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### Data
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# TCO₂: Total Cost of Ownership
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A tool for quantifying the total CO2 cost of ownership of database servers.
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## Paper
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[A Case for Ecological Efficiency in Database Server Lifecycles](https://hpi.de/oldsite/fileadmin/user_upload/fachgebiete/rabl/publications/2025/serverlifecycles_cidr2025.pdf)
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## Web Interface
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![tco2 screenshot (5)](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a933cf22-9561-4572-a8eb-c0199676a180)
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### Section 1 - Server Configurations
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Users can configure CPU, DRAM, SSD, and HDD of an existing server to compare
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it with another setup and asses its CO₂ emissions relative to its own embodied carbon.
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### Section 2 - Benchmark Settings
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This section enables users to modify the type of workload, the percentage of
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server utilization, and the intensity of carbon of the grid based on the
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location of the server.
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Workload Types:
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- **SPECrate** – Measures multi-threaded performance, simulating
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environments such as databases and web servers
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- **SPECspeed** – Evaluates single-threaded performance for general purpose tasks such as
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data compression and text processing. We use publicly available measurements for both, SPECrate and SPECspeed.
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- **Sorting** – A common yet computationally challenging task that
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is difficult to fully parallelize. A vector of four billion random integer
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values (uint32_t, 16GB) is generated, then the time to sort the
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entire vector is measured.
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- **TPC-H** – Assesses analytical database performance by running
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TPC-H workloads with a scale factor of 10 and 25 read-only query
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streams on the open-source in-memory database system Hyrise [5].
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We collect measurements for Sorting and TPC-H experimentally in
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our lab
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Other Settings:
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- **Server Utilization** – Defined as the ratio of queries per second
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to the maximum possible queries per second. According to
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the findings of Barroso and Hölzle, who monitored thousands
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of Google servers over six months, servers typically operate at
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between 10% and 50% of their maximum theoretical capacity rather
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than being idle or running at peak levels.
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- **Grid Carbon Intensity (GCI)** – The GCI also plays a crucial role
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in predicting the ecological impact of upgrading components. The
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carbon intensity of a country’s power grid measures the CO2 emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced.
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### Section 3 - Break-Even Analysis
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The break-even time is visualized on a line chart, allowing users to assess
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the accumulated CO2 emissions across different configurations.
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### Section 4 - Detailed Breakdown
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Additional key data points, such as break-even time, grid carbon intensity,
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embodied carbon of new hardware, total carbon footprint until break-even,
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workload performance indicator, and breakdowns of the embodied and operational
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carbon footprint are provided to give further insights into each comparison.
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These data points along with the line chart are then dynamically updated to
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reflect any changes made to the parameters.
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## Data
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|File|Description|
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|----|-----------|
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|cpu2006-results-20240723-164205.csv|SPEC CPU 2006|
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|cpu2017-results-20240723-171407.csv|SPEC CPU 2017|
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|tpc_cpu.csv|TPC-H/C most used CPU + TDP|
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|intel_cpus.csv|Incel CPU information crawled from https://ark.intel.com|
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|intel_cpus.csv|Intel CPU information crawled from https://ark.intel.com|

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