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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
<title>presentation.utf8.md</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<link href="libs/remark-css/default.css" rel="stylesheet" />
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<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: inverse, center, top
background-image: url('spotlight.jpg')
background-size: 100% 100%
<div class="my-logo-left"></div>
<div class="my-logo-right"></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
# .small[Biodiversity change in the Anthropocene: bringing the dark diversity into the spotlight]
<br />
#### .large[Diego P. F. Trindade]
#### .large[Supervisor: Meelis Pärtel]
#### .large[Co-supervisor: Carlos P. Carmona]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Biodiversity change: spatial scale and temporal issues
<br><br>
.right[Vellend et al. 2017 Annual Reviews]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Biodiversity change: spatial scale and temporal issues
<img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S016953471300027X-gr1.jpg" width="80%" height="70%" />
.right[Hylander & Ehrlér 2013 TREE]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### How to tackle both scale and temporal issues?
.center2[
<img src="obs.dark.png" width="90%" height="50%" />
]
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
.pull-right[Bennett et al. 2016 Ecology Letters]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### How to tackle both scale and temporal issues?
.center2[
<img src="obs.dark.png" width="90%" height="50%" />
]
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
.large[We hypothesize that by considering both observed and dark diversity throughout time we can tackle spatial scale and temporal issues.]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Dark diversity: definition and estimation
- The term dark diversity was borrowed from the dark matter idea in asthrophysics;
- Dark diversity corresponds to the species that could potentially be present in a local community but are currently absent;
- Like dark matter, dark diversity cannot be seen but estimated.
--
<br>
.center[
<img src="beals.png" width="50%" height="50%" />
]
.pull-right[Lewis et al. 2016 Methods Eco. Evol.]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Species gains and losses
- We hypothesize four "biodiversity flows" during global change
<img src="fig1a.png" width="70%" height="50%" />
.right[Trindade et al. Under review - Global Change Biology]
--
.right[Manuscript's journey]
.right[TREE - proposal rejected]
.right[Nature Eco Evo - proposal rejected]
.right[Ecology letters - proposal accepted / paper rejected after review]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Species gain and loss
<img src="fig1c.png" width="70%" height="50%" />
.right[Trindade et al. Under review - Global Change Biology]
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Simple time-delay model
- We created a model to test the four hypothesized flows:
<br>
<img src="fig1d.png" width="80%" height="50%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Simulation results
<img src="fig2.png" width="85%" height="40%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Next steps
- Applying the conceptual idea using individual-based models and real datasets (i.e. Pollen data, North American Breeding Bird Survey, Biotime data etc.)
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Pollen data
<img src="pollen_obs_dark.png" width="120%" height="90%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Pollen data
<img src="pollen_gainloss_rate.png" width="120%" height="70%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Pollen data
- .left[Herbs]
<img src="herb_pollen_fig1.png" width="80%" height="30%" />
- .left[Trees]
<img src="tree_pollen_fig1.png" width="80%" height="30%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Individual-based model
<img src="graph.gif" width="100%" height="30%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Individual-based model
<img src="ind_basee.png" width="100%" height="30%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Individual-based model - Extinction debt
<img src="extd.png" width="100%" height="20%" />
---
class: inverse, left, top
### Take-home message
- Dark diversity allows us to better integrate different scales
- Dark diversity might offer a temporary buffer for locally extinct species;
- By tracking both observed and dark diversity dynamics over time we are more equipped to predict and mitigate species gains and loss
- Such information might help us to better delineate restoration and conservation activities
<br><br>
.pull-right[
<img src="darkside.jpg" width="90%" height="70%" />
]
</textarea>
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