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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Frequent Code Issues</h1>
</div>
<p>Here are some common code issues that can cause trouble.</p>
<p><br> <br></p>
<div id="error-in-x-could-not-find-function-y-forgetting-to-load-a-library-or-misspelling-a-function-or-package" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error in x : could not find function "y"</code>: Forgetting to load a library or misspelling a function or package</strong></h2>
<p>If you get an error like: <code>Error in BLANK : could not find function "BLANK"</code></p>
<p>Then you likely forgot to load the package that the function is from or the function is misspelled.</p>
<p>This will result in an error if we don’t also run <code>library(tidyverse)</code> (which contains <code>stringr</code>) or <code>library(stringr)</code>.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>library(tidyverse) # need this!
iris %>% pull(Species) </code></pre>
<p>This will not work because <code>str_detect</code> is missing a <code>t</code> at the end:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>library(tidyverse) # need this! This can be at the top of your file
iris %>% pull(Species) %>% str_detec("setosa")</code></pre>
<p>This will not work because <code>library()</code> is misspelled:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>libary(tidyverse)
iris %>% pull(Species) %>% str_detect("setosa")</code></pre>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="why-are-my-changes-not-taking-effect-its-making-my-results-look-weird-forgetting-to-assign-your-data-to-an-object" class="section level2">
<h2><strong>Why are my changes not taking effect? It’s making my results look weird!: Forgetting to assign your data to an object</strong></h2>
<p>Often we are just printing our data and not either reassigning an existing object or creating a new object.</p>
<p>Here we are creating a new object from an existing one:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>new_tree <- trees</code></pre>
<p>If we want to modify <code>new_tree</code> and save that modified version, then we need to reassign <code>new_tree</code> like so:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>new_tree <- new_tree + 1</code></pre>
<p>Using just this will only print the result and not actually change <code>new_tree</code>:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>new_tree + 1</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Girth Height Volume
## 1 10.3 72 12.3
## 2 10.6 67 12.3
## 3 10.8 65 12.2
## 4 12.5 74 18.4
## 5 12.7 83 20.8
## 6 12.8 85 21.7
## 7 13.0 68 17.6
## 8 13.0 77 20.2
## 9 13.1 82 24.6
## 10 13.2 77 21.9
## 11 13.3 81 26.2
## 12 13.4 78 23.0
## 13 13.4 78 23.4
## 14 13.7 71 23.3
## 15 14.0 77 21.1
## 16 14.9 76 24.2
## 17 14.9 87 35.8
## 18 15.3 88 29.4
## 19 15.7 73 27.7
## 20 15.8 66 26.9
## 21 16.0 80 36.5
## 22 16.2 82 33.7
## 23 16.5 76 38.3
## 24 18.0 74 40.3
## 25 18.3 79 44.6
## 26 19.3 83 57.4
## 27 19.5 84 57.7
## 28 19.9 82 60.3
## 29 20.0 82 53.5
## 30 20.0 82 53.0
## 31 22.6 89 79.0</code></pre>
<p>If we forget to reassign this can cause subsequent steps to not work as expected because we will not be working with the data that has been modified.</p>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-object-x-not-found-forgetting-to-assign-an-object-to-start-with" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error: object 'X' not found</code>: Forgetting to assign an object to start with</strong></h2>
<p>This error is usually caused by forgetting to assign an object to start with, or not running the piece of code that assigns an object. If you never created trees2 and try to modify it like so:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>trees2 +1</code></pre>
<p>You will get the error: <code>Error: object 'trees2' not found</code></p>
<p>Make sure you run something like this, with the <code><-</code> operator:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>trees2 <- new_tree + 1</code></pre>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="why-do-i-have-a-sign-instead-of-the-cursor-in-the-console-trouble-with-parentheses" class="section level2">
<h2><strong>Why do I have a <code>+</code> sign instead of the cursor <code>></code> in the console?: Trouble with parentheses</strong></h2>
<p>You may get a <code>+</code> sign instead of the cursor <code>></code> in the console suggesting that you have not closed an open parentheses. Each instance of <code>(</code> should be followed by <code>)</code>.</p>
<p>Hit the “esc” key to restore your <code>></code>, then fix/rerun your code.</p>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-unexpected-in-...-error-unexpected-in-...-error-unexpected-x-in-...-trouble-with-parentheses" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error: unexpected ',' in ...</code>, <code>Error: unexpected ')' in ...</code>, <code>Error: unexpected 'X' in ...</code>: Trouble with parentheses</strong></h2>
<p>This error can be caused by missing parentheses. Such as:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>library(dplyr)
all_equal((trees+1, new_tree)
# should be all_equal((trees+1), new_tree)</code></pre>
<p>which will result in this error: <code>Error: unexpected ',' in "all_equal((trees+1,"</code></p>
<p>You will also often get this error if your parentheses are in the wrong place.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>library(dplyr)
all_equal((trees+1, new_tree))
# correct number of parentheses but wrong placement
# should be all_equal((trees+1), new_tree)</code></pre>
<p>If you have too many parentheses like this (the last one is extra)… you will get this error:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>all_equal((tress+1), new_tree))</code></pre>
<p><code>Error: unexpected ')' in "all_equal((trees+1), new_tree))"</code></p>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-unexpected-symbol-in-x-not-using-quotes-or-backticks-when-needed" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error: unexpected symbol in "x"</code>: Not using quotes or backticks when needed</strong></h2>
<p>You will need to use quotes for variable names that have spaces or unusual punctuation. It is best to avoid these and rename variables if a variable name has spaces.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>df_quotes</code></pre>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 3 × 2
## `The Values` names
## <dbl> <chr>
## 1 1 A
## 2 2 B
## 3 3 C</code></pre>
<p>If we want to specifically pull out the column with the variable named <code>The Values</code> we need to use quotes or back ticks.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>df_quotes %>% pull(names) # this works fine! no spaces in `names`
df_quotes %>% pull(The Values) # this does not work!
df_quotes %>% pull("The Values") # this works
df_quotes %>% pull(`The Values`) # this works</code></pre>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-unexpected-input-in-x-copypasting-quotation-marks" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error: unexpected input in "x"</code>: Copy+pasting quotation marks</strong></h2>
<p>If you copy paste code form somewhere with curly quotation marks, it will not work.</p>
<pre class="r"><code>df_quotes %>% pull("The Values") # this works
df_quotes %>% pull(“The Values”) # this doesn't work</code></pre>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-invalidate_mapping-forgetting-to-useto-addggplot2-layers" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error in</code>validate_mapping()<code>: Forgetting to use</code>+<code>to add</code>ggplot2` layers</strong></h2>
<p>This will not work:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(data = iris, aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length)) %>%
geom_boxplot()</code></pre>
<p>This will work:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(data = iris, aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length)) +
geom_boxplot()</code></pre>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="error-in.gg-usingat-the-start-of-a-line-not-the-end-of-the-previous-line-to-addggplot2-layers" class="section level2">
<h2><strong><code>Error in</code>+.gg<code>!: Using</code>+<code>at the start of a line, not the end of the previous line to add</code>ggplot2` layers</strong></h2>
<p>This will not work:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(data = iris, aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length))
+ geom_boxplot()</code></pre>
<p>This will work:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>ggplot(data = iris, aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length)) +
geom_boxplot()</code></pre>
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