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Architecture

Overview

Microservices architecture with separation of concerns (SOLID principles).

Components

1. Blockchain Service

  • Hardhat Network in standalone mode
  • RPC exposed on port 8545
  • Data persistence via Docker volume

2. API Service

  • Express.js server
  • Ethers.js for blockchain interaction
  • REST API for IoT data submission

3. Smart Contracts

  • IoT data registry
  • Event-based logging

Communication Flow

IoT Device -> API Service -> Blockchain Service -> Smart Contract

Data Flow

  1. IoT device sends data via HTTP POST to API
  2. API validates and formats data
  3. API submits transaction to blockchain via JSON-RPC
  4. Smart contract emits event with data
  5. API returns transaction hash to device

Scalability

Prepared for Kubernetes deployment with:

  • Separate deployments for each service
  • ConfigMaps for configuration
  • PersistentVolumes for blockchain data
  • Horizontal Pod Autoscaling for API service

Resource Usage

  • Blockchain Service: ~100MB RAM, minimal CPU
  • API Service: ~50MB RAM, minimal CPU
  • Total: <200MB RAM for both services

Security Considerations

  • Private network (not exposed to public internet)
  • No real cryptocurrency involved
  • Data validation at API level
  • Rate limiting on API endpoints (future implementation)