diff --git a/.github/actions/file/README.md b/.github/actions/file/README.md
index 7680cce..fd956e4 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/README.md
+++ b/.github/actions/file/README.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Files GitHub issues to track potential accessibility gaps.
 **Required** Path to a JSON file containing the list of potential accessibility gaps. The path can be absolute or relative to the working directory (which defaults to `GITHUB_WORKSPACE`). For example: `findings.json`.
 
 The file should contain a JSON array of finding objects. For example:
+
 ```json
 []
 ```
@@ -28,15 +29,31 @@ The file should contain a JSON array of finding objects. For example:
 **Optional** Path to a JSON file containing cached filings from previous runs. The path can be absolute or relative to the working directory (which defaults to `GITHUB_WORKSPACE`). Without this, duplicate issues may be filed. For example: `cached-filings.json`.
 
 The file should contain a JSON array of filing objects. For example:
+
 ```json
 [
   {
     "findings": [],
-    "issue": {"id":1,"nodeId":"SXNzdWU6MQ==","url":"https://github.com/github/docs/issues/123","title":"Accessibility issue: 1"}
+    "issue": {
+      "id": 1,
+      "nodeId": "SXNzdWU6MQ==",
+      "url": "https://github.com/github/docs/issues/123",
+      "title": "Accessibility issue: 1"
+    }
   }
 ]
 ```
 
+#### `group_by`
+
+**Optional** How to consolidate findings into issues. One of:
+
+- `finding` (default): one issue per individual violation — current behavior, unchanged.
+- `rule`: one issue per rule (`ruleId`/`scannerType`), aggregating every occurrence across all scanned URLs.
+- `rule+url`: one issue per rule per scanned URL.
+
+When grouping, each additional occurrence is appended to the single "umbrella" issue body as a checklist item under an **Occurrences** section rather than spawning a new issue. This is the preferred mechanism for consolidating issues over `open_grouped_issues`.
+
 ### Outputs
 
 #### `filings_file`
@@ -44,11 +61,17 @@ The file should contain a JSON array of filing objects. For example:
 Absolute path to a JSON file containing the list of issues filed (and their associated finding(s)). The action writes this file to a temporary directory and returns the absolute path. For example: `$RUNNER_TEMP/filings-<uuid>.json`.
 
 The file will contain a JSON array of filing objects. For example:
+
 ```json
 [
   {
     "findings": [],
-    "issue": {"id":1,"nodeId":"SXNzdWU6MQ==","url":"https://github.com/github/docs/issues/123","title":"Accessibility issue: 1"}
+    "issue": {
+      "id": 1,
+      "nodeId": "SXNzdWU6MQ==",
+      "url": "https://github.com/github/docs/issues/123",
+      "title": "Accessibility issue: 1"
+    }
   }
 ]
 ```
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/action.yml b/.github/actions/file/action.yml
index 6d22925..a0f1a80 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/file/action.yml
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-name: "File"
-description: "Files GitHub issues to track potential accessibility gaps."
+name: 'File'
+description: 'Files GitHub issues to track potential accessibility gaps.'
 
 inputs:
   findings_file:
-    description: "Path to a JSON file containing the list of potential accessibility gaps"
+    description: 'Path to a JSON file containing the list of potential accessibility gaps'
     required: true
   repository:
-    description: "Repository (with owner) to file issues in"
+    description: 'Repository (with owner) to file issues in'
     required: true
   token:
     description: "Token with fine-grained permission 'issues: write'"
     required: true
   base_url:
-    description: "Optional base URL to pass into Octokit for the GitHub API (for example, `https://YOUR_HOSTNAME/api/v3` for GitHub Enterprise Server)"
+    description: 'Optional base URL to pass into Octokit for the GitHub API (for example, `https://YOUR_HOSTNAME/api/v3` for GitHub Enterprise Server)'
     required: false
   cached_filings_file:
-    description: "Path to a JSON file containing cached filings from previous runs. Without this, duplicate issues may be filed."
+    description: 'Path to a JSON file containing cached filings from previous runs. Without this, duplicate issues may be filed.'
     required: false
   screenshot_repository:
     description: "Repository (with owner) where screenshots are stored on the gh-cache branch. Defaults to the 'repository' input if not set. Required if issues are open in a different repo to construct proper screenshot URLs."
@@ -23,28 +23,32 @@ inputs:
   open_grouped_issues:
     description: "In the 'file' step, also open grouped issues which link to all issues with the same root cause"
     required: false
-    default: "false"
+    default: 'false'
+  group_by:
+    description: "How to group findings into issues: 'finding' (one issue per violation, default), 'rule' (one issue per rule), or 'rule+url' (one issue per rule per scanned URL)."
+    required: false
+    default: 'finding'
   dry_run:
-    description: "When true, log the issues that would be filed without opening, closing, or reopening any issues."
+    description: 'When true, log the issues that would be filed without opening, closing, or reopening any issues.'
     required: false
-    default: "false"
+    default: 'false'
   file_best_practice_issues:
-    description: "File issues for best-practice findings (accessibility recommendations that are not hard WCAG failures). Disabling only suppresses new issues; existing ones are left untouched."
+    description: 'File issues for best-practice findings (accessibility recommendations that are not hard WCAG failures). Disabling only suppresses new issues; existing ones are left untouched.'
     required: false
-    default: "true"
+    default: 'true'
   file_experimental_issues:
-    description: "File issues for experimental findings (checks that are not yet stable). Disabling only suppresses new issues; existing ones are left untouched."
+    description: 'File issues for experimental findings (checks that are not yet stable). Disabling only suppresses new issues; existing ones are left untouched.'
     required: false
-    default: "true"
+    default: 'true'
 
 outputs:
   filings_file:
-    description: "Path to a JSON file containing the list of issues filed (and their associated finding(s))"
+    description: 'Path to a JSON file containing the list of issues filed (and their associated finding(s))'
 
 runs:
-  using: "node24"
-  main: "bootstrap.js"
+  using: 'node24'
+  main: 'bootstrap.js'
 
 branding:
-  icon: "compass"
-  color: "blue"
+  icon: 'compass'
+  color: 'blue'
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/generateIssueBody.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/generateIssueBody.ts
index f0167ff..c67024d 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/src/generateIssueBody.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/generateIssueBody.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import type {Finding} from './types.d.js'
 
-export function generateIssueBody(finding: Finding, screenshotRepo: string): string {
+export function generateIssueBody(occurrences: Finding | Finding[], screenshotRepo: string): string {
+  const findings = Array.isArray(occurrences) ? occurrences : [occurrences]
+  const finding = findings[0]
+
   const solutionLong = finding.solutionLong
     ?.split('\n')
     .map((line: string) =>
@@ -18,6 +21,16 @@ export function generateIssueBody(finding: Finding, screenshotRepo: string): str
 `
   }
 
+  let occurrencesSection = ''
+  if (findings.length > 1) {
+    const items = findings.map(f => `- [ ] ${f.html ? `\`${f.html}\` on ${f.url}` : f.url}`).join('\n')
+    occurrencesSection = `
+## ${findings.length} Other Occurrences:
+
+${items}
+`
+  }
+
   const categoryNotice =
     finding.category && finding.category !== 'wcag'
       ? `> [!NOTE]\n> This is ${
@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ An accessibility scan ${finding.html ? `flagged the element \`${finding.html}\``
 ${screenshotSection ?? ''}
 To fix this, ${finding.solutionShort}.
 ${solutionLong ? `\nSpecifically:\n\n${solutionLong}` : ''}
-
+${occurrencesSection}
 ${acceptanceCriteria}
 `
 
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/groupBy.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/groupBy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35d2c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/groupBy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export const GROUP_BY_VALUES = ['finding', 'rule', 'rule+url'] as const
+
+export type GroupBy = (typeof GROUP_BY_VALUES)[number]
+
+export function isGroupBy(value: string): value is GroupBy {
+  return (GROUP_BY_VALUES as readonly string[]).includes(value)
+}
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/index.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/index.ts
index 13a3306..b4f989c 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/src/index.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/index.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {getWontfixIssueNumbers, shouldReopenIssue, WONTFIX_LABEL} from './should
 import {openIssue} from './openIssue.js'
 import {reopenIssue} from './reopenIssue.js'
 import {updateFilingsWithNewFindings} from './updateFilingsWithNewFindings.js'
+import {GROUP_BY_VALUES, isGroupBy} from './groupBy.js'
 import {OctokitResponse} from '@octokit/types'
 const OctokitWithThrottling = Octokit.plugin(throttling)
 
@@ -36,6 +37,12 @@ export default async function () {
     ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(cachedFilingsFile, 'utf8'))
     : []
   const shouldOpenGroupedIssues = core.getBooleanInput('open_grouped_issues')
+  const groupByInput = core.getInput('group_by') || 'finding'
+  if (!isGroupBy(groupByInput)) {
+    core.setFailed(`Invalid 'group_by' value: '${groupByInput}'. Must be one of: ${GROUP_BY_VALUES.join(', ')}.`)
+    return
+  }
+  const groupBy = groupByInput
   const dryRun = core.getBooleanInput('dry_run')
   const fileBestPracticeIssues = getBooleanInputWithDefault('file_best_practice_issues', true)
   const fileExperimentalIssues = getBooleanInputWithDefault('file_experimental_issues', true)
@@ -45,6 +52,7 @@ export default async function () {
   core.debug(`Input: 'screenshot_repository: ${screenshotRepo}'`)
   core.debug(`Input: 'cached_filings_file: ${cachedFilingsFile}'`)
   core.debug(`Input: 'open_grouped_issues: ${shouldOpenGroupedIssues}'`)
+  core.debug(`Input: 'group_by: ${groupBy}'`)
   core.debug(`Input: 'dry_run: ${dryRun}'`)
   core.debug(`Input: 'file_best_practice_issues: ${fileBestPracticeIssues}'`)
   core.debug(`Input: 'file_experimental_issues: ${fileExperimentalIssues}'`)
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ export default async function () {
       },
     },
   })
-  const filings = updateFilingsWithNewFindings(cachedFilings, findings)
+  const filings = updateFilingsWithNewFindings(cachedFilings, findings, groupBy)
 
   // Suppressed new filings are kept out of the cache
   const suppressedFilings = new Set<Filing>()
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ export default async function () {
           filing.issue.state = 'closed'
         } else if (isNewFiling(filing)) {
           // Open a new issue for the filing
-          response = await openIssue(octokit, repoWithOwner, filing.findings[0], screenshotRepo)
+          response = await openIssue(octokit, repoWithOwner, filing.findings, screenshotRepo)
           ;(filing as Filing).issue = {state: 'open'} as Issue
 
           // Track for grouping
@@ -151,8 +159,8 @@ export default async function () {
             // The developer intentionally closed this issue and labeled it 'wontfix', so leave it closed
             core.info(`Skipping reopen of issue labeled '${WONTFIX_LABEL}': ${filing.issue.url}`)
           } else {
-            // Reopen the filing's issue and update the body with the latest finding
-            response = await reopenIssue(octokit, issue, filing.findings[0], repoWithOwner, screenshotRepo)
+            // Reopen the filing's issue and update the body with the latest finding(s)
+            response = await reopenIssue(octokit, issue, filing.findings, repoWithOwner, screenshotRepo)
             filing.issue.state = 'reopened'
           }
         }
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/openIssue.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/openIssue.ts
index 03161c2..67128d0 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/src/openIssue.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/openIssue.ts
@@ -17,26 +17,29 @@ function truncateWithEllipsis(text: string, maxLength: number): string {
   return text.length > maxLength ? text.slice(0, maxLength - 1) + '…' : text
 }
 
-export async function openIssue(octokit: Octokit, repoWithOwner: string, finding: Finding, screenshotRepo?: string) {
+export async function openIssue(octokit: Octokit, repoWithOwner: string, findings: Finding[], screenshotRepo?: string) {
   const owner = repoWithOwner.split('/')[0]
   const repo = repoWithOwner.split('/')[1]
+  const primary = findings[0]
 
-  const labels = [`${finding.scannerType}-scanning-issue`]
+  const labels = [`${primary.scannerType}-scanning-issue`]
   // Only include a ruleId label when it's defined
-  if (finding.ruleId) {
-    labels.push(`${finding.scannerType} rule: ${finding.ruleId}`)
+  if (primary.ruleId) {
+    labels.push(`${primary.scannerType} rule: ${primary.ruleId}`)
   }
   // Flag non-WCAG findings so they can be filtered or triaged separately
-  if (finding.category && finding.category !== 'wcag') {
-    labels.push(finding.category)
+  if (primary.category && primary.category !== 'wcag') {
+    labels.push(primary.category)
   }
 
+  const count = findings.length
+  const titleSuffix = count > 1 ? ` (${count} occurrences)` : ` on ${new URL(primary.url).pathname}`
   const title = truncateWithEllipsis(
-    `Accessibility issue: ${finding.problemShort[0].toUpperCase() + finding.problemShort.slice(1)} on ${new URL(finding.url).pathname}`,
+    `Accessibility issue: ${primary.problemShort[0].toUpperCase() + primary.problemShort.slice(1)}${titleSuffix}`,
     GITHUB_ISSUE_TITLE_MAX_LENGTH,
   )
 
-  const body = generateIssueBody(finding, screenshotRepo ?? repoWithOwner)
+  const body = generateIssueBody(findings, screenshotRepo ?? repoWithOwner)
 
   return octokit.request(`POST /repos/${owner}/${repo}/issues`, {
     owner,
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/reopenIssue.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/reopenIssue.ts
index 329c695..10705f3 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/src/reopenIssue.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/reopenIssue.ts
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import {generateIssueBody} from './generateIssueBody.js'
 export async function reopenIssue(
   octokit: Octokit,
   {owner, repository, issueNumber}: Issue,
-  finding?: Finding,
+  findings?: Finding[],
   repoWithOwner?: string,
   screenshotRepo?: string,
 ) {
   let body: string | undefined
-  if (finding && repoWithOwner) {
-    body = generateIssueBody(finding, screenshotRepo ?? repoWithOwner)
+  if (findings?.length && repoWithOwner) {
+    body = generateIssueBody(findings, screenshotRepo ?? repoWithOwner)
   }
 
   return octokit.request(`PATCH /repos/${owner}/${repository}/issues/${issueNumber}`, {
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/src/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.ts b/.github/actions/file/src/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.ts
index eee1c6a..9c00be5 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/src/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/src/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,39 @@
 import type {Finding, ResolvedFiling, NewFiling, RepeatedFiling, Filing} from './types.d.js'
+import type {GroupBy} from './groupBy.js'
 
 function getFilingKey(filing: ResolvedFiling | RepeatedFiling): string {
   return filing.issue.url
 }
 
-function getFindingKey(finding: Finding): string {
-  if (finding.ruleId && finding.html) {
-    return `${finding.url};${finding.ruleId};${finding.html}`
+function getFindingKey(finding: Finding, groupBy: GroupBy): string {
+  const rule = finding.ruleId
+    ? `${finding.scannerType};${finding.ruleId}`
+    : `${finding.scannerType};${finding.problemUrl}`
+
+  switch (groupBy) {
+    case 'rule':
+      return rule
+    case 'rule+url':
+      return `${finding.url};${rule}`
+    case 'finding':
+    default:
+      if (finding.ruleId && finding.html) {
+        return `${finding.url};${finding.ruleId};${finding.html}`
+      }
+      return `${finding.url};${finding.scannerType};${finding.problemUrl}`
   }
-  return `${finding.url};${finding.scannerType};${finding.problemUrl}`
 }
 
 export function updateFilingsWithNewFindings(
   filings: (ResolvedFiling | RepeatedFiling)[],
   findings: Finding[],
+  groupBy: GroupBy = 'finding',
 ): Filing[] {
   const filingKeys: {
     [key: string]: ResolvedFiling | RepeatedFiling
   } = {}
   const findingKeys: {[key: string]: string} = {}
-  const newFilings: NewFiling[] = []
+  const newFilingKeys: {[key: string]: NewFiling} = {}
 
   // Create maps for filing and finding data from previous runs, for quick lookups
   for (const filing of filings) {
@@ -29,21 +43,23 @@ export function updateFilingsWithNewFindings(
       findings: [],
     }
     for (const finding of filing.findings) {
-      findingKeys[getFindingKey(finding)] = getFilingKey(filing)
+      findingKeys[getFindingKey(finding, groupBy)] = getFilingKey(filing)
     }
   }
 
   for (const finding of findings) {
-    const filingKey = findingKeys[getFindingKey(finding)]
+    const key = getFindingKey(finding, groupBy)
+    const filingKey = findingKeys[key]
     if (filingKey) {
       // This finding already has an associated filing; add it to that filing's findings
       ;(filingKeys[filingKey] as RepeatedFiling).findings.push(finding)
+    } else if (newFilingKeys[key]) {
+      newFilingKeys[key].findings.push(finding)
     } else {
-      // This finding is new; create a new entry with no associated issue yet
-      newFilings.push({findings: [finding]})
+      newFilingKeys[key] = {findings: [finding]}
     }
   }
 
   const updatedFilings = Object.values(filingKeys)
-  return [...updatedFilings, ...newFilings]
+  return [...updatedFilings, ...Object.values(newFilingKeys)]
 }
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/tests/dryRun.test.ts b/.github/actions/file/tests/dryRun.test.ts
index f5fdf2b..8afea3d 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/tests/dryRun.test.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/tests/dryRun.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ vi.mock('../src/closeIssue.js', () => ({closeIssue: (...args: unknown[]) => clos
 const inputs: Record<string, string> = {}
 const infoLines: string[] = []
 const outputs: Record<string, string> = {}
+const failedMessages: string[] = []
 vi.mock('@actions/core', () => ({
   getInput: (name: string) => inputs[name] ?? '',
   getBooleanInput: (name: string) => (inputs[name] ?? 'false') === 'true',
@@ -23,7 +24,9 @@ vi.mock('@actions/core', () => ({
   },
   debug: () => {},
   warning: () => {},
-  setFailed: () => {},
+  setFailed: (msg: string) => {
+    failedMessages.push(msg)
+  },
 }))
 
 // --- Mock fs: feed findings/cached filings in, swallow the output write ---
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ describe('file action — dry_run', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks()
     infoLines.length = 0
+    failedMessages.length = 0
     for (const k of Object.keys(inputs)) delete inputs[k]
     for (const k of Object.keys(outputs)) delete outputs[k]
     vi.spyOn(console, 'table').mockImplementation(() => {})
@@ -194,4 +198,35 @@ describe('file action — dry_run', () => {
     expect(reopenIssue).toHaveBeenCalled()
     expect(closeIssue).toHaveBeenCalled()
   })
+
+  it("group_by 'rule' collapses multiple same-rule findings into a single OPEN", async () => {
+    // Three brand-new color-contrast findings across two URLs, no cached filings.
+    const ccA1 = {...finding, url: 'https://example.com/a', html: '<span>1</span>'}
+    const ccA2 = {...finding, url: 'https://example.com/a', html: '<span>2</span>'}
+    const ccB1 = {...finding, url: 'https://example.com/b', html: '<span>3</span>'}
+    files['/tmp/findings.json'] = JSON.stringify([ccA1, ccA2, ccB1])
+    files['/tmp/cached.json'] = JSON.stringify([])
+    inputs.findings_file = '/tmp/findings.json'
+    inputs.cached_filings_file = '/tmp/cached.json'
+    inputs.repository = 'org/repo'
+    inputs.token = 'fake-token'
+    inputs.dry_run = 'true'
+    inputs.group_by = 'rule'
+
+    await runFileAction()
+
+    expect(vi.mocked(console.table)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({open: 1}))
+  })
+
+  it('fails fast on an invalid group_by value', async () => {
+    setup()
+    inputs.group_by = 'bogus'
+
+    await runFileAction()
+
+    expect(failedMessages.join('\n')).toContain("Invalid 'group_by' value: 'bogus'")
+    expect(openIssue).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(reopenIssue).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(closeIssue).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
 })
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/tests/generateIssueBody.test.ts b/.github/actions/file/tests/generateIssueBody.test.ts
index 7fbabe5..8341438 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/tests/generateIssueBody.test.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/tests/generateIssueBody.test.ts
@@ -78,6 +78,21 @@ describe('generateIssueBody', () => {
     expect(body).not.toContain('flagged the element')
   })
 
+  it('omits the Occurrences section for a single finding', () => {
+    const body = generateIssueBody(baseFinding, 'github/accessibility-scanner')
+
+    expect(body).not.toContain('Other Occurrences')
+  })
+
+  it('renders an Occurrences checklist when given multiple findings', () => {
+    const second = {...baseFinding, url: 'https://example.com/other', html: '<a>Link</a>'}
+    const body = generateIssueBody([baseFinding, second], 'github/accessibility-scanner')
+
+    expect(body).toContain('## 2 Other Occurrences:')
+    expect(body).toContain(`- [ ] \`${baseFinding.html}\` on ${baseFinding.url}`)
+    expect(body).toContain(`- [ ] \`${second.html}\` on ${second.url}`)
+  })
+
   it('omits the category notice for WCAG findings', () => {
     expect(generateIssueBody(baseFinding, 'github/accessibility-scanner')).not.toContain('> [!NOTE]')
     expect(generateIssueBody({...baseFinding, category: 'wcag'}, 'github/accessibility-scanner')).not.toContain(
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/tests/openIssue.test.ts b/.github/actions/file/tests/openIssue.test.ts
index e9cb46f..890f843 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/tests/openIssue.test.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/tests/openIssue.test.ts
@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ function mockOctokit() {
 describe('openIssue', () => {
   it('passes screenshotRepo to generateIssueBody when provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', baseFinding, 'org/workflow-repo')
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', [baseFinding], 'org/workflow-repo')
 
-    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith(baseFinding, 'org/workflow-repo')
+    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith([baseFinding], 'org/workflow-repo')
   })
 
   it('falls back to repoWithOwner when screenshotRepo is not provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', baseFinding)
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', [baseFinding])
 
-    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith(baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo')
+    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith([baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo')
   })
 
   it('posts to the correct filing repo, not the screenshot repo', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', baseFinding, 'org/workflow-repo')
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/filing-repo', [baseFinding], 'org/workflow-repo')
 
     expect(octokit.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'POST /repos/org/filing-repo/issues',
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe('openIssue', () => {
 
   it('includes the correct labels based on the finding', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', baseFinding)
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', [baseFinding])
 
     expect(octokit.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ describe('openIssue', () => {
 
   it('adds a category label for non-WCAG findings', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', {...baseFinding, category: 'best-practice'})
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', [{...baseFinding, category: 'best-practice'}])
 
     expect(octokit.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe('openIssue', () => {
 
   it('does not add a category label for WCAG findings', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', {...baseFinding, category: 'wcag'})
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', [{...baseFinding, category: 'wcag'}])
 
     const labels = octokit.request.mock.calls[0][1].labels
     expect(labels).not.toContain('wcag')
@@ -93,10 +93,20 @@ describe('openIssue', () => {
       ...baseFinding,
       problemShort: 'a'.repeat(300),
     }
-    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', longFinding)
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', [longFinding])
 
     const callArgs = octokit.request.mock.calls[0][1]
     expect(callArgs.title.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(256)
     expect(callArgs.title).toMatch(/…$/)
   })
+
+  it('includes an occurrence count in the title when grouping multiple findings', async () => {
+    const octokit = mockOctokit()
+    const second = {...baseFinding, url: 'https://example.com/other', html: '<span>Another</span>'}
+    await openIssue(octokit, 'org/repo', [baseFinding, second])
+
+    const callArgs = octokit.request.mock.calls[0][1]
+    expect(callArgs.title).toContain('(2 occurrences)')
+    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith([baseFinding, second], 'org/repo')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/tests/reopenIssue.test.ts b/.github/actions/file/tests/reopenIssue.test.ts
index f5b34ef..a739a3f 100644
--- a/.github/actions/file/tests/reopenIssue.test.ts
+++ b/.github/actions/file/tests/reopenIssue.test.ts
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ describe('reopenIssue', () => {
 
   it('passes screenshotRepo to generateIssueBody when provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
+    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, [baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
 
-    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith(baseFinding, 'org/workflow-repo')
+    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith([baseFinding], 'org/workflow-repo')
   })
 
   it('falls back to repoWithOwner when screenshotRepo is not provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo')
+    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, [baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo')
 
-    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith(baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo')
+    expect(generateIssueBody).toHaveBeenCalledWith([baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo')
   })
 
   it('does not generate a body when finding is not provided', async () => {
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ describe('reopenIssue', () => {
 
   it('does not generate a body when repoWithOwner is not provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, baseFinding)
+    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, [baseFinding])
 
     expect(generateIssueBody).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
   })
 
   it('sends PATCH to the correct issue URL with state open', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
+    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, [baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
 
     expect(octokit.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'PATCH /repos/org/filing-repo/issues/7',
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe('reopenIssue', () => {
 
   it('includes generated body when finding and repoWithOwner are provided', async () => {
     const octokit = mockOctokit()
-    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, baseFinding, 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
+    await reopenIssue(octokit, testIssue, [baseFinding], 'org/filing-repo', 'org/workflow-repo')
 
     expect(octokit.request).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
diff --git a/.github/actions/file/tests/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.test.ts b/.github/actions/file/tests/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008e186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/file/tests/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import {describe, it, expect} from 'vitest'
+import {updateFilingsWithNewFindings} from '../src/updateFilingsWithNewFindings.ts'
+
+const colorContrastFinding = (url: string, html: string) => ({
+  scannerType: 'axe',
+  ruleId: 'color-contrast',
+  url,
+  html,
+  problemShort: 'elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds',
+  problemUrl: 'https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/color-contrast',
+  solutionShort: 'ensure sufficient contrast',
+})
+
+describe('updateFilingsWithNewFindings — group_by', () => {
+  const findings = [
+    colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>1</span>'),
+    colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>2</span>'),
+    colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/b', '<span>3</span>'),
+  ]
+
+  it("defaults to 'finding': one filing per individual violation", () => {
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings([], findings)
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(3)
+    for (const filing of result) expect(filing.findings).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  it("'rule': collapses all occurrences of a rule into a single filing", () => {
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings([], findings, 'rule')
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].findings).toHaveLength(3)
+  })
+
+  it("'rule+url': one filing per rule per URL", () => {
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings([], findings, 'rule+url')
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    const counts = result.map(f => f.findings.length).sort()
+    expect(counts).toEqual([1, 2]) // 2 on /a, 1 on /b
+  })
+
+  it("'rule': appends new occurrences to an existing cached filing instead of opening a new issue", () => {
+    const cached = [
+      {
+        issue: {
+          id: 1,
+          nodeId: 'N1',
+          url: 'https://github.com/org/repo/issues/1',
+          title: 'color-contrast',
+        },
+        findings: [colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>1</span>')],
+      },
+    ]
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings(cached, findings, 'rule')
+    // No brand-new filing; all three findings attach to the cached issue.
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].issue?.url).toBe('https://github.com/org/repo/issues/1')
+    expect(result[0].findings).toHaveLength(3)
+  })
+
+  it("keeps distinct rules separate under 'rule'", () => {
+    const mixed = [
+      colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>1</span>'),
+      {...colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<h3>x</h3>'), ruleId: 'heading-order'},
+    ]
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings([], mixed, 'rule')
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+  })
+
+  it("'rule': does not merge findings from different scanners that share a ruleId", () => {
+    const a = {
+      ...colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>1</span>'),
+      scannerType: 'axe',
+      ruleId: 'duplicate-id',
+    }
+    const b = {
+      ...colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>2</span>'),
+      scannerType: 'reflow',
+      ruleId: 'duplicate-id',
+    }
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings([], [a, b], 'rule')
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+  })
+
+  it("'finding' (default) preserves the original 1:1 behavior with cached filings", () => {
+    const cached = [
+      {
+        issue: {
+          id: 1,
+          nodeId: 'N1',
+          url: 'https://github.com/org/repo/issues/1',
+          title: 'color-contrast',
+        },
+        findings: [colorContrastFinding('https://example.com/a', '<span>1</span>')],
+      },
+    ]
+    const result = updateFilingsWithNewFindings(cached, findings)
+    // One repeated filing (issues/1) plus two brand-new filings.
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(3)
+    const repeated = result.find(f => f.issue?.url === 'https://github.com/org/repo/issues/1')
+    expect(repeated?.findings).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5c57745..0e34735 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           # skip_copilot_assignment: false # Optional: Set to true to skip assigning issues to GitHub Copilot (or if you don't have GitHub Copilot)
           # include_screenshots: false # Optional: Set to true to capture screenshots and include links to them in filed issues
           # open_grouped_issues: false # Optional: Set to true to open an issue grouping individual issues per violation
+          # group_by: finding # Optional: 'finding' (default, one issue per violation), 'rule' (one per rule), or 'rule+url' (one per rule per URL)
           # file_best_practice_issues: true # Optional: Set to false to stop filing new issues for best-practice findings (recommendations that are not hard WCAG failures)
           # file_experimental_issues: true # Optional: Set to false to stop filing new issues for experimental findings (checks that are not yet stable)
           # dry_run: false # Optional: Set to true to scan and log what would be filed without creating/closing issues or writing the cache
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ Trigger the workflow manually or automatically based on your configuration. The
 
 | Input                       | Required | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Example                                                                     |
 | --------------------------- | -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `urls`                      | No     | Newline-delimited list of URLs to scan. Required unless `url_configs` is provided.                                                                                                                                                                               | `https://primer.style`<br>`https://primer.style/octicons`                   |
+| `urls`                      | No\*     | Newline-delimited list of URLs to scan. Required unless `url_configs` is provided.                                                                                                                                                                               | `https://primer.style`<br>`https://primer.style/octicons`                   |
 | `repository`                | Yes      | Repository (with owner) for issues and PRs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | `primer/primer-docs`                                                        |
 | `token`                     | Yes      | PAT with write permissions (see above)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}`                                                   |
 | `cache_key`                 | Yes      | Key for caching results across runs<br>Allowed: `A-Za-z0-9._/-`                                                                                                                                                                                                  | `cached_results-primer.style-main.json`                                     |
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ Trigger the workflow manually or automatically based on your configuration. The
 | `skip_copilot_assignment`   | No       | Whether to skip assigning filed issues to GitHub Copilot. Set to `true` if you don't have GitHub Copilot or prefer to handle issues manually                                                                                                                     | `true`                                                                      |
 | `include_screenshots`       | No       | Whether to capture screenshots of scanned pages and include links to them in filed issues. Screenshots are stored on the `gh-cache` branch of the repository running the workflow. Default: `false`                                                              | `true`                                                                      |
 | `open_grouped_issues`       | No       | Whether to create a tracking issue which groups filed issues together by violation type. Default: `false`                                                                                                                                                        | `true`                                                                      |
+| `group_by`                  | No       | How to consolidate findings when filing issues: `finding` (one issue per individual violation), `rule` (one issue per rule, aggregating every occurrence across all scanned URLs), or `rule+url` (one issue per rule per scanned URL). Default: `finding`        | `rule`                                                                      |
 | `file_best_practice_issues` | No       | Whether to file issues for best-practice findings (accessibility recommendations that are not hard WCAG failures). Set to `false` to suppress new best-practice issues; existing ones are left untouched. Default: `true`                                        | `false`                                                                     |
 | `file_experimental_issues`  | No       | Whether to file issues for experimental findings (checks that are not yet stable). Set to `false` to suppress new experimental issues; existing ones are left untouched. Default: `true`                                                                         | `false`                                                                     |
 | `reduced_motion`            | No       | Playwright `reducedMotion` setting for scan contexts. Allowed values: `reduce`, `no-preference`                                                                                                                                                                  | `reduce`                                                                    |
diff --git a/action.yml b/action.yml
index 9c3052b..02cc58c 100644
--- a/action.yml
+++ b/action.yml
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ inputs:
     description: "In the 'file' step, also open grouped issues which link to all issues with the same problem"
     required: false
     default: 'false'
+  group_by:
+    description: "How to group findings into issues: 'finding' (one issue per violation, default), 'rule' (one issue per rule), or 'rule+url' (one issue per rule per scanned URL)."
+    required: false
+    default: 'finding'
   file_best_practice_issues:
     description: 'File issues for best-practice findings (accessibility recommendations that are not hard WCAG failures). Disabling suppresses new issues while existing ones are left untouched.'
     required: false
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ runs:
         cached_filings_file: ${{ steps.normalize_cache.outputs.cached_filings_file }}
         screenshot_repository: ${{ github.repository }}
         open_grouped_issues: ${{ inputs.open_grouped_issues }}
+        group_by: ${{ inputs.group_by }}
         dry_run: ${{ inputs.dry_run }}
         file_best_practice_issues: ${{ inputs.file_best_practice_issues }}
         file_experimental_issues: ${{ inputs.file_experimental_issues }}