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Versioned Registry Specification

Status: Implemented Issue: turnkey-xcpo Author: Claude Date: 2026-01-20

Overview

This document specifies the interface for versioned toolchain registries in Turnkey. A registry is a Nix flake that provides multiple versions of toolchains, allowing projects to pin specific tool versions.

Goals

  1. Version pinning: Projects can request specific toolchain versions (e.g., Go 1.22, Python 3.12)
  2. Reproducibility: Same toolchain.toml produces same environment across machines
  3. Composability: Multiple registries can be combined (e.g., official + custom)
  4. Simplicity: Simple cases remain simple (no version = sensible default)

Non-Goals

  1. Version resolution/constraints: No semver ranges like >=1.22 <2.0. Exact versions only.
  2. Automatic updates: Registry versions are pinned via flake.lock, not auto-updated.
  3. Cross-platform version mapping: Each system provides its own versions.

Registry Flake Interface

A valid registry flake MUST expose an overlay that adds toolchains to the turnkeyRegistry attribute in pkgs. To ensure correct composition, registries SHOULD use the mkRegistryOverlay helper provided by Turnkey.

Core Structure

{
  overlays.default = turnkey.lib.mkRegistryOverlay (final: prev: {
    <toolchain-name> = {
      versions = {
        "<version-string>" = <derivation>;
        "<version-string>" = <derivation>;
        # ...
      };
      default = "<version-string>";  # REQUIRED: must match a key in versions
    };
    # ...
  });
}

The function receives both final (for dependencies) and prev (for overrides), just like a standard Nix overlay.

The mkRegistryOverlay Helper

Turnkey provides a helper function that handles two-level merging:

  1. Toolchain level: New toolchains are added, existing toolchains are merged
  2. Version level: Versions are combined additively, default is overridden
# Provided by turnkey
lib.mkRegistryOverlay = packagesFn: final: prev:
  let
    prevRegistry = prev.turnkeyRegistry or {};
    newPackages = packagesFn final prev;  # Both final and prev available

    # Merge a single toolchain: combine versions, override default
    mergeToolchain = name: new:
      let
        existing = prevRegistry.${name} or null;
      in
        if existing == null then new
        else {
          versions = (existing.versions or {}) // (new.versions or {});
          default = if new ? default then new.default else existing.default;
        };
  in {
    turnkeyRegistry = prevRegistry // (builtins.mapAttrs mergeToolchain newPackages);
  };

Why This Design?

  1. Safe composition: The helper ensures correct merging - registry authors can't forget the pattern
  2. Additive versions: Multiple registries can contribute versions to the same toolchain
  3. Predictable overrides: Later overlays override default, not clobber entire toolchains
  4. Full overlay power: Both final and prev available for package references and overrides
  5. Lazy evaluation: Only requested toolchains are evaluated

Example Registry Flake

{
  description = "Turnkey official toolchain registry";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
  };

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, turnkey }: {
    overlays.default = turnkey.lib.mkRegistryOverlay (final: prev: {
      go = {
        versions = {
          "1.21" = final.go_1_21;
          "1.22" = final.go_1_22;
          "1.23" = final.go_1_23;
        };
        default = "1.23";
      };

      python = {
        versions = {
          "3.11" = final.python311;
          "3.12" = final.python312;
          "3.13" = final.python313;
        };
        default = "3.12";
      };

      rust = {
        versions = {
          # Use final.rust-bin if rust-overlay composed before us
          "1.75" = final.rustc;
          "1.76" = final.rustc;
          "1.77" = final.rustc;
        };
        default = "1.77";
      };

      nodejs = {
        versions = {
          "18" = final.nodejs_18;
          "20" = final.nodejs_20;
          "22" = final.nodejs_22;
        };
        default = "20";  # LTS
      };
    });
  };
}

Composing Registries

Multiple registries compose via overlay stacking. The mkRegistryOverlay helper ensures versions are merged additively:

{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
    turnkey-registry.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey-registry";
    rust-overlay.url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
    my-registry.url = "github:myorg/my-toolchain-registry";
  };

  outputs = { nixpkgs, turnkey-registry, rust-overlay, my-registry, ... }:
    let
      # Compose overlays - versions merge, defaults override
      pkgs = import nixpkgs {
        system = "x86_64-linux";
        overlays = [
          rust-overlay.overlays.default      # Provides rust-bin
          turnkey-registry.overlays.default  # Official registry (uses rust-bin)
          my-registry.overlays.default       # Adds versions, may change defaults
        ];
      };
    in {
      # pkgs.turnkeyRegistry has merged toolchains from all registries
    };
}

Composition Example

# Official registry provides:
go = {
  versions = { "1.21" = ...; "1.22" = ...; };
  default = "1.22";
};

# Custom registry adds Go 1.23, a patched 1.22, and changes default:
overlays.default = turnkey.lib.mkRegistryOverlay (final: prev: {
  go = {
    versions = {
      "1.23" = final.go_1_23;
      # Override nixpkgs package with a patch
      "1.22-patched" = prev.go_1_22.overrideAttrs (old: {
        patches = old.patches or [] ++ [ ./my-fix.patch ];
      });
    };
    default = "1.23";
  };

  # Add a new toolchain
  zig = {
    versions = { "0.11" = final.zig; };
    default = "0.11";
  };
});

# Result after composition:
go = {
  versions = { "1.21" = ...; "1.22" = ...; "1.22-patched" = ...; "1.23" = ...; };  # Merged!
  default = "1.23";  # Overridden
};
zig = {
  versions = { "0.11" = ...; };
  default = "0.11";
};

Constraints

  1. versions: Attribute set mapping version strings to Nix derivations
  2. default: String that MUST be a key in versions
  3. Version strings: Freeform, but SHOULD follow the upstream versioning scheme
    • Go: "1.21", "1.22", "1.23"
    • Python: "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"
    • Node.js: "18", "20", "22" (major only, following LTS convention)
    • Rust: "1.75", "1.76", "1.77"

toolchain.toml Syntax

Simple (use default version)

[toolchains]
go = {}
python = {}

Explicit version

[toolchains]
go = { version = "1.22" }
python = { version = "3.11" }
nodejs = { version = "20" }

Mixed

[toolchains]
go = { version = "1.22" }   # Pinned to 1.22
python = {}                  # Use registry default
rust = { version = "1.75" }  # Pinned to 1.75

Resolution Algorithm

When Turnkey processes toolchain.toml:

for each toolchain in toolchain.toml:
    1. Look up toolchain name in registry.packages.${system}
    2. If not found: ERROR "Unknown toolchain: <name>"

    3. If version specified in toolchain.toml:
        a. Look up version in registry.packages.${system}.<name>.versions
        b. If not found: ERROR "Unknown version '<version>' for toolchain '<name>'. Available: <list>"
        c. Use that derivation

    4. If no version specified:
        a. Use registry.packages.${system}.<name>.default to get version string
        b. Look up that version in .versions
        c. Use that derivation

Turnkey Integration

flake.nix Configuration

{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
    turnkey-registry.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey-registry";
    rust-overlay.url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
    # Optional: custom registry
    # my-registry.url = "github:myorg/my-toolchain-registry";
  };

  outputs = { nixpkgs, turnkey, turnkey-registry, rust-overlay, ... }:
    flake-parts.lib.mkFlake { inherit inputs; } {
      imports = [ turnkey.flakeModules.turnkey ];

      perSystem = { system, ... }:
        let
          pkgs = import nixpkgs {
            inherit system;
            overlays = [
              rust-overlay.overlays.default           # Provides rust-bin
              turnkey-registry.overlays.default       # Official registry
              # my-registry.overlays.default          # Custom additions (versions merge!)
            ];
          };
        in {
          turnkey = {
            enable = true;
            declarationFile = ./toolchain.toml;
            # Registry comes from pkgs.turnkeyRegistry (added by overlays)
          };

          # pkgs is available with turnkeyRegistry
          _module.args.pkgs = pkgs;
        };
    };
}

How Turnkey Resolves Toolchains

  1. Turnkey reads toolchain.toml
  2. For each toolchain, looks up pkgs.turnkeyRegistry.<name>
  3. Resolves version (explicit or default)
  4. Returns the derivation

Turnkey provides lib.resolveTool and lib.resolveToolchains for this.

Note: Library functions require pkgs and are exported per-system: turnkey.lib.${system}.resolveTool, not turnkey.lib.resolveTool.

# Resolve a single tool — turnkey.lib.${system}.resolveTool
resolveTool = registry: name: spec:
  let
    entry = registry.${name} or (throw "Unknown toolchain: ${name}");
    version = spec.version or entry.default;
    availableVersions = builtins.attrNames entry.versions;
    versionEntry = entry.versions.${version}
      or (throw ''
        Version '${version}' of toolchain '${name}' is not available.

        Available versions for '${name}':
          ${builtins.concatStringsSep "\n    " (
            map (v: if v == entry.default then "- ${v} (default)" else "- ${v}") availableVersions
          )}
      '');
  in warnIfNeeded name version versionEntry;

# Resolve all toolchains from a toolchain.toml declaration — returns a list of packages
resolveToolchains = registry: declaration: ...;

# Usage:
go = turnkey.lib.${system}.resolveTool pkgs.turnkeyRegistry "go" { version = "1.22"; };
packages = turnkey.lib.${system}.resolveToolchains pkgs.turnkeyRegistry toolchainDeclaration;

Both functions support extended version entries with deprecation/EOL metadata (see Open Questions §2 below) and emit warnings via lib.warn.

Backward Compatibility

The current flat registry format:

{ go = pkgs.go; python = pkgs.python3; }

Is auto-wrapped to versioned format internally by the flake-parts module via normalizeRegistry. This function detects whether an entry already has versions/default attributes and converts flat entries (plain derivations) to versioned format:

# Internal to nix/flake-parts/turnkey/default.nix — not exported as a library function
normalizeEntry = entry:
  if entry ? versions && entry ? default then entry  # Already versioned
  else { versions = { "default" = entry; }; default = "default"; };  # Flat → versioned

normalizeRegistry = reg: builtins.mapAttrs (_name: normalizeEntry) reg;

This allows consumers to pass either flat or versioned registries — the module handles both transparently.


Open Questions

1. Version Aliases

Resolved: Not needed as a separate construct.

Version strings are freeform, so aliases can simply be defined as version entries:

go = {
  versions = {
    "1.21" = final.go_1_21;
    "1.22" = final.go_1_22;
    "1.23" = final.go_1_23;
    "latest" = final.go_1_23;  # Alias is just another entry
    "lts" = final.go_1_22;
  };
  default = "1.23";
};

This keeps the design simple while supporting the use case.

2. Metadata (Deprecation, EOL)

Implemented: Version entries can include deprecation and EOL metadata.

Version entries support two formats:

  1. Plain derivation (existing): "1.23" = final.go_1_23;
  2. Extended with metadata (new):
    "1.22" = {
      package = final.go_1_22;
      deprecated = true;
      deprecationMessage = "Use 1.23 instead";
      eol = "2025-02-01";
    };

Metadata Fields:

  • package (required for extended format): The actual derivation
  • deprecated (bool, optional): Mark version as deprecated
  • deprecationMessage (string, optional): Migration guidance shown in warning
  • eol (string, optional): End-of-life date in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD)

Behavior:

  • Warnings emitted via lib.warn during Nix evaluation when:
    • deprecated = true is set
    • EOL date has passed (compared against current date)
  • Warnings include toolchain name, version, and any migration guidance
  • Set TURNKEY_NO_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS=1 to suppress all deprecation warnings

Example with warnings:

warning: DEPRECATED: Toolchain 'go' version '1.21' is deprecated.
  Use 1.22 or later instead
warning: EOL: Toolchain 'python' version '3.9' reached end-of-life on 2025-10-01.

Backward Compatibility: Plain derivation entries continue to work unchanged. Detection is based on the presence of the package attribute.

See implementation: nix/lib/default.nix

3. Toolchain Groups (Meta-Packages)

Some toolchains are bundles (rust = rustc + cargo + clippy + rustfmt). These should be handled as meta-packages - single entries that combine multiple related tools.

Benefits:

  • Fewer entries in toolchain.toml (rust = {} instead of 5 entries)
  • Enforced version consistency across components
  • Simpler mental model ("rust 1.91" is one thing)

Implementation: Turnkey provides mkMetaPackage helper:

mkMetaPackage = { name, components }:
  pkgs.symlinkJoin {
    inherit name;
    paths = builtins.attrValues components;
    passthru = {
      inherit components;
    } // components;  # Allows introspection via e.g. rust.rustc
  };

Usage in registry:

rust = {
  versions = {
    "1.91" = turnkey.lib.mkMetaPackage {
      name = "rust-1.91";
      components = {
        rustc = final.rust-bin.stable."1.91.0".minimal;
        cargo = final.rust-bin.stable."1.91.0".minimal;
        clippy = final.rust-bin.stable."1.91.0".clippy;
        rustfmt = final.rust-bin.stable."1.91.0".rustfmt;
        rust-analyzer = final.rust-analyzer;
      };
    };
  };
  default = "1.91";
};

go = {
  versions = {
    "1.23" = turnkey.lib.mkMetaPackage {
      name = "go-1.23";
      components = {
        go = final.go_1_23;
        gopls = final.gopls;
        golangci-lint = final.golangci-lint;
      };
    };
  };
  default = "1.23";
};

Result:

  • Single derivation with all binaries in $out/bin
  • All tools in PATH when package is added to environment
  • Components accessible via rust.components.rustc or rust.rustc for introspection
  • Buck2 system toolchains work normally (tools found in PATH)

4. Registry Composition

Resolved: Using mkRegistryOverlay helper with two-level merging.

overlays = [
  rust-overlay.overlays.default      # Provides rust-bin
  turnkey-registry.overlays.default  # Uses rust-bin, adds turnkeyRegistry
  my-registry.overlays.default       # Versions merge, defaults override
];

The helper handles merging automatically - registry authors just define their packages.

5. Per-System Version Availability

Resolved: Registry providers are responsible for per-system availability.

Not all versions may be available on all systems (e.g., old Go on ARM). Registries should only include versions they can provide for each system.

When a requested version doesn't exist, Turnkey MUST provide a clear error:

Error: Version '1.19' of toolchain 'go' is not available for system 'aarch64-darwin'.

Available versions for 'go' on this system:
  - 1.21
  - 1.22
  - 1.23 (default)

Hint: Check if this version is supported on your platform, or use a different version.

Migration Path

Phase 1: Spec Finalization

  • Finalize this specification
  • Get feedback on interface design

Phase 2: Registry Implementation

  • Create turnkey-registry flake with versioned packages
  • Cover Go, Python, Rust, Node.js initially

Phase 3: Turnkey Integration

  • Update Turnkey to consume versioned registries
  • Add backward compatibility wrapper for flat registries
  • Update toolchain.toml parsing for version attribute

Phase 4: Documentation

  • Update user manual with versioned examples
  • Document how to create custom registries

Example: Full Registry Flake

See appendix for a complete example registry flake implementation.


Appendix: Complete Registry Example

# flake.nix for turnkey-registry
{
  description = "Official Turnkey toolchain registry with versioned packages";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
    # Note: rust-overlay is NOT an input here - consumers compose it themselves
  };

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, turnkey }: {
    # The registry uses mkRegistryOverlay for safe composition
    overlays.default = turnkey.lib.mkRegistryOverlay (final: prev: {
      # =====================================================================
      # Go
      # =====================================================================
      go = {
        versions = {
          "1.21" = final.go_1_21;
          "1.22" = final.go_1_22;
          "1.23" = final.go_1_23;
        };
        default = "1.23";
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # Python
      # =====================================================================
      python = {
        versions = {
          "3.10" = final.python310;
          "3.11" = final.python311;
          "3.12" = final.python312;
          "3.13" = final.python313;
        };
        default = "3.12";
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # Rust (meta-package: rustc + cargo + clippy + rustfmt + rust-analyzer)
      # Uses final.rust-bin if rust-overlay is composed before this overlay.
      # =====================================================================
      rust =
        let
          mkRustMeta = version: turnkey.lib.mkMetaPackage {
            name = "rust-${version}";
            components = {
              rustc = final.rust-bin.stable."${version}.0".minimal;
              cargo = final.rust-bin.stable."${version}.0".minimal;
              clippy = final.rust-bin.stable."${version}.0".clippy;
              rustfmt = final.rust-bin.stable."${version}.0".rustfmt;
              rust-analyzer = final.rust-analyzer;
            };
          };
        in {
          versions =
            if final ? rust-bin then {
              "1.75" = mkRustMeta "1.75";
              "1.76" = mkRustMeta "1.76";
              "1.77" = mkRustMeta "1.77";
              "1.78" = mkRustMeta "1.78";
              "1.79" = mkRustMeta "1.79";
              "1.80" = mkRustMeta "1.80";
            } else {
              # Fallback to nixpkgs (single version, no meta-package)
              "nixpkgs" = final.rustc;
            };
          default = if final ? rust-bin then "1.80" else "nixpkgs";
        };

      # =====================================================================
      # Node.js
      # =====================================================================
      nodejs = {
        versions = {
          "18" = final.nodejs_18;
          "20" = final.nodejs_20;
          "22" = final.nodejs_22;
        };
        default = "20";  # Current LTS
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # TypeScript
      # =====================================================================
      typescript = {
        versions = {
          "5" = final.nodePackages.typescript;
        };
        default = "5";
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # Build tools (typically single "latest" version)
      # =====================================================================
      buck2 = {
        versions."latest" = final.buck2;
        default = "latest";
      };

      biome = {
        versions."latest" = final.biome;
        default = "latest";
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # Solidity
      # =====================================================================
      solc = {
        versions."latest" = final.solc;
        default = "latest";
      };

      foundry = {
        versions."latest" = final.foundry;
        default = "latest";
      };

      # =====================================================================
      # Data templating
      # =====================================================================
      jsonnet = {
        versions."latest" = final.go-jsonnet or final.jsonnet;
        default = "latest";
      };
    });
  };
}

Turnkey's Library Functions

Turnkey provides these helpers in turnkey.lib.${system} (per-system, since they require pkgs).

See implementation: nix/lib/default.nix

# nix/lib/default.nix
{ lib, pkgs, currentTime ? null }:
let
  # Deprecation/EOL support (internal helpers)
  suppressWarnings = builtins.getEnv "TURNKEY_NO_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS" != "";
  extractPackage = versionEntry:
    if versionEntry ? package then versionEntry.package else versionEntry;
  checkDeprecation = name: version: versionEntry: /* ... warns for deprecated/EOL entries ... */;
  warnIfNeeded = name: version: versionEntry:
    let pkg = extractPackage versionEntry;
        warning = checkDeprecation name version versionEntry;
    in if warning == null then pkg else lib.warn warning pkg;
in
{
  # Create a registry overlay with two-level merging
  # packagesFn receives both final and prev for full overlay power
  mkRegistryOverlay = packagesFn: final: prev:
    let
      prevRegistry = prev.turnkeyRegistry or { };
      newPackages = packagesFn final prev;

      mergeToolchain = name: new:
        let existing = prevRegistry.${name} or null;
        in if existing == null then new
           else {
             versions = (existing.versions or { }) // (new.versions or { });
             default = if new ? default then new.default else existing.default;
           };
    in {
      turnkeyRegistry = prevRegistry // (builtins.mapAttrs mergeToolchain newPackages);
    };

  # Create a meta-package combining multiple components
  # All component binaries end up in $out/bin, available in PATH
  mkMetaPackage = { name, components }:
    pkgs.symlinkJoin {
      inherit name;
      paths = builtins.attrValues components;
      passthru = { inherit components; } // components;
    };

  # Resolve a single toolchain from registry
  # Supports extended version entries with deprecation/EOL metadata
  resolveTool = registry: name: spec:
    let
      entry = registry.${name} or (throw "Unknown toolchain: ${name}");
      version = spec.version or entry.default;
      availableVersions = builtins.attrNames entry.versions;
      versionEntry = entry.versions.${version}
        or (throw ''
          Version '${version}' of toolchain '${name}' is not available.

          Available versions for '${name}':
            ${builtins.concatStringsSep "\n    " (
              map (v: if v == entry.default then "- ${v} (default)" else "- ${v}") availableVersions
            )}
        '');
    in warnIfNeeded name version versionEntry;

  # Resolve all toolchains from a toolchain.toml declaration
  # Returns a list of packages
  resolveToolchains = registry: declaration:
    let
      toolchains = declaration.toolchains or { };
      resolveOne = name: spec:
        let
          entry = registry.${name} or (throw "Unknown toolchain '${name}' in toolchain.toml");
          version = spec.version or entry.default;
          availableVersions = builtins.attrNames entry.versions;
          versionEntry = entry.versions.${version}
            or (throw ''
              Version '${version}' of toolchain '${name}' is not available.

              Available versions for '${name}':
                ${builtins.concatStringsSep "\n    " (
                  map (v: if v == entry.default then "- ${v} (default)" else "- ${v}") availableVersions
                )}

              Requested in: toolchain.toml
            '');
        in warnIfNeeded name version versionEntry;
    in lib.mapAttrsToList resolveOne toolchains;
}

Note: Legacy registry wrapping is handled internally by the flake-parts module (normalizeRegistry in nix/flake-parts/turnkey/default.nix), not exported as a library function.

Usage Example

# Consumer's flake.nix
{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
    turnkey-registry.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey-registry";
    rust-overlay.url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
  };

  outputs = { nixpkgs, turnkey, turnkey-registry, rust-overlay, ... }:
    let
      system = "x86_64-linux";
      pkgs = import nixpkgs {
        inherit system;
        overlays = [
          rust-overlay.overlays.default      # Add rust-bin first
          turnkey-registry.overlays.default  # Registry can use rust-bin
        ];
      };

      # Library functions are per-system (they require pkgs)
      tkLib = turnkey.lib.${system};

      # Resolve Go 1.22
      go = tkLib.resolveTool pkgs.turnkeyRegistry "go" { version = "1.22"; };

      # Resolve Rust (uses default from registry)
      rust = tkLib.resolveTool pkgs.turnkeyRegistry "rust" {};

      # Resolve all toolchains from toolchain.toml at once
      allTools = tkLib.resolveToolchains pkgs.turnkeyRegistry
        (builtins.fromTOML (builtins.readFile ./toolchain.toml));
    in {
      # ...
    };
}

Custom Registry Example

# my-org-registry/flake.nix
{
  description = "My organization's custom toolchain registry";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    turnkey.url = "github:firefly-engineering/turnkey";
  };

  outputs = { turnkey, ... }: {
    # Adds to/extends any previously composed registry
    overlays.default = turnkey.lib.mkRegistryOverlay (final: prev: {
      # Add Go 1.24 and make it the new default
      go = {
        versions = { "1.24" = final.go_1_24; };
        default = "1.24";
      };

      # Add a patched version of Python
      python = {
        versions = {
          "3.12-patched" = prev.python312.overrideAttrs (old: {
            patches = old.patches or [] ++ [ ./python-fix.patch ];
          });
        };
        # Don't set default - keep the one from official registry
      };

      # Add a toolchain not in the official registry
      zig = {
        versions = {
          "0.11" = final.zig_0_11;
          "0.12" = final.zig_0_12;
        };
        default = "0.12";
      };

      # Add internal tools
      my-internal-tool = {
        versions = { "1.0" = final.callPackage ./my-tool.nix {}; };
        default = "1.0";
      };
    });
  };
}