Merge pull request #1462 from ivan1016017/november21

adding algo

Author: ivanpenaloza

src/my_project/interviews/amazon_high_frequency_23/common_algos/two_sum_round_13.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import List, Union, Collection, Mapping, Optional
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+class Solution:
+    def twoSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
+
+        answer = dict()
+
+        for k, v in enumerate(nums):
+
+            if v in answer:
+                return [answer[v], k]
+            else:
+                answer[target - v] = k
+
+        return []

src/my_project/interviews/amazon_high_frequency_23/common_algos/valid_palindrome_round_13.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing import List, Union, Collection, Mapping, Optional
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+import re
+
+class Solution:
+    def isPalindrome(self, s: str) -> bool:
+
+        # To lowercase
+        s = s.lower()
+
+        # Remove non-alphanumeric characters
+        s = re.sub(pattern=r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', repl='', string=s)
+
+        # Determine if s is palindrome or not
+
+        len_s = len(s)
+
+        for i in range(len_s//2):
+
+            if s[i] != s[len_s - 1 - i]:
+                return False 
+            
+        return True 

src/my_project/interviews/amazon_high_frequency_23/round_4/k_free_subsets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from typing import List, Union, Collection, Mapping, Optional
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+class Solution:
+    def countTheNumOfKFreeSubsets(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Count k-Free subsets using dynamic programming.
+        
+        Approach:
+        1. Group elements by (num % k) to find independent groups
+        2. Within each group, sort and build chains where elements differ by k
+        3. For each chain, use House Robber DP to count valid subsets
+        4. Multiply results across all independent chains
+        
+        Time: O(n log n), Space: O(n)
+        """
+        # Group numbers by their remainder when divided by k
+        groups = defaultdict(list)
+        for num in nums:
+            groups[num % k].append(num)
+        
+        res = 1
+        
+        # Process each group independently
+        for group in groups.values():
+            group.sort()
+            
+            # Build chains within this group
+            i = 0
+            while i < len(group):
+                chain = [group[i]]
+                j = i + 1
+                
+                # Build chain where each element is exactly k more than previous
+                while j < len(group) and group[j] == chain[-1] + k:
+                    chain.append(group[j])
+                    j += 1
+                
+                # House Robber DP for this chain
+                m = len(chain)
+                if m == 1:
+                    chain_res = 2  # {} or {chain[0]}
+                else:
+                    take = 1  # Take first element
+                    skip = 1  # Skip first element
+                    
+                    for idx in range(1, m):
+                        new_take = skip  # Can only take current if we skipped previous
+                        new_skip = take + skip  # Can skip current regardless
+                        take, skip = new_take, new_skip
+                    
+                    chain_res = take + skip
+                
+                res *= chain_res
+                i = j
+        
+        return res
+
+
+
+    
+
+'''
+Detailed Algorithm Explanation
+Part 1: Why Group by num % k?
+Two numbers can have a difference of exactly k only if they have the same remainder when divided by k.
+
+Mathematical proof:
+
+If a - b = k, then a = b + k
+Therefore: a % k = (b + k) % k = b % k
+Example: nums = [2, 3, 5, 8], k = 5
+
+num | num % 5 | group
+----|---------|-------
+2   |    2    | Group A
+3   |    3    | Group B  
+5   |    0    | Group C
+8   |    3    | Group B
+
+
+Why this matters: Elements from different groups can never differ by k, so they're independent. We can combine any subset from Group A with any subset from Group B.
+
+Part 2: Building Chains
+Within each group, we sort and find chains where consecutive elements differ by exactly k.
+
+Example with Group B: [3, 8]
+
+Sorted: [3, 8]
+Check: 8 - 3 = 5 ✓
+Chain: 3 → 8
+
+Another example: nums = [1, 6, 11, 21], k = 5 (all have remainder 1)
+
+Sorted: [1, 6, 11, 21]
+Check: 6-1=5 ✓, 11-6=5 ✓, 21-11=10 ✗
+Chains: [1 → 6 → 11], [21]
+
+
+Part 3: House Robber DP - The Core Logic
+For a chain like [3 → 8], we can't pick both 3 and 8 (they differ by k). This is the House Robber problem: count all subsets where we don't pick adjacent elements.
+
+DP State Variables
+take = number of valid subsets that INCLUDE the current element
+skip = number of valid subsets that EXCLUDE the current element
+
+DP Transitions
+new_take = skip      # To take current, we MUST have skipped previous
+new_skip = take + skip  # To skip current, we can take or skip previous
+
+'''    

src/my_project/interviews/amazon_high_frequency_23/round_4/kids_with_the_greates_number_of_candies.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import List, Union, Collection, Mapping, Optional
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+class Solution:
+    def kidsWithCandies(self, candies: List[int], extraCandies: int) -> List[bool]:
+        max_candies = max(candies)
+        return [candy + extraCandies >= max_candies for candy in candies]
+
+        
+

src/my_project/interviews/top_150_questions_round_21/number_of_1_bits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from typing import List, Union, Collection, Mapping, Optional
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+class Solution:
+    def hammingWeight(self, n: int) -> int: 
+        return bin(n).count('1')

tests/test_150_questions_round_21/test_number_of_1_bits_round_21.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import unittest
+from src.my_project.interviews.top_150_questions_round_21\
+.number_of_1_bits import Solution
+
+class NumberOfOnesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_number_of_ones(self):
+        solution = Solution()
+        output = solution.hammingWeight(n=11)
+        target = 3
+        self.assertEqual(output, target)