diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml index 47876a4f02e2cb..6b9427eff1b1ff 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/main.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml @@ -259,6 +259,8 @@ jobs: image: alpine - jobname: Linux32 image: daald/ubuntu32:xenial + - jobname: pedantic + image: fedora env: jobname: ${{matrix.vector.jobname}} runs-on: ubuntu-latest diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 311841f9bed577..66189ca3cdc9f7 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ /git-grep /git-hash-object /git-help +/git-hook /git-http-backend /git-http-fetch /git-http-push @@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.* /config-list.h /command-list.h +/hook-list.h *.tar.gz *.dsc *.deb diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt index 117f4cf80645e1..199a28ab79c47e 100644 --- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt @@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ take effect. `fsck.skipList`. This option may be repeated, and these files will be processed after any files specified with the `blame.ignoreRevsFile` config option. An empty file name, `""`, will clear the list of revs from - previously processed files. + previously processed files. If `blame.ignoreRevsFileIsOptional` is true, + missing files will be silently ignored. -h:: Show help message. diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index bf82766a6a272d..0c0e6b859f1ed2 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -298,6 +298,15 @@ pathname:: tilde expansion happens to such a string: `~/` is expanded to the value of `$HOME`, and `~user/` to the specified user's home directory. ++ +If a path starts with `%(prefix)/`, the remainder is interpreted as a +path relative to Git's "runtime prefix", i.e. relative to the location +where Git itself was installed. For example, `%(prefix)/bin/` refers to +the directory in which the Git executable itself lives. If Git was +compiled without runtime prefix support, the compiled-in prefix will be +subsituted instead. In the unlikely event that a literal path needs to +be specified that should _not_ be expanded, it needs to be prefixed by +`./`, like so: `./%(prefix)/bin`. Variables diff --git a/Documentation/config/advice.txt b/Documentation/config/advice.txt index 8b2849ff7b3f5c..063eec2511d37e 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/advice.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/advice.txt @@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ advice.*:: Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects a forced update of a branch when its remote-tracking ref has updates that we do not have locally. + skippedCherryPicks:: + Shown when linkgit:git-rebase[1] skips a commit that has already + been cherry-picked onto the upstream branch. statusAheadBehind:: Shown when linkgit:git-status[1] computes the ahead/behind counts for a local ref compared to its remote tracking ref, diff --git a/Documentation/config/blame.txt b/Documentation/config/blame.txt index 4d047c17908cd6..2aae851e4b76e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/blame.txt @@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ blame.ignoreRevsFile:: file names will reset the list of ignored revisions. This option will be handled before the command line option `--ignore-revs-file`. +blame.ignoreRevsFileIsOptional:: + Silently skip missing files specified by ignoreRevsFile or the command line + option `--ignore-revs-file`. If unset, or set to false, missing files will + cause a nonrecoverable error. + blame.markUnblamableLines:: Mark lines that were changed by an ignored revision that we could not attribute to another commit with a '*' in the output of diff --git a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt index d94025cb3684d8..51a756b2f15f85 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/gpg.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/gpg.txt @@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ gpg.program:: gpg.format:: Specifies which key format to use when signing with `--gpg-sign`. - Default is "openpgp" and another possible value is "x509". + Default is "openpgp". Other possible values are "x509", "ssh". gpg..program:: Use this to customize the program used for the signing format you chose. (see `gpg.program` and `gpg.format`) `gpg.program` can still be used as a legacy synonym for `gpg.openpgp.program`. The default - value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm". + value for `gpg.x509.program` is "gpgsm" and `gpg.ssh.program` is "ssh-keygen". gpg.minTrustLevel:: Specifies a minimum trust level for signature verification. If @@ -33,3 +33,44 @@ gpg.minTrustLevel:: * `marginal` * `fully` * `ultimate` + +gpg.ssh.defaultKeyCommand: + This command that will be run when user.signingkey is not set and a ssh + signature is requested. On successful exit a valid ssh public key is + expected in the first line of its output. To automatically use the first + available key from your ssh-agent set this to "ssh-add -L". + +gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile:: + A file containing ssh public keys which you are willing to trust. + The file consists of one or more lines of principals followed by an ssh + public key. + e.g.: user1@example.com,user2@example.com ssh-rsa AAAAX1... + See ssh-keygen(1) "ALLOWED SIGNERS" for details. + The principal is only used to identify the key and is available when + verifying a signature. ++ +SSH has no concept of trust levels like gpg does. To be able to differentiate +between valid signatures and trusted signatures the trust level of a signature +verification is set to `fully` when the public key is present in the allowedSignersFile. +Therefore to only mark fully trusted keys as verified set gpg.minTrustLevel to `fully`. +Otherwise valid but untrusted signatures will still verify but show no principal +name of the signer. ++ +This file can be set to a location outside of the repository and every developer +maintains their own trust store. A central repository server could generate this +file automatically from ssh keys with push access to verify the code against. +In a corporate setting this file is probably generated at a global location +from automation that already handles developer ssh keys. ++ +A repository that only allows signed commits can store the file +in the repository itself using a path relative to the top-level of the working tree. +This way only committers with an already valid key can add or change keys in the keyring. ++ +Using a SSH CA key with the cert-authority option +(see ssh-keygen(1) "CERTIFICATES") is also valid. + +gpg.ssh.revocationFile:: + Either a SSH KRL or a list of revoked public keys (without the principal prefix). + See ssh-keygen(1) for details. + If a public key is found in this file then it will always be treated + as having trust level "never" and signatures will show as invalid. diff --git a/Documentation/config/merge.txt b/Documentation/config/merge.txt index e27cc639447f70..53718196ea6cb9 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/merge.txt @@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ merge.conflictStyle:: shows a `<<<<<<<` conflict marker, changes made by one side, a `=======` marker, changes made by the other side, and then a `>>>>>>>` marker. An alternate style, "diff3", adds a `|||||||` - marker and the original text before the `=======` marker. + marker and the original text before the `=======` marker. The + "merge" style tends to produce smaller conflict regions than diff3, + both because of the exclusion of the original text, and because + when a subset of lines match on the two sides they are just pulled + out of the conflict region. Another alternate style, "zdiff3", is + similar to diff3 but removes matching lines on the two sides from + the conflict region when those matching lines appear near the + beginning or ending of a conflict region. merge.defaultToUpstream:: If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream diff --git a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt index ee454f8126aa3a..01a5e19351ebbe 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt @@ -91,3 +91,12 @@ submodule.alternateErrorStrategy:: `ignore`, `info`, `die`. Default is `die`. Note that if set to `ignore` or `info`, and if there is an error with the computed alternate, the clone proceeds as if no alternate was specified. + +submodule.superprojectGitDir:: + The relative path from the submodule's worktree to the superproject's + gitdir. This config should only be present in projects which are + submodules, but is not guaranteed to be present in every submodule. It + is set automatically during submodule creation. ++ +Because of this configuration variable, it is forbidden to use the +same submodule worktree shared by multiple superprojects. diff --git a/Documentation/config/transfer.txt b/Documentation/config/transfer.txt index 505126a7802319..09ebb399ceb225 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/transfer.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/transfer.txt @@ -52,13 +52,16 @@ If you have multiple hideRefs values, later entries override earlier ones (and entries in more-specific config files override less-specific ones). + If a namespace is in use, the namespace prefix is stripped from each -reference before it is matched against `transfer.hiderefs` patterns. -For example, if `refs/heads/master` is specified in `transfer.hideRefs` and -the current namespace is `foo`, then `refs/namespaces/foo/refs/heads/master` -is omitted from the advertisements but `refs/heads/master` and -`refs/namespaces/bar/refs/heads/master` are still advertised as so-called -"have" lines. In order to match refs before stripping, add a `^` in front of -the ref name. If you combine `!` and `^`, `!` must be specified first. +reference before it is matched against `transfer.hiderefs` patterns. For +example, if `refs/heads/master` is specified in `transfer.hideRefs` and the +current namespace is `foo`, then `refs/namespaces/foo/refs/heads/master` is +omitted from the advertisements. If `uploadpack.allowRefInWant` is set, +`upload-pack` will treat `want-ref refs/heads/master` in a protocol v2 +`fetch` command as if `refs/heads/master` was unknown. Note, however, that +`receive-pack` will still advertise the object id `refs/heads/master` is +pointing to, but will conceil the name of the ref. In order to match refs +before stripping, add a `^` in front of the ref name. If you combine `!` and +`^`, `!` must be specified first. + Even if you hide refs, a client may still be able to steal the target objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY" section of the diff --git a/Documentation/config/user.txt b/Documentation/config/user.txt index 59aec7c3aed32a..ad78dce9ecbfc6 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/user.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/user.txt @@ -36,3 +36,10 @@ user.signingKey:: commit, you can override the default selection with this variable. This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports. + If gpg.format is set to "ssh" this can contain the literal ssh public + key (e.g.: "ssh-rsa XXXXXX identifier") or a file which contains it and + corresponds to the private key used for signing. The private key + needs to be available via ssh-agent. Alternatively it can be set to + a file containing a private key directly. If not set git will call + gpg.ssh.defaultKeyCommand (e.g.: "ssh-add -L") and try to use the first + key available. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 0aebe83205783b..c89d530d3d1d39 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ ifdef::git-log[] --diff-merges=m::: -m::: This option makes diff output for merge commits to be shown in - the default format. The default format could be changed using + the default format. `-m` will produce the output only if `-p` + is given as well. The default format could be changed using `log.diffMerges` configuration parameter, which default value - is `separate`. `-m` implies `-p`. + is `separate`. + --diff-merges=first-parent::: --diff-merges=1::: @@ -61,8 +62,7 @@ ifdef::git-log[] --diff-merges=separate::: This makes merge commits show the full diff with respect to each of the parents. Separate log entry and diff is generated - for each parent. This is the format that `-m` produced - historically. + for each parent. + --diff-merges=combined::: --diff-merges=c::: diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 53804cad4b67fd..ac0d0038350f54 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -18,21 +18,48 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one -machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, -ssh, http) cannot be used. - -The 'git bundle' command packages objects and references in an archive -at the originating machine, which can then be imported into another -repository using 'git fetch', 'git pull', or 'git clone', -after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). - -As no -direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a -basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the -bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the -destination repository. +Create, unpack, and manipulate "bundle" files. Bundles are used for +the "offline" transfer of Git objects without an active "server" +sitting on the other side of the network connection. + +They can be used to create both incremental and full backups of a +repository, and to relay the state of the references in one repository +to another. + +Git commands that fetch or otherwise "read" via protocols such as +`ssh://` and `https://` can also operate on bundle files. It is +possible linkgit:git-clone[1] a new repository from a bundle, to use +linkgit:git-fetch[1] to fetch from one, and to list the references +contained within it with linkgit:git-ls-remote[1]. There's no +corresponding "write" support, i.e.a 'git push' into a bundle is not +supported. + +See the "EXAMPLES" section below for examples of how to use bundles. + +BUNDLE FORMAT +------------- + +Bundles are `.pack` files (see linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]) with a +header indicating what references are contained within the bundle. + +Like the the packed archive format itself bundles can either be +self-contained, or be created using exclusions. +See the "OBJECT PREREQUISITES" section below. + +Bundles created using revision exclusions are "thin packs" created +using the `--thin` option to linkgit:git-pack-objects[1], and +unbundled using the `--fix-thin` option to linkgit:git-index-pack[1]. + +There is no option to create a "thick pack" when using revision +exclusions, users should not be concerned about the difference. By +using "thin packs" bundles created using exclusions are smaller in +size. That they're "thin" under the hood is merely noted here as a +curiosity, and as a reference to other documentation + +See link:technical/bundle-format.html[the `bundle-format` +documentation] for more details and the discussion of "thin pack" in +link:technical/pack-format.html[the pack format documentation] for +further details. OPTIONS ------- @@ -117,28 +144,88 @@ unbundle :: SPECIFYING REFERENCES --------------------- -'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by -'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References -such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for -defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more -than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not -contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be -specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. -`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). +Revisions must accompanied by reference names to be packaged in a +bundle. + +More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one set of prerequisite objects can +be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the +union of the prerequisites. + +The 'git bundle create' command resolves the reference names for you +using the same rules as `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref=loose`. Each +prerequisite can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly +(e.g. `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). + +All of these simple cases are OK (assuming we have a "master" and +"next" branch): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create master.bundle master +$ echo master | git bundle create master.bundle --stdin +$ git bundle create master-and-next.bundle master next +$ (echo master; echo next) | git bundle create master-and-next.bundle --stdin +---------------- + +And so are these (and the same but omitted `--stdin` examples): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create recent-master.bundle master~10..master +$ git bundle create recent-updates.bundle master~10..master next~5..next +---------------- + +A revision name or a range whose right-hand-side cannot be resolved to +a reference is not accepted: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create HEAD.bundle $(git rev-parse HEAD) +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +$ git bundle create master-yesterday.bundle master~10..master~5 +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +---------------- + +OBJECT PREREQUISITES +-------------------- + +When creating bundles it is possible to create a self-contained bundle +that can be unbundled in a repository with no common history, as well +as providing negative revisions to exclude objects needed in the +earlier parts of the history. + +Feeding a revision such as `new` to `git bundle create` will create a +bundle file that contains all the objects reachable from the revision +`new`. That bundle can be unbundled in any repository to obtain a full +history that leads to the revision `new`: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle new +---------------- + +A revision range such as `old..new` will produce a bundle file that +will require the revision `old` (and any objects reachable from it) +to exist for the bundle to be "unbundle"-able: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle old..new +---------------- + +A self-contained bundle without any prerequisites can be extracted +into anywhere, even into an empty repository, or be cloned from +(i.e., `new`, but not `old..new`). -It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. -`git clone` can use any bundle created without negative refspecs -(e.g., `new`, but not `old..new`). If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`. If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for the ``. +The 'git bundle verify' command can be used to check whether your +recipient repository has the required prerequisite commits for a +bundle. + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -149,7 +236,7 @@ but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have -any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last +any prerequisites. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with an incremental bundle: @@ -200,7 +287,7 @@ machineB$ git pull If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the -basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go +prerequisites, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples: @@ -211,7 +298,7 @@ You can use a tag that is present in both: $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master ---------------- -You can use a basis based on time: +You can use a prerequisite based on time: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master @@ -224,7 +311,7 @@ $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master ---------------- You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle -that was created with a basis: +that was created with a prerequisite: ---------------- $ git bundle verify mybundle diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index b1a6fe44997306..85c3d3513f74c2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -265,8 +265,7 @@ When switching branches with `--merge`, staged changes may be lost. The same as `--merge` option above, but changes the way the conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the `merge.conflictStyle` configuration variable. Possible values are - "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by - "merge" style, shows the original contents). + "merge" (default), "diff3", and "zdiff3". -p:: --patch:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index 2ae2478de706ce..6da899c6296427 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -235,6 +235,15 @@ and `date` to extract the named component. For email fields (`authoremail`, without angle brackets, and `:localpart` to get the part before the `@` symbol out of the trimmed email. +The raw data in an object is `raw`. + +raw:size:: + The raw data size of the object. + +Note that `--format=%(raw)` can not be used with `--python`, `--shell`, `--tcl`, +because such language may not support arbitrary binary data in their string +variable type. + The message in a commit or a tag object is `contents`, from which `contents:` can be used to extract various parts out of: diff --git a/Documentation/git-hook.txt b/Documentation/git-hook.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000000..fa68c1f3912389 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-hook.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +git-hook(1) +=========== + +NAME +---- +git-hook - run git hooks + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git hook' run [--to-stdin=] [--ignore-missing] [-- ] + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +This command is an interface to git hooks (see linkgit:githooks[5]). +Currently it only provides a convenience wrapper for running hooks for +use by git itself. In the future it might gain other functionality. + +SUBCOMMANDS +----------- + +run:: + Run the `` hook. See linkgit:githooks[5] for + the hook names we support. ++ +Any positional arguments to the hook should be passed after an +optional `--` (or `--end-of-options`, see linkgit:gitcli[7]). The +arguments (if any) differ by hook name, see linkgit:githooks[5] for +what those are. + +OPTIONS +------- + +--to-stdin:: + For "run"; Specify a file which will be streamed into the + hook's stdin. The hook will receive the entire file from + beginning to EOF. + +--ignore-missing:: + Ignore any missing hook by quietly returning zero. Used for + tools that want to do a blind one-shot run of a hook that may + or may not be present. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:githooks[5] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt index 1e738ad398320a..e2cfb68ab57907 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt @@ -179,6 +179,17 @@ OPTIONS `maintenance..enabled` configured as `true` are considered. See the 'TASKS' section for the list of accepted `` values. +--scheduler=auto|crontab|systemd-timer|launchctl|schtasks:: + When combined with the `start` subcommand, specify the scheduler + for running the hourly, daily and weekly executions of + `git maintenance run`. + Possible values for `` are `auto`, `crontab` + (POSIX), `systemd-timer` (Linux), `launchctl` (macOS), and + `schtasks` (Windows). When `auto` is specified, the + appropriate platform-specific scheduler is used; on Linux, + `systemd-timer` is used if available, otherwise + `crontab`. Default is `auto`. + TROUBLESHOOTING --------------- @@ -277,6 +288,52 @@ schedule to ensure you are executing the correct binaries in your schedule. +BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON LINUX SYSTEMD SYSTEMS +----------------------------------------------- + +While Linux supports `cron`, depending on the distribution, `cron` may +be an optional package not necessarily installed. On modern Linux +distributions, systemd timers are superseding it. + +If user systemd timers are available, they will be used as a replacement +of `cron`. + +In this case, `git maintenance start` will create user systemd timer units +and start the timers. The current list of user-scheduled tasks can be found +by running `systemctl --user list-timers`. The timers written by `git +maintenance start` are similar to this: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +$ systemctl --user list-timers +NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES +Thu 2021-04-29 19:00:00 CEST 42min left Thu 2021-04-29 18:00:11 CEST 17min ago git-maintenance@hourly.timer git-maintenance@hourly.service +Fri 2021-04-30 00:00:00 CEST 5h 42min left Thu 2021-04-29 00:00:11 CEST 18h ago git-maintenance@daily.timer git-maintenance@daily.service +Mon 2021-05-03 00:00:00 CEST 3 days left Mon 2021-04-26 00:00:11 CEST 3 days ago git-maintenance@weekly.timer git-maintenance@weekly.service +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +One timer is registered for each `--schedule=` option. + +The definition of the systemd units can be inspected in the following files: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.timer +~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.service +~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@hourly.timer +~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@daily.timer +~/.config/systemd/user/timers.target.wants/git-maintenance@weekly.timer +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +`git maintenance start` will overwrite these files and start the timer +again with `systemctl --user`, so any customization should be done by +creating a drop-in file, i.e. a `.conf` suffixed file in the +`~/.config/systemd/user/git-maintenance@.service.d` directory. + +`git maintenance stop` will stop the user systemd timers and delete +the above mentioned files. + +For more details, see `systemd.timer(5)`. + + BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON MACOS SYSTEMS --------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt index f85603261325f6..7e9093fab60d26 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt @@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ OPTIONS --diff3:: Show conflicts in "diff3" style. +--zdiff3:: + Show conflicts in "zdiff3" style. + --ours:: --theirs:: --union:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 3819fadac1f1e4..e8cecf5a51daae 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ merge has resulted in conflicts. OPTIONS ------- +:git-merge: 1 + include::merge-options.txt[] -m :: @@ -238,7 +240,8 @@ from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this: ------------ Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common -ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed. +ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed, +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way. <<<<<<< yours:sample.txt Conflict resolution is hard; let's go shopping. @@ -259,16 +262,37 @@ side wants to say it is hard and you'd prefer to go shopping, while the other side wants to claim it is easy. An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictStyle" -configuration variable to "diff3". In "diff3" style, the above conflict -may look like this: +configuration variable to either "diff3" or "zdiff3". In "diff3" +style, the above conflict may look like this: + +------------ +Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common +ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed, +<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way. +Conflict resolution is hard; +let's go shopping. +||||||| base:sample.txt +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed identically. +Conflict resolution is hard. +======= +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way. +Git makes conflict resolution easy. +>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt +And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified. +------------ + +while in "zdiff3" style, it may look like this: ------------ Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common -ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed. +ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed, +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way. <<<<<<< yours:sample.txt Conflict resolution is hard; let's go shopping. -||||||| +||||||| base:sample.txt +or cleanly resolved because both sides changed identically. Conflict resolution is hard. ======= Git makes conflict resolution easy. diff --git a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt index ffd601bc17b4dc..ed52459a9d5bd0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git multi-pack-index' [--object-dir=] [--[no-]progress] - [--preferred-pack=] + [--preferred-pack=] [--[no-]bitmap] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -37,9 +37,12 @@ write:: -- --preferred-pack=:: Optionally specify the tie-breaking pack used when - multiple packs contain the same object. If not given, - ties are broken in favor of the pack with the lowest - mtime. + multiple packs contain the same object. `` must + contain at least one object. If not given, ties are + broken in favor of the pack with the lowest mtime. + + --[no-]bitmap:: + Control whether or not a multi-pack bitmap is written. -- verify:: @@ -81,6 +84,13 @@ EXAMPLES $ git multi-pack-index write ----------------------------------------------- +* Write a MIDX file for the packfiles in the current .git folder with a +corresponding bitmap. ++ +------------------------------------------------------------- +$ git multi-pack-index write --preferred-pack= --bitmap +------------------------------------------------------------- + * Write a MIDX file for the packfiles in an alternate object store. + ----------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index 38e5257b2a4082..d0fdec0c3d3d3a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -638,6 +638,15 @@ git-p4.pathEncoding:: to transcode the paths to UTF-8. As an example, Perforce on Windows often uses "cp1252" to encode path names. +git-p4.fallbackEncoding:: + Perforce changeset descriptions can be stored in any encoding. + Git-p4 first tries to interpret each description as UTF-8. If that + fails, this config allows another encoding to be tried. You can specify, + for example, "cp1252". If git-p4.fallbackEncoding is "replace", UTF-8 will + be used, with invalid UTF-8 characters replaced by the Unicode replacement + character. The default is "none": there is no fallback, and any non UTF-8 + character will cause git-p4 to immediately fail. + git-p4.largeFileSystem:: Specify the system that is used for large (binary) files. Please note that large file systems do not support the 'git p4 submit' command. diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 7f4b2d1982eab9..aef757ec89c880 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -15,14 +15,17 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current -branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for -`git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`. - -More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given -parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch -heads into the current branch. -With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'. +Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. +If the current branch is behind the remote, then by default it will +fast-forward the current branch to match the remote. If the current +branch and the remote have diverged, the user needs to specify how to +reconcile the divergent branches with `--rebase` or `--no-rebase` (or +the corresponding configuration option in `pull.rebase`). + +More precisely, `git pull` runs `git fetch` with the given parameters +and then depending on configuration options or command line flags, +will call either `git rebase` or `git merge` to reconcile diverging +branches. should be the name of a remote repository as passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. can name an @@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ published that history already. Do *not* use this option unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. --no-rebase:: - Override earlier --rebase. + This is shorthand for --rebase=false. Options related to fetching ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 55af6fd24e27cd..cf41ddc58a04fa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -340,9 +340,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. -m:: --merge:: - Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge - strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the - upstream side. This is the default. + Using merging strategies to rebase (default). + Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working branch on top of the branch. Because of this, when a merge @@ -354,9 +352,8 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. -s :: --strategy=:: - Use the given merge strategy. - If there is no `-s` option 'git merge-recursive' is used - instead. This implies --merge. + Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default `ort`. + This implies `--merge`. + Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch on top of the branch using the given strategy, using @@ -369,7 +366,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. --strategy-option=:: Pass the through to the merge strategy. This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been - specified, `-s recursive`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and + specified, `-s ort`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and 'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option. + See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. @@ -530,7 +527,7 @@ The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to the deprecated where commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will. + It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the -`recursive` merge strategy; Different merge strategies can be used only via +`ort` merge strategy; different merge strategies can be used only via explicit `exec git merge -s [...]` commands. + See also REBASING MERGES and INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. @@ -740,9 +737,9 @@ information about the rebased commits and their parents (and instead generates new fake commits based off limited information in the generated patches), those commits cannot be identified; instead it has to fall back to a commit summary. Also, when merge.conflictStyle is -set to diff3, the apply backend will use "constructed merge base" to -label the content from the merge base, and thus provide no information -about the merge base commit whatsoever. +set to diff3 or zdiff3, the apply backend will use "constructed merge +base" to label the content from the merge base, and thus provide no +information about the merge base commit whatsoever. The merge backend works with the full commits on both sides of history and thus has no such limitations. @@ -1219,12 +1216,16 @@ successful merge so that the user can edit the message. If a `merge` command fails for any reason other than merge conflicts (i.e. when the merge operation did not even start), it is rescheduled immediately. -At this time, the `merge` command will *always* use the `recursive` -merge strategy for regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges, -with no way to choose a different one. To work around -this, an `exec` command can be used to call `git merge` explicitly, -using the fact that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref -`refs/rewritten/onto` would correspond to the label `onto`, for example). +By default, the `merge` command will use the `ort` merge strategy for +regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges. One can specify a +default strategy for all merges using the `--strategy` argument when +invoking rebase, or can override specific merges in the interactive +list of commands by using an `exec` command to call `git merge` +explicitly with a `--strategy` argument. Note that when calling `git +merge` explicitly like this, you can make use of the fact that the +labels are worktree-local refs (the ref `refs/rewritten/onto` would +correspond to the label `onto`, for example) in order to refer to the +branches you want to merge. Note: the first command (`label onto`) labels the revision onto which the commits are rebased; The name `onto` is just a convention, as a nod diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt index 25702ed73072f7..014a78409b9473 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt @@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ OPTIONS :: The repository to sync into. +--http-backend-info-refs:: + Used by linkgit:git-http-backend[1] to serve up + `$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack` requests. See + `--http-backend-info-refs` in linkgit:git-upload-pack[1]. + PRE-RECEIVE HOOK ---------------- Before any ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive file exists diff --git a/Documentation/git-restore.txt b/Documentation/git-restore.txt index 55bde91ef9e54b..5964810caa4153 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-restore.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-restore.txt @@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ in linkgit:git-checkout[1] for details. The same as `--merge` option above, but changes the way the conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the `merge.conflictStyle` configuration variable. Possible values - are "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is - shown by "merge" style, shows the original contents). + are "merge" (default), "diff3", and "zdiff3". --ignore-unmerged:: When restoring files on the working tree from the index, do diff --git a/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt index fdcf43f87cb373..f9022b9d5554bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt @@ -210,6 +210,14 @@ case-insensitive check. This corrects for case mismatched filenames in the 'git sparse-checkout set' command to reflect the expected cone in the working directory. +The cone mode sparse-checkout patterns will also remove ignored files that +are not within the sparse-checkout definition. This is important behavior +to preserve the performance of the sparse index, but also matches that +cone mode patterns care about directories, not files. If there exist files +that are untracked and not ignored, then Git will not delete files within +that directory other than the tracked files that are now out of scope. +These files should be removed manually to ensure Git can behave optimally. + SUBMODULES ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-switch.txt b/Documentation/git-switch.txt index 5c438cd5058758..5c90f76fbe3511 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-switch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-switch.txt @@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ should result in deletion of the path). The same as `--merge` option above, but changes the way the conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the `merge.conflictStyle` configuration variable. Possible values are - "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by - "merge" style, shows the original contents). + "merge" (default), "diff3", and "zdiff3". -q:: --quiet:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt index 9822c1eb1add16..739416ec83d0b0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt @@ -36,10 +36,14 @@ OPTIONS This fits with the HTTP POST request processing model where a program may read the request, write a response, and must exit. ---advertise-refs:: - Only the initial ref advertisement is output, and the program exits - immediately. This fits with the HTTP GET request model, where - no request content is received but a response must be produced. +--http-backend-info-refs:: + Used by linkgit:git-http-backend[1] to serve up + `$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack` requests. See + "Smart Clients" in link:technical/http-protocol.html[the HTTP + transfer protocols] documentation and "HTTP Transport" in + link:technical/protocol-v2.html[the Git Wire Protocol, Version + 2] documentation. Also understood by + linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. :: The repository to sync from. diff --git a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt index afdaeab8503c30..8c1f2d56751dce 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ best to always use a regular merge commit. [[merge-two-revert-one]] If I make a change on two branches but revert it on one, why does the merge of those branches include the change?:: - By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the recursive + By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the `ort` strategy, which does a fancy three-way merge. In such a case, when Git performs the merge, it considers exactly three points: the two heads and a third point, called the _merge base_, which is usually the common ancestor of diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index b51959ff9418fd..a16e62bc8c8ea7 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -698,6 +698,10 @@ and "0" meaning they were not. Only one parameter should be set to "1" when the hook runs. The hook running passing "1", "1" should not be possible. +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-hook[1] + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index 52565014c15a51..61ec157c2f38b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ --no-commit:: Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --no-commit. +ifdef::git-pull[] + Only useful when merging. +endif::git-pull[] + With --no-commit perform the merge and stop just before creating a merge commit, to give the user a chance to inspect and further @@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ set to `no` at the beginning of them. to `MERGE_MSG` before being passed on to the commit machinery in the case of a merge conflict. +ifdef::git-merge[] --ff:: --no-ff:: --ff-only:: @@ -47,6 +51,22 @@ set to `no` at the beginning of them. default unless merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag that is not stored in its natural place in the `refs/tags/` hierarchy, in which case `--no-ff` is assumed. +endif::git-merge[] +ifdef::git-pull[] +--ff-only:: + Only update to the new history if there is no divergent local + history. This is the default when no method for reconciling + divergent histories is provided (via the --rebase=* flags). + +--ff:: +--no-ff:: + When merging rather than rebasing, specifies how a merge is + handled when the merged-in history is already a descendant of + the current history. If merging is requested, `--ff` is the + default unless merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag + that is not stored in its natural place in the `refs/tags/` + hierarchy, in which case `--no-ff` is assumed. +endif::git-pull[] + With `--ff`, when possible resolve the merge as a fast-forward (only update the branch pointer to match the merged branch; do not create a @@ -55,9 +75,11 @@ descendant of the current history), create a merge commit. + With `--no-ff`, create a merge commit in all cases, even when the merge could instead be resolved as a fast-forward. +ifdef::git-merge[] + With `--ff-only`, resolve the merge as a fast-forward when possible. When not possible, refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status. +endif::git-merge[] -S[]:: --gpg-sign[=]:: @@ -73,6 +95,9 @@ When not possible, refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status. In addition to branch names, populate the log message with one-line descriptions from at most actual commits that are being merged. See also linkgit:git-fmt-merge-msg[1]. +ifdef::git-pull[] + Only useful when merging. +endif::git-pull[] + With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being merged. @@ -102,18 +127,25 @@ With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --squash. + With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail. +ifdef::git-pull[] ++ +Only useful when merging. +endif::git-pull[] --no-verify:: This option bypasses the pre-merge and commit-msg hooks. See also linkgit:githooks[5]. +ifdef::git-pull[] + Only useful when merging. +endif::git-pull[] -s :: --strategy=:: Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than once to specify them in the order they should be tried. If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies - is used instead ('git merge-recursive' when merging a single - head, 'git merge-octopus' otherwise). + is used instead (`ort` when merging a single head, + `octopus` otherwise). -X