This is a note to build radia on python/macOS. When python is updated, you can make a new shared object (so) in the following procedure. I tested radia.so with python version 2.7, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, and 3.12 but you can build it on your environment in the same way. You can also see YouTube Video.
Note that you can try python3 radia_example01.py in /env/radia_python prior to this build. If it works, you do not have to make this proceudre. This repository is modified to build radia python on macOS. The Jupyter notebooks are also available link, and cloud based Radia python is here.
- You should install the command line developer tools in the terminal (see details below).
xcode-select --install
- You may need python modules at least.
pip3 install numpy
pip3 install matplotlib
pip3 install setuptools
- You may also need brew to install wget and cmake .
brew install wget
brew install cmake
- Download the Radia code in zip from this repository and unzip it.
- Open terminal and build radia.so in the radia-master directory (see details below).
cd ~/Downloads/radia-master/
make all
- Test a Radia python code from an example to verify the first app run as below.
cd ~/Downloads/radia-master/env/radia_python/
python3 radia_example01.py
- The first message appears in the first radia run
"radia.cpython-XX-darwin.so" cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified. Do you want to move to trash?, then clickCancel. - The second message may appear after the first
"radia.cpython-XX-darwin.so" cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified. Do you want to move to trash?, then clickCancel. - Open system settings (in Apple menu) - security & privacy - security -
allow anywayto allow openingradia.cpython-XX-darwin.soblocked from use because it is not from an identified developer. - The last message appears in the second radia run
macOS cannot verify the developer of "radia.cpython-XX-darwin.so". Are you sure you want to open it?, then clickOpen, and eventually radia runs without further verification. - To display the geometry of objects in macOS, you need additonal modules.
pip3 install pyvista
pip3 install accumulate
- You can test the following examples.
python3 radia_example02.py
python3 radia_example03.py
python3 radia_example04.py
python3 radia_example05.py
python3 radia_example06.py
Open system settings (in 🍎 menu) - security & privacy - security - allow anyway to allow opening radia.cpython-XX-darwin.so blocked from use because it is not from an identified developer.
Download the Radia from this repository and try make all again. In this repository, triangle.c file is modified as below.
Comment out in fpu-control.h in triangle.c because it is not needed in macos link1, link2.
/* #include <fpu_control.h> */
/* _FPU_SETCW(cword); */
You can also download original radia and modify trinagle.c.
When you make radia, you may see this error because the folder name includes a space such as "radia test". You can use underscore "radia_test" for example, which is an issue in linux.
Error: xcode-select: Failed to locate 'python', requesting installation of command line developer tools.
Install the command line developer tools in the terminal link1, likn2.
xcode-select --install
sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
sudo xcodebuild -license
In this repository, python3 is used to build radia.so. If you want to run python instead of python3, follow the procedures below.
In this repository, Makefile in cpp/py is modified for python3, so you can use python3.
python3 setup.py install
This is an important issue on macos, because the default python was version 2 on macos. Now, python does not exist on maxOS, and python3 is a default python. However, the original Radia python is built on python not python3. We can create the symbolic link of python3 for python.
Open the terminal and run below link.
sudo ln -s /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python
You can check the version of python in terminal, and it should be Python 3.X.X.
python -V
If permission denied error appears, add sudo in front of python setup.py install or delete all folders previously created under cpp/py/ with password.
In this method, I found an issue on the module installation in python environment such as numpy, matplotlib, etc. Even though the module can be installed in pip, radia code does not recognize these modules.
conda or pyenv virtual environment might also help to configure python version 2, 3, and it derivatives. For example, pyenv works in both python and python3 seamlessly without change in system default python environment.
brew install pyenv
pyenv install 3.9
Open your shell to run pyenv
nano ~/.zshrc
Copy and paste below into .zshrc, then ctrl + o for overwrite, ctrl + x for exit
if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
fi
Now you can check available python environment other than system python, and switch any python version.
pyenv versions
pyenv global 3.9
python -V
Delete build, dist, Radia_Python_Interface.egg-info folders in cpp/py/.
This error is based on build error in make fftw. Check make fftw if make all does not work.
# - `make all` - will compile FFTW, C++ core and Python lib;
# - `make fftw` - will compile FFTW only;
# - `make` - will compile C++ core and Python lib;
# - `make clean` - will clean temporary files.
Previously I had a problem on a g77 symbolic link in /user/local/bin/, and solved with rm g77. You may check the difference from the successful terminal log as attached at the end of this report.
g77
-bash: /usr/local/bin/g77: Bad CPU type in executable
rm g77
Pre-compiled libfftw.a on Intel mac is added in this repository that makes make possible without make all including make fftw. If you use Apple silicon, you should make all (see details in the next paragraph for M1 mac).
Hidekis-Air-13:radia_python hidekinakajima$ python radia_example01.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/hidekinakajima/Downloads/Radia-master/env/radia_python/radia_example01.py", line 8, in <module>
import radia as rad
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/hidekinakajima/Downloads/Radia-master/env/radia_python/radia.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace (_fftw)
Error: configure: error: /bin/sh ./config.sub -apple-darwinXX.X.0 failed or an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64e' or 'arm64')
make fftw as well as make all might be an issue on mac with Apple silicon M series. To solve this issue, we have to cmake based on CMakeLists.txt as described in SRW for arm64 cpu archtecture. In this repository, makefile and CMakeLists.txt are modified in root, cpp/gcc/, and ext_lib/fftw/ accordingly. The following files are downloaded via wget during the cmake, so your PC should be online.
http://www.fftw.org/fftw-2.1.5.tar.gz
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=config.git&a=blob_plain&f=config.sub
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=config.git&a=blob_plain&f=config.guess
Install pip, and run the following commands.
pip3 install numpy
pip3 install matplotlib
pip3 install setuptools
Install Homebrew, and run the following commands.
brew install wget
brew install cmake
Radia in macos does not support rad.ObjDrwOpenGL for 3D viewer of the geometry. Instead, we can save and plot vtk file by using pyvista or paraview. radia_vtk.py in this repository coded by quorx is added.
import radia_vtk as rad_vtk
rad_vtk.plot_vtk(g)
g is an object file and changed to name of your object. radia_geometry.vtk is a name of vtk file exported. For pyvista, you need additional modules.
pip3 install pyvista
pip3 install accumulate
Python 3.10 and 3.11 have an issue on Tcl/Tk that makes plot on X11 link. Python 3.9 is still safe to open plots in X11.
log_radia_build_py312_macos_make_all.sh
log_radia_build_py39_macos_make_all.sh
log_radia_build_py39_macos_make_fftw.sh