Support out-of-bounds checks on arrays of dynamic size

Previously the code would rely on type sizes being constant when building a
subtraction; this is unnecessary as the expression is sent to the solver for
evaluation anyway.

Author: tautschnig

regression/cbmc/dynamic_size1/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  unsigned x;
+
+  int *A=malloc(x*sizeof(int));
+
+  char *p=&A[1];
+
+  char c=*p;
+
+  return c;
+}

regression/cbmc/dynamic_size1/test.desc

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CORE
+main.c
+--pointer-check
+^EXIT=10$
+^SIGNAL=0$
+^VERIFICATION FAILED$
+--
+^warning: ignoring
+^unknown or invalid type size:

src/pointer-analysis/value_set_dereference.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Author: Daniel Kroening, kroening@kroening.com
 
 #include <cassert>
 
+#include <util/invariant.h>
 #include <util/string2int.h>
 #include <util/expr_util.h>
 #include <util/base_type.h>
@@ -858,16 +859,24 @@ bool value_set_dereferencet::memory_model_bytes(
   {
     // upper bound
     {
-      mp_integer from_width=pointer_offset_size(from_type, ns);
-      if(from_width<=0)
-        throw "unknown or invalid type size:\n"+from_type.pretty();
-
-      mp_integer to_width=
-        to_type.id()==ID_empty?0: pointer_offset_size(to_type, ns);
-      if(to_width<0)
-        throw "unknown or invalid type size:\n"+to_type.pretty();
-
-      exprt bound=from_integer(from_width-to_width, offset.type());
+      exprt from_width=size_of_expr(from_type, ns);
+      INVARIANT(
+        from_width.is_not_nil(),
+        "unknown or invalid type size:\n"+from_type.pretty());
+
+      exprt to_width=
+        to_type.id()==ID_empty?
+        from_integer(0, size_type()):size_of_expr(to_type, ns);
+      INVARIANT(
+        to_width.is_not_nil(),
+        "unknown or invalid type size:\n"+to_type.pretty());
+      INVARIANT(
+        from_width.type()==to_width.type(),
+        "type mismatch on result of size_of_expr");
+
+      minus_exprt bound(from_width, to_width);
+      if(bound.type()!=offset.type())
+        bound.make_typecast(offset.type());
 
       binary_relation_exprt
         offset_upper_bound(offset, ID_gt, bound);