From c0c092768ad673cf7978ce0e4f4c31c4824e63a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sehrish Anam <meerabazhan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 09:39:41 +0500
Subject: [PATCH] fix: replace deprecated module.parent with require.main ===
 module in examples

---
 examples/auth/index.js                | 4 ++--
 examples/content-negotiation/index.js | 2 +-
 examples/cookie-sessions/index.js     | 2 +-
 examples/cookies/index.js             | 2 +-
 examples/downloads/index.js           | 2 +-
 examples/ejs/index.js                 | 2 +-
 examples/error-pages/index.js         | 2 +-
 examples/error/index.js               | 2 +-
 examples/hello-world/index.js         | 2 +-
 examples/markdown/index.js            | 2 +-
 examples/multi-router/index.js        | 2 +-
 examples/mvc/index.js                 | 8 ++++----
 examples/online/index.js              | 2 +-
 examples/params/index.js              | 2 +-
 examples/resource/index.js            | 2 +-
 examples/route-map/index.js           | 2 +-
 examples/route-middleware/index.js    | 2 +-
 examples/route-separation/index.js    | 4 ++--
 examples/search/index.js              | 2 +-
 examples/session/index.js             | 2 +-
 examples/vhost/index.js               | 6 +++---
 examples/view-constructor/index.js    | 2 +-
 examples/view-locals/index.js         | 2 +-
 examples/web-service/index.js         | 2 +-
 24 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/auth/index.js b/examples/auth/index.js
index 7c4a572f9d3..1a4a6564e45 100644
--- a/examples/auth/index.js
+++ b/examples/auth/index.js
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ hash({ password: 'foobar' }, function (err, pass, salt, hash) {
 // Authenticate using our plain-object database of doom!
 
 function authenticate(name, pass, fn) {
-  if (!module.parent) console.log('authenticating %s:%s', name, pass);
+  if (require.main === module) console.log('authenticating %s:%s', name, pass);
   var user = users[name];
   // query the db for the given username
   if (!user) return fn(null, null)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ app.post('/login', function (req, res, next) {
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/content-negotiation/index.js b/examples/content-negotiation/index.js
index 280a4e22998..b8d821dd225 100644
--- a/examples/content-negotiation/index.js
+++ b/examples/content-negotiation/index.js
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function format(path) {
 app.get('/users', format('./users'));
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/cookie-sessions/index.js b/examples/cookie-sessions/index.js
index 83b6faee82b..26e98a0e2ea 100644
--- a/examples/cookie-sessions/index.js
+++ b/examples/cookie-sessions/index.js
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ app.get('/', function (req, res) {
 })
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/cookies/index.js b/examples/cookies/index.js
index 0620cb40e45..f500ad79f6e 100644
--- a/examples/cookies/index.js
+++ b/examples/cookies/index.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ app.post('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/downloads/index.js b/examples/downloads/index.js
index ddc549ffec7..071f0908730 100644
--- a/examples/downloads/index.js
+++ b/examples/downloads/index.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ app.get('/files/*file', function (req, res, next) {
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/ejs/index.js b/examples/ejs/index.js
index 05b451b664b..8e847914eea 100644
--- a/examples/ejs/index.js
+++ b/examples/ejs/index.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/error-pages/index.js b/examples/error-pages/index.js
index 0863120bc8f..240ae1e9d6d 100644
--- a/examples/error-pages/index.js
+++ b/examples/error-pages/index.js
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/error/index.js b/examples/error/index.js
index d733a81172d..3b9a2991e1f 100644
--- a/examples/error/index.js
+++ b/examples/error/index.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ app.get('/next', function(req, res, next){
 app.use(error);
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/hello-world/index.js b/examples/hello-world/index.js
index 8c1855c2eb7..1777329fc18 100644
--- a/examples/hello-world/index.js
+++ b/examples/hello-world/index.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/markdown/index.js b/examples/markdown/index.js
index 53e40ac38e4..bd97b92e416 100644
--- a/examples/markdown/index.js
+++ b/examples/markdown/index.js
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ app.get('/fail', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/multi-router/index.js b/examples/multi-router/index.js
index dbfd2841262..4bbb44a2cda 100644
--- a/examples/multi-router/index.js
+++ b/examples/multi-router/index.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res) {
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/mvc/index.js b/examples/mvc/index.js
index 1d8aa0e3c31..4266ea5957c 100644
--- a/examples/mvc/index.js
+++ b/examples/mvc/index.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ app.response.message = function(msg){
 };
 
 // log
-if (!module.parent) app.use(logger('dev'));
+if (require.main === module) app.use(logger('dev'));
 
 // serve static files
 app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ app.use(function(req, res, next){
 });
 
 // load controllers
-require('./lib/boot')(app, { verbose: !module.parent });
+require('./lib/boot')(app, { verbose: require.main === module });
 
 app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
   // log it
-  if (!module.parent) console.error(err.stack);
+  if (require.main === module) console.error(err.stack);
 
   // error page
   res.status(500).render('5xx');
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ app.use(function(req, res, next){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/online/index.js b/examples/online/index.js
index 0b5fdffc86a..59bf073ac2c 100644
--- a/examples/online/index.js
+++ b/examples/online/index.js
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res, next){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/params/index.js b/examples/params/index.js
index 11eef51a592..f4d9f26cef7 100644
--- a/examples/params/index.js
+++ b/examples/params/index.js
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ app.get('/users/:from-:to', function (req, res) {
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/resource/index.js b/examples/resource/index.js
index 627ab24c5a2..daec85a2871 100644
--- a/examples/resource/index.js
+++ b/examples/resource/index.js
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/route-map/index.js b/examples/route-map/index.js
index 2bc28bd4b26..72611351115 100644
--- a/examples/route-map/index.js
+++ b/examples/route-map/index.js
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ app.map({
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/route-middleware/index.js b/examples/route-middleware/index.js
index 66df511347b..3e9d4d0dbc2 100644
--- a/examples/route-middleware/index.js
+++ b/examples/route-middleware/index.js
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ app.delete('/user/:id', loadUser, andRestrictTo('admin'), function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/route-separation/index.js b/examples/route-separation/index.js
index 0a29c9421a6..c77b2d0e51a 100644
--- a/examples/route-separation/index.js
+++ b/examples/route-separation/index.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
 app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.use(logger('dev'));
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ app.put('/user/:id/edit', user.update);
 app.get('/posts', post.list);
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/search/index.js b/examples/search/index.js
index b995b8fab16..b18617c49da 100644
--- a/examples/search/index.js
+++ b/examples/search/index.js
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ app.get('/client.js', function(req, res){
 
 (async () => {
   await initializeRedis();
-  if (!module.parent) {
+  if (require.main === module) {
     app.listen(3000);
     console.log('Express started on port 3000');
   }
diff --git a/examples/session/index.js b/examples/session/index.js
index 2bb2b109c82..42618d0483d 100644
--- a/examples/session/index.js
+++ b/examples/session/index.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ app.get('/', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/vhost/index.js b/examples/vhost/index.js
index a9499356b42..ef7cc7eedfc 100644
--- a/examples/vhost/index.js
+++ b/examples/vhost/index.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ edit /etc/hosts:
 
 var main = express();
 
-if (!module.parent) main.use(logger('dev'));
+if (require.main === module) main.use(logger('dev'));
 
 main.get('/', function(req, res){
   res.send('Hello from main app!');
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ main.get('/:sub', function(req, res){
 var redirect = express();
 
 redirect.use(function(req, res){
-  if (!module.parent) console.log(req.vhost);
+  if (require.main === module) console.log(req.vhost);
   res.redirect('http://example.com:3000/' + req.vhost[0]);
 });
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ app.use(vhost('*.example.com', redirect)); // Serves all subdomains via Redirect
 app.use(vhost('example.com', main)); // Serves top level domain via Main server app
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/view-constructor/index.js b/examples/view-constructor/index.js
index 3d673670e31..271249da82e 100644
--- a/examples/view-constructor/index.js
+++ b/examples/view-constructor/index.js
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ app.get('/Readme.md', function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/view-locals/index.js b/examples/view-locals/index.js
index e6355602d4e..05bcc0ba689 100644
--- a/examples/view-locals/index.js
+++ b/examples/view-locals/index.js
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ app.all('/api/*', function(req, res, next){
 */
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }
diff --git a/examples/web-service/index.js b/examples/web-service/index.js
index d1a90362153..dc0b2634fe9 100644
--- a/examples/web-service/index.js
+++ b/examples/web-service/index.js
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ app.use(function(req, res){
 });
 
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (!module.parent) {
+if (require.main === module) {
   app.listen(3000);
   console.log('Express started on port 3000');
 }