ],
+      content,
+      'content'
+    );
+    await page.wait({ time: 0.5 });
+
+    // ── Step 6: Add topic hashtags ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+    for (const topic of topics) {
+      // Click the "添加话题" button
+      const btnClicked: boolean = await page.evaluate(`
+        () => {
+          const candidates = document.querySelectorAll('*');
+          for (const el of candidates) {
+            const text = (el.innerText || el.textContent || '').trim();
+            if (
+              (text === '添加话题' || text === '# 话题' || text.startsWith('添加话题')) &&
+              el.offsetParent !== null &&
+              el.children.length === 0
+            ) {
+              el.click();
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+          // fallback: look for a hashtag icon button
+          const hashBtn = document.querySelector('[class*="topic"][class*="btn"], [class*="hashtag"][class*="btn"]');
+          if (hashBtn) { hashBtn.click(); return true; }
+          return false;
+        }
+      `);
+
+      if (!btnClicked) continue; // Skip topic if UI not found — non-fatal
+      await page.wait({ time: 1 });
+
+      // Type into the topic search input
+      const typed: boolean = await page.evaluate(`
+        (topicName => {
+          const input = document.querySelector(
+            '[class*="topic"] input, [class*="hashtag"] input, input[placeholder*="搜索话题"]'
+          );
+          if (!input || input.offsetParent === null) return false;
+          input.focus();
+          document.execCommand('insertText', false, topicName);
+          input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+          return true;
+        })(${JSON.stringify(topic)})
+      `);
+
+      if (!typed) continue;
+      await page.wait({ time: 1.5 }); // Wait for autocomplete suggestions
+
+      // Click the first suggestion
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        () => {
+          const item = document.querySelector(
+            '[class*="topic-item"], [class*="hashtag-item"], [class*="suggest-item"], [class*="suggestion"] li'
+          );
+          if (item) item.click();
+        }
+      `);
+      await page.wait({ time: 0.5 });
+    }
+
+    // ── Step 7: Publish or save draft ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    const actionLabel = isDraft ? '存草稿' : '发布';
+    const btnClicked: boolean = await page.evaluate(`
+      (label => {
+        const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('button, [role="button"]');
+        for (const btn of buttons) {
+          const text = (btn.innerText || btn.textContent || '').trim();
+          if (
+            (text === label || text.includes(label) || text === '发布笔记') &&
+            btn.offsetParent !== null &&
+            !btn.disabled
+          ) {
+            btn.click();
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      })(${JSON.stringify(actionLabel)})
+    `);
+
+    if (!btnClicked) {
+      await page.screenshot({ path: '/tmp/xhs_publish_submit_debug.png' });
+      throw new Error(
+        `Could not find "${actionLabel}" button. ` +
+        'Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_submit_debug.png'
+      );
+    }
+
+    // ── Step 8: Verify success ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    await page.wait({ time: 4 });
+
+    const finalUrl: string = await page.evaluate('() => location.href');
+    const successMsg: string = await page.evaluate(`
+      () => {
+        for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('*')) {
+          const text = (el.innerText || '').trim();
+          if (
+            el.children.length === 0 &&
+            (text.includes('发布成功') || text.includes('草稿已保存') || text.includes('上传成功'))
+          ) return text;
+        }
+        return '';
+      }
+    `);
+
+    const navigatedAway = !finalUrl.includes('/publish/publish');
+    const isSuccess = successMsg.length > 0 || navigatedAway;
+    const verb = isDraft ? '草稿已保存' : '发布成功';
+
+    return [
+      {
+        status: isSuccess ? `✅ ${verb}` : '⚠️ 操作完成，请在浏览器中确认',
+        detail: [
+          `"${title}"`,
+          imageData.length ? `${imageData.length}张图片` : '无图',
+          topics.length ? `话题: ${topics.join(' ')}` : '',
+          successMsg || finalUrl || '',
+        ]
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .join(' · '),
+      },
+    ];
+  },
+});