Quite a comprehensive online glossary can be found here.
Four our lectures, roughly in "order of appearance":
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Compiler: A program that reads source code and usually creates machine code. The Java compiler (
javac) create bytecode instead that will be run by the: -
Java Virtual Machine: The program that "runs" the byte code (
java). -
Source Code: The program code how we write and maintain it.
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Data types: See the link above.