AlterTest.java

/*-
 * #%L
 * JSQLParser library
 * %%
 * Copyright (C) 2004 - 2019 JSQLParser
 * %%
 * Dual licensed under GNU LGPL 2.1 or Apache License 2.0
 * #L%
 */
package net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.alter;

import static net.sf.jsqlparser.test.TestUtils.assertDeparse;
import static net.sf.jsqlparser.test.TestUtils.assertEqualsObjectTree;
import static net.sf.jsqlparser.test.TestUtils.assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed;
import static net.sf.jsqlparser.test.TestUtils.assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.JSQLParserException;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.expression.StringValue;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.expression.operators.relational.NotEqualsTo;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.parser.CCJSqlParserUtil;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.schema.Column;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.schema.Table;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.ReferentialAction;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.ReferentialAction.Action;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.ReferentialAction.Type;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.Statement;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.alter.AlterExpression.ColumnDataType;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.index.CreateIndex;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.CheckConstraint;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.ForeignKeyIndex;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.Index;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.Index.ColumnParams;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.NamedConstraint;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.create.table.PartitionDefinition;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;

public class AlterTest {

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt =
                CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN mycolumn varchar (255)");
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("mytable", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExp = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertNotNull(alterExp);
        List<ColumnDataType> colDataTypes = alterExp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("mycolumn", colDataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("varchar (255)", colDataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumnsWhitespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt =
                CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_catalog.test20241014.tt ADD COLUMNS (apples string, bees int)");
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("test_catalog.test20241014.tt", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExp = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertNotNull(alterExp);
        List<ColumnDataType> colDataTypes = alterExp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("apples", colDataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("string", colDataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
        assertEquals("bees", colDataTypes.get(1).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("int", colDataTypes.get(1).getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn_ColumnKeyWordImplicit() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD mycolumn varchar (255)");
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("mytable", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExp = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertNotNull(alterExp);
        List<ColumnDataType> colDataTypes = alterExp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("mycolumn", colDataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("varchar (255)", colDataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableBackBrackets() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tablename add column (field  string comment 'aaaaa')";
        Alter alter = (Alter) assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
        assertEquals("tablename", alter.getTable().toString());

        String sql2 =
                "ALTER TABLE tablename add column (field  string comment 'aaaaa', field2 string comment 'bbbbb');";
        Statement statement2 = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql2);
        Alter alter2 = (Alter) statement2;
        assertEquals("tablename", alter2.getTable().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableIssue1815() throws JSQLParserException {
        // MySQL: see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/alter-table.html
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE cers_record_10 RENAME INDEX idx_cers_record_1_gmtcreate TO idx_cers_record_10_gmtcreate");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE cers_record_10 RENAME KEY k_cers_record_1_gmtcreate TO k_cers_record_10_gmtcreate");
        // PostgreSQL: see https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE cers_record_10 RENAME CONSTRAINT cst_cers_record_1_gmtcreate TO cst_cers_record_10_gmtcreate");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKey() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyDeferrable() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) DEFERRABLE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyNotDeferrable() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT DEFERRABLE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyValidate() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) VALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyNoValidate() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) NOVALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyDeferrableValidate() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) DEFERRABLE VALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePrimaryKeyDeferrableDisableNoValidate() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE animals ADD PRIMARY KEY (id) DEFERRABLE DISABLE NOVALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableUniqueKey() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE `schema_migrations` ADD UNIQUE KEY `unique_schema_migrations` (`version`)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableUniqueNamedWithoutKeyword() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE `goods` ADD UNIQUE `aaa` (`cate_id`)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForgeignKey() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES ra_user (id) ON DELETE CASCADE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddConstraint() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE RESOURCELINKTYPE ADD CONSTRAINT FK_RESOURCELINKTYPE_PARENTTYPE_PRIMARYKEY FOREIGN KEY (PARENTTYPE_PRIMARYKEY) REFERENCES RESOURCETYPE(PRIMARYKEY)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddConstraintWithConstraintState() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE RESOURCELINKTYPE ADD CONSTRAINT FK_RESOURCELINKTYPE_PARENTTYPE_PRIMARYKEY FOREIGN KEY (PARENTTYPE_PRIMARYKEY) REFERENCES RESOURCETYPE(PRIMARYKEY) DEFERRABLE DISABLE NOVALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddConstraintWithConstraintState2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE RESOURCELINKTYPE ADD CONSTRAINT RESOURCELINKTYPE_PRIMARYKEY PRIMARY KEY (PRIMARYKEY) DEFERRABLE NOVALIDATE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddUniqueConstraint() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE Persons ADD UNIQUE (ID)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignKey2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES ra_user (id)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignKey3() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES ra_user (id) ON DELETE RESTRICT");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignKey4() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES ra_user (id) ON DELETE SET NULL");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignWithFkSchema() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String FK_SCHEMA_NAME = "my_schema";
        final String FK_TABLE_NAME = "ra_user";
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE test ADD FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES " + FK_SCHEMA_NAME + "."
                + FK_TABLE_NAME + " (id) ON DELETE SET NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkSourceSchema(), FK_SCHEMA_NAME);
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkSourceTable(), FK_TABLE_NAME);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropKey() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE ANV_ALERT_ACKNOWLEDGE_TYPE DROP KEY ALERT_ACKNOWLEDGE_TYPE_ID_NUK_1");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropColumn() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN YYY");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropColumn2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable DROP COLUMN col1, DROP COLUMN col2");

        Statement stmt =
                CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable DROP COLUMN col1, DROP COLUMN col2");
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        AlterExpression col2Exp = alterExps.get(1);
        assertEquals("col1", col1Exp.getColumnName());
        assertEquals("col2", col2Exp.getColumnName());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropColumnIssue2339() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN Data");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropConstraint() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String sql = "ALTER TABLE test DROP CONSTRAINT YYY";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql);
        AlterExpression alterExpression = ((Alter) stmt).getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getConstraintName(), "YYY");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropConstraintIfExists() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE Persons DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS UC_Person");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePK() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String sql = "ALTER TABLE `Author` ADD CONSTRAINT `AuthorPK` PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql);
        AlterExpression alterExpression = ((Alter) stmt).getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertNull(alterExpression.getConstraintName());
        // TODO: should this pass? ==> assertEquals(alterExpression.getPkColumns().get(0), "ID");
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getIndex().getColumnsNames().get(0), "`ID`");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableFK() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE `Novels` ADD FOREIGN KEY (AuthorID) REFERENCES Author (ID)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql);
        AlterExpression alterExpression = ((Alter) stmt).getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkColumns().size(), 1);
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkColumns().get(0), "AuthorID");
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkSourceTable(), "Author");
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkSourceColumns().size(), 1);
        assertEquals(alterExpression.getFkSourceColumns().get(0), "ID");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableCheckConstraint() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement =
                "ALTER TABLE `Author` ADD CONSTRAINT name_not_empty CHECK (`NAME` <> '')";
        Statement parsed = assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(statement);
        Alter created = new Alter().withTable(new Table("`Author`"))
                .addAlterExpressions(Collections.singleton(
                        new AlterExpression().withOperation(AlterOperation.ADD)
                                .withIndex(new CheckConstraint()
                                        .withName("name_not_empty")
                                        .withExpression(new NotEqualsTo()
                                                .withLeftExpression(new Column("`NAME`"))
                                                .withRightExpression(new StringValue())))));
        assertDeparse(created, statement);
        assertEqualsObjectTree(parsed, created);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE animals ADD (col1 integer, col2 integer)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn3() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN mycolumn varchar (255)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn4() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 varchar (255), ADD COLUMN col2 integer");

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(
                "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 varchar (255), ADD COLUMN col2 integer");
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        AlterExpression col2Exp = alterExps.get(1);
        List<ColumnDataType> col1DataTypes = col1Exp.getColDataTypeList();
        List<ColumnDataType> col2DataTypes = col2Exp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("col1", col1DataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("col2", col2DataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("varchar (255)", col1DataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
        assertEquals("integer", col2DataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn5() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD col1 timestamp (3)");

        // COLUMN keyword DOES NOT appear in deparsed statement
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD col1 timestamp (3)");

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        List<ColumnDataType> col1DataTypes = col1Exp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("col1", col1DataTypes.get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("timestamp (3)", col1DataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());

        assertFalse(col1Exp.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumn6() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String sql = "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 timestamp (3) not null";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        assertEquals("not", col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().get(0).getColumnSpecs().get(0));
        assertEquals("null", col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().get(0).getColumnSpecs().get(1));

        assertTrue(col1Exp.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableModifyColumn1() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE animals MODIFY (col1 integer, col2 number (8, 2))");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableModifyColumn2() throws JSQLParserException {
        Alter alter =
                (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable modify col1 timestamp (6)");
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        // COLUMN keyword DOES NOT appear in deparsed statement, modify becomes all caps
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(alter, "ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFY col1 timestamp (6)");

        assertEquals(AlterOperation.MODIFY, alterExpression.getOperation());

        assertFalse(alterExpression.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableModifyColumn3() throws JSQLParserException {
        Alter alter =
                (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable modify col1 NULL");
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        // COLUMN keyword DOES NOT appear in deparsed statement, modify becomes all caps
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(alter, "ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFY col1 NULL");

        assertEquals(AlterOperation.MODIFY, alterExpression.getOperation());

        assertFalse(alterExpression.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableModifyColumn4() throws JSQLParserException {
        Alter alter =
                (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE mytable modify col1 DEFAULT 0");
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        // COLUMN keyword DOES NOT appear in deparsed statement, modify becomes all caps
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(alter, "ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFY col1 DEFAULT 0");

        assertEquals(AlterOperation.MODIFY, alterExpression.getOperation());

        assertFalse(alterExpression.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAlterColumn() throws JSQLParserException {
        // http://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-change-column-type/
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name_1 TYPE TIMESTAMP, ALTER COLUMN column_name_2 TYPE BOOLEAN";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, alterExpression.getOperation());

        assertTrue(alterExpression.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumn1() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE tb_test CHANGE COLUMN c1 c2 INT (10)");
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.CHANGE, alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOperation());
        assertEquals("c1", alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getColOldName());
        assertEquals("COLUMN", alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOptionalSpecifier());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumn2() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE tb_test CHANGE c1 c2 INT (10)");
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.CHANGE, alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOperation());
        assertEquals("c1", alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getColOldName());
        assertNull(alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOptionalSpecifier());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumn3() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE tb_test CHANGE COLUMN c1 c2 INT (10)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumn4() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE tb_test CHANGE c1 c2 INT (10)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumnIssue2339() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE tb_test CHANGE data INT (10)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumnWithZone() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 timestamp with time zone");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 timestamp without time zone");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 date with time zone");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 date without time zone");

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil
                .parse("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 timestamp with time zone");
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        List<ColumnDataType> col1DataTypes = col1Exp.getColDataTypeList();
        assertEquals("timestamp with time zone", col1DataTypes.get(0).getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumnKeywordTypes() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 xml");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 interval");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE mytable ADD COLUMN col1 bit varying");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDropColumnRestrictIssue510() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE TABLE1 DROP COLUMN NewColumn CASCADE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDropColumnRestrictIssue551() throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE table1 DROP NewColumn");

        // COLUMN keyword DOES NOT appear in deparsed statement, drop becomes all caps
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, "ALTER TABLE table1 DROP NewColumn");

    }

    @Test
    public void testAddConstraintKeyIssue320() throws JSQLParserException {
        String tableName = "table1";
        String columnName1 = "col1";
        String columnName2 = "col2";
        String columnName3 = "col3";
        String columnName4 = "col4";
        String constraintName1 = "table1_constraint_1";
        String constraintName2 = "table1_constraint_2";

        for (String constraintType : Arrays.asList("UNIQUE KEY", "KEY")) {
            assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                    "ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ADD CONSTRAINT " + constraintName1 + " "
                            + constraintType + " (" + columnName1 + ")");

            assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                    "ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ADD CONSTRAINT " + constraintName1 + " "
                            + constraintType + " (" + columnName1 + ", " + columnName2 + ")");

            assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                    "ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ADD CONSTRAINT " + constraintName1 + " "
                            + constraintType + " (" + columnName1 + ", " + columnName2
                            + "), ADD CONSTRAINT "
                            + constraintName2 + " " + constraintType + " (" + columnName3 + ", "
                            + columnName4 + ")");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue633() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE team_phases ADD CONSTRAINT team_phases_id_key UNIQUE (id)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue679() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE tb_session_status ADD INDEX idx_user_id_name (user_id, user_name(10)), ADD INDEX idx_user_name (user_name)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableColumnCommentIssue1926() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement =
                "ALTER TABLE `student` ADD INDEX `idx_age` (`age`) USING BTREE COMMENT 'index age'";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(statement);

        String stmt2 =
                "ALTER TABLE `student` ADD INDEX `idx_name` (`name`) COMMENT 'index name', " +
                        "ADD INDEX `idx_age` (`age`) USING BTREE COMMENT 'index age'";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(stmt2);

        // TODO NOT SUPPORT MYSQL: ADD {INDEX | KEY} `idx_age` USING BTREE (`age`)
        // String stmt3 = "ALTER TABLE `student` ADD INDEX `idx_age` USING BTREE (`age`) COMMENT
        // 'index age'";
        // assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(stmt3);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableIndex586() throws Exception {
        Statement result =
                CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE biz_add_fee DROP INDEX operation_time, "
                        + "ADD UNIQUE INDEX operation_time (`operation_time`, `warehouse_code`, `customerid`, `fees_type`, `external_no`) "
                        + "USING BTREE, ALGORITHM = INPLACE");
        assertEquals("ALTER TABLE biz_add_fee DROP INDEX operation_time, "
                + "ADD UNIQUE INDEX operation_time (`operation_time`, `warehouse_code`, `customerid`, `fees_type`, `external_no`) "
                + "USING BTREE, ALGORITHM = INPLACE", result.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropAndAddUniqueIndexWithAscendingColumns() throws Exception {
        Statement result =
                CCJSqlParserUtil.parse("ALTER TABLE `wxp_dm`.`xqgl_req_report` "
                        + "DROP INDEX `index_name`, "
                        + "ADD UNIQUE INDEX `index_name`(`report_name` ASC) USING BTREE");
        assertEquals("ALTER TABLE `wxp_dm`.`xqgl_req_report` DROP INDEX `index_name`, "
                + "ADD UNIQUE INDEX `index_name` (`report_name` ASC) USING BTREE",
                result.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue259() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE feature_v2 ADD COLUMN third_user_id int (10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '第三方用户id' after kdt_id");
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue633_2() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement =
                "CREATE INDEX idx_american_football_action_plays_1 ON american_football_action_plays USING btree (play_type)";
        Statement parsed = assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(statement);
        CreateIndex created = new CreateIndex()
                .withTable(new Table("american_football_action_plays"))
                .withIndex(
                        new Index().withName("idx_american_football_action_plays_1")
                                .addColumns(new ColumnParams("play_type", null))
                                .withUsing("btree"));
        assertDeparse(created, statement);
        assertEqualsObjectTree(parsed, created);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnlyIssue928() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement =
                "ALTER TABLE ONLY categories ADD CONSTRAINT pk_categories PRIMARY KEY (category_id)";
        Statement parsed = assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(statement);
        Alter created = new Alter().withUseOnly(true).withTable(new Table("categories"))
                .addAlterExpressions(
                        new AlterExpression().withOperation(AlterOperation.ADD)
                                .withIndex(new NamedConstraint()
                                        .withName(Collections.singletonList(
                                                "pk_categories"))
                                        .withType("PRIMARY KEY")
                                        .addColumns(new ColumnParams("category_id"))));
        assertDeparse(created, statement);
        assertEqualsObjectTree(parsed, created);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterConstraintWithoutFKSourceColumnsIssue929() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orders_customers FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAlterColumnDropNotNullIssue918() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE \"user_table_t\" ALTER COLUMN name DROP NOT NULL");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableRenameColumn() throws JSQLParserException {
        // With Column Keyword
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE \"test_table\" RENAME COLUMN \"test_column\" TO \"test_c\"";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        AlterExpression expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.RENAME);
        assertEquals(expression.getColOldName(), "\"test_column\"");
        assertEquals(expression.getColumnName(), "\"test_c\"");

        // Without Column Keyword
        sql = "ALTER TABLE \"test_table\" RENAME \"test_column\" TO \"test_c\"";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableRenameColumn2() throws JSQLParserException {
        // Additional test case: Renaming column from 'name' to 'full_name'
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE test_table RENAME COLUMN name TO full_name";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        AlterExpression expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.RENAME);
        assertEquals(expression.getColOldName(), "name");
        assertEquals(expression.getColumnName(), "full_name");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignKeyIssue981() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE atconfigpro "
                        + "ADD CONSTRAINT atconfigpro_atconfignow_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (atconfignow_id) REFERENCES atconfignow(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, "
                        + "ADD CONSTRAINT atconfigpro_attariff_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (attariff_id) REFERENCES attariff(id) ON DELETE CASCADE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableForeignKeyIssue981_2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE atconfigpro "
                        + "ADD CONSTRAINT atconfigpro_atconfignow_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (atconfignow_id) REFERENCES atconfignow(id) ON DELETE CASCADE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableTableCommentIssue984() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE texto_fichero COMMENT 'This is a sample comment'";
        Statement parsed = assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(statement);
        Alter created = new Alter().withTable(new Table("texto_fichero"))
                .addAlterExpressions(new AlterExpression().withOperation(AlterOperation.COMMENT)
                        .withCommentText("'This is a sample comment'"));
        assertDeparse(created, statement);
        assertEqualsObjectTree(parsed, created);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableColumnCommentIssue984() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE texto_fichero MODIFY id COMMENT 'some comment'";
        Statement parsed = assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                statement);
        Alter created = new Alter().withTable(new Table("texto_fichero"))
                .addAlterExpressions(new AlterExpression().withOperation(AlterOperation.MODIFY)
                        .withColumnName("id")
                        .withCommentText("'some comment'"));
        assertDeparse(created, statement);
        assertEqualsObjectTree(parsed, created);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnUpdateCascade() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE CASCADE";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.CASCADE, null);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE CASCADE";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.CASCADE, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnUpdateSetNull() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE SET NULL";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.SET_NULL, null);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE SET NULL";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.SET_NULL, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnUpdateRestrict() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE RESTRICT";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.RESTRICT, null);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE RESTRICT";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.RESTRICT, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnUpdateSetDefault() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.SET_DEFAULT, null);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.SET_DEFAULT, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnUpdateNoAction() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE NO ACTION";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.NO_ACTION, null);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON UPDATE NO ACTION";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.NO_ACTION, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnDeleteSetDefault() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, null, Action.SET_DEFAULT);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, null, Action.SET_DEFAULT);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterOnDeleteNoAction() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON DELETE NO ACTION";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, null, Action.NO_ACTION);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab(id) ON DELETE NO ACTION";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, null, Action.NO_ACTION);
    }

    @Test
    public void testOnUpdateOnDeleteOrOnDeleteOnUpdate() throws JSQLParserException {
        String onUpdateOnDelete = "ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL";
        String onDeleteonUpdate = "ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL";
        String constraint = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD CONSTRAINT fk_mytab FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab (id) ";
        String fk = "ALTER TABLE mytab ADD FOREIGN KEY (col) "
                + "REFERENCES reftab (id) ";

        String statement = constraint + onUpdateOnDelete;
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_NULL);

        statement = constraint + onDeleteonUpdate;
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_NULL);

        statement = fk + onUpdateOnDelete;
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_NULL);

        statement = fk + onDeleteonUpdate;
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_NULL);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue985_1() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE texto_fichero "
                + "ADD CONSTRAINT texto_fichero_fichero_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (fichero_id) "
                + "REFERENCES fichero (id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, "
                + "ADD CONSTRAINT texto_fichero_texto_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (texto_id) "
                + "REFERENCES texto(id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_DEFAULT);

        statement = "ALTER TABLE texto_fichero "
                + "ADD FOREIGN KEY (fichero_id) "
                + "REFERENCES fichero (id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, "
                + "ADD FOREIGN KEY (texto_id) "
                + "REFERENCES texto(id) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE";
        parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialAction(parsed, Action.CASCADE, Action.SET_DEFAULT);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue985_2() throws JSQLParserException {
        String statement = "ALTER TABLE texto "
                + "ADD CONSTRAINT texto_autor_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (autor_id) "
                + "REFERENCES users (id) ON UPDATE CASCADE, "
                + "ADD CONSTRAINT texto_tipotexto_id_foreign FOREIGN KEY (tipotexto_id) "
                + "REFERENCES tipotexto(id) ON UPDATE CASCADE";
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(statement);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed, statement, true);
        assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(parsed, Action.CASCADE, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDefaultValueTrueIssue926() throws JSQLParserException {
        Alter parsed = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil
                .parse("ALTER TABLE my_table ADD some_column BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE");

        // There shall be no COLUMN where there is no COLUMN
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(parsed,
                "ALTER TABLE my_table ADD some_column BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE");
    }

    private void assertReferentialActionOnConstraint(Alter parsed, Action onUpdate,
            Action onDelete) {
        AlterExpression alterExpression = parsed.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        ForeignKeyIndex index = (ForeignKeyIndex) alterExpression.getIndex();

        // remove line if deprecated methods are removed.
        index.setOnDeleteReferenceOption(index.getOnDeleteReferenceOption());
        if (onDelete != null) {
            assertEquals(new ReferentialAction(Type.DELETE, onDelete),
                    index.getReferentialAction(Type.DELETE));
        } else {
            assertNull(index.getReferentialAction(Type.DELETE));
        }

        // remove line if deprecated methods are removed.
        index.setOnUpdateReferenceOption(index.getOnUpdateReferenceOption());
        if (onUpdate != null) {
            assertEquals(new ReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE, onUpdate),
                    index.getReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE));
        } else {
            assertNull(index.getReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE));
        }
    }

    private void assertReferentialAction(Alter parsed, Action onUpdate, Action onDelete) {
        AlterExpression alterExpression = parsed.getAlterExpressions().get(0);

        if (onDelete != null) {
            ReferentialAction actual = alterExpression.getReferentialAction(Type.DELETE);
            assertEquals(new ReferentialAction(Type.DELETE, onDelete), actual);
            // remove line if deprecated methods are removed.
            if (Action.CASCADE.equals(actual.getAction())) {
                alterExpression.setOnDeleteCascade(alterExpression.isOnDeleteCascade());
            }
            if (Action.RESTRICT.equals(actual.getAction())) {
                alterExpression.setOnDeleteRestrict(alterExpression.isOnDeleteRestrict());
            }
            if (Action.SET_NULL.equals(actual.getAction())) {
                alterExpression.setOnDeleteSetNull(alterExpression.isOnDeleteSetNull());
            }
        } else {
            assertNull(alterExpression.getReferentialAction(Type.DELETE));
        }

        if (onUpdate != null) {
            // remove line if deprecated methods are removed.
            assertEquals(new ReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE, onUpdate),
                    alterExpression.getReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE));
        } else {
            assertNull(alterExpression.getReferentialAction(Type.UPDATE));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testRowFormatKeywordIssue1033() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE basic_test_case "
                + "ADD COLUMN display_name varchar(512) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER name"
                + ", ADD KEY test_case_status (test_case_status)"
                + ", add KEY display_name (display_name), ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC", true);

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE t1 MOVE TABLESPACE users", true);

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE test_tab MOVE PARTITION test_tab_q2 COMPRESS",
                true);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropConstraintsIssue1342() throws JSQLParserException {
        // Oracle compliant
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE a DROP PRIMARY KEY", true);

        // Oracle compliant
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE a DROP UNIQUE (b, c, d)", true);

        // NOT Oracle compliant!
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE a DROP FOREIGN KEY (b, c, d)", true);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumnDropNotNull() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE a MODIFY COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL", true);
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE a MODIFY (COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL, COLUMN c DROP NOT NULL)", true);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableChangeColumnDropDefault() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE a MODIFY COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT", true);
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE a MODIFY (COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT, COLUMN c DROP DEFAULT)", true);
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE a MODIFY (COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL, COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT)", true);
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE a MODIFY (COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT, COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL)", true);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropColumnIfExists() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS name");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableCommentIssue1935() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE table_name COMMENT = 'New table comment'");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed("ALTER TABLE table_name COMMENT 'New table comment'");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropMultipleColumnsIfExists() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS name, DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS surname");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddIndexWithComment1906() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE `student` ADD KEY `idx_name` (`name`) COMMENT 'name'");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddIndexWithComment2() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE team_phases ADD CONSTRAINT team_phases_id_key UNIQUE (id) COMMENT 'name'");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE team_phases ADD CONSTRAINT team_phases_id_key UNIQUE KEY (c1, c2) COMMENT 'name'");

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE team_phases ADD CONSTRAINT team_phases_id_key PRIMARY KEY (id) COMMENT 'name'");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropMultipleColumnsIfExistsWithParams() throws JSQLParserException {
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(
                "ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS name CASCADE, DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS surname CASCADE");
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumnSpanner7() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String sql = "ALTER TABLE ORDER_PATIENT ADD COLUMN FIRST_NAME_UPPERCASE STRING(MAX)" +
                " AS (UPPER(FIRST_NAME)) STORED";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql, true);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        assertTrue(col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().get(0).toString().endsWith(" STORED"));
        assertTrue(col1Exp.hasColumn());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddColumnSpanner8() throws JSQLParserException {
        final String sql = "ALTER TABLE ORDER_PATIENT ADD COLUMN NAMES ARRAY<STRING(MAX)>";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql, true);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        assertTrue(col1Exp.hasColumn());
        assertNotNull(col1Exp.getColDataTypeList());
        assertEquals(1, col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().size());
        ColumnDataType type = col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().get(0);
        assertEquals("NAMES", type.getColumnName());
        assertEquals("ARRAY<STRING (MAX)>", type.getColDataType().toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterColumnSetCommitTimestamp1() throws JSQLParserException {
        // @todo: properly implement SET OPTIONS, the current hack is terrible
        // final String sql = "ALTER TABLE FOCUS_PATIENT ALTER COLUMN UPDATE_DATE_TIME_GMT SET
        // OPTIONS (allow_commit_timestamp=null)";

        final String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE FOCUS_PATIENT ALTER COLUMN UPDATE_DATE_TIME_GMT SET OPTIONS (allow_commit_timestamp=true)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertStatementCanBeDeparsedAs(stmt, sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExps = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        AlterExpression col1Exp = alterExps.get(0);
        assertTrue(col1Exp.hasColumn());
        assertNotNull(col1Exp.getColDataTypeList());
        assertEquals(1, col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().size());
        ColumnDataType type = col1Exp.getColDataTypeList().get(0);
        assertEquals("UPDATE_DATE_TIME_GMT", type.getColumnName());
        assertEquals("UPDATE_DATE_TIME_GMT SET OPTIONS (allow_commit_timestamp=true)",
                type.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue1890() throws JSQLParserException {
        String stmt =
                "ALTER TABLE xdmiddle.ft_mid_sop_sms_send_list_daily TRUNCATE PARTITION sum_date";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(stmt);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue1875() throws JSQLParserException {
        String stmt =
                "ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS usercenter.dict_surgeries ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS operation_grade_id int8 NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(stmt);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2027() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE `foo_bar` ADD COLUMN `baz` text";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        String sqlText =
                "ALTER TABLE `foo_bar` ADD COLUMN `baz` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlText);

        String sqlTinyText =
                "ALTER TABLE `foo_bar` ADD COLUMN `baz` tinytext CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlTinyText);

        String sqlMediumText =
                "ALTER TABLE `foo_bar` ADD COLUMN `baz` mediumtext CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlMediumText);

        String sqlLongText =
                "ALTER TABLE `foo_bar` ADD COLUMN `baz` longtext CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NULL";
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sqlLongText);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableCollate() throws JSQLParserException {
        // Case 1: Without DEFAULT and without =
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name COLLATE collation_name";

        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        AlterExpression expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.COLLATE);
        assertEquals(expression.getCollation(), "collation_name");
        assertFalse(expression.isDefaultCollateSpecified());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        // Case 2: Without DEFAULT and with =
        sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name COLLATE = collation_name";

        alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.COLLATE);
        assertEquals(expression.getCollation(), "collation_name");
        assertFalse(expression.isDefaultCollateSpecified());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        // Case 3: With DEFAULT and without =
        sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT COLLATE collation_name";

        alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.COLLATE);
        assertEquals(expression.getCollation(), "collation_name");
        assertTrue(expression.isDefaultCollateSpecified());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);

        // Case 4: With DEFAULT and with =
        sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT COLLATE = collation_name";

        alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        expression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(expression.getOperation(), AlterOperation.COLLATE);
        assertEquals(expression.getCollation(), "collation_name");
        assertTrue(expression.isDefaultCollateSpecified());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2090LockNone() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE sbtest1 MODIFY COLUMN pad_3 VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL, ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("sbtest1", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(3, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression lockExp = alterExpressions.get(2);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.LOCK, lockExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("NONE", lockExp.getLockOption());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2090LockExclusive() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE sbtest1 MODIFY COLUMN pad_3 VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL, ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=EXCLUSIVE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("sbtest1", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(3, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression lockExp = alterExpressions.get(2);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.LOCK, lockExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("EXCLUSIVE", lockExp.getLockOption());
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @MethodSource("provideMySQLConvertTestCases")
    public void testIssue2089(String sql, String expectedCharacterSet, String expectedCollation)
            throws JSQLParserException {
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter,
                "Expected instance of Alter but got: " + stmt.getClass().getSimpleName());

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("test_table", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions, "Alter expressions should not be null for SQL: " + sql);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size(), "Expected 1 alter expression for SQL: " + sql);

        AlterExpression convertExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.CONVERT, convertExp.getOperation());

        assertEquals(expectedCharacterSet, convertExp.getCharacterSet(),
                "CHARACTER SET mismatch for SQL: " + sql);
        assertEquals(expectedCollation, convertExp.getCollation(),
                "COLLATE mismatch for SQL: " + sql);
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    private static Stream<Arguments> provideMySQLConvertTestCases() {
        return Stream.of(
                Arguments.of("ALTER TABLE test_table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4", "utf8mb4",
                        null),
                Arguments.of(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci",
                        "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci"),
                Arguments.of(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_table DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci",
                        "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci"),
                Arguments.of(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_table DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci",
                        "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci"),
                Arguments.of(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_table CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci",
                        "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci"),
                Arguments.of(
                        "ALTER TABLE test_table CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci",
                        "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci"),
                Arguments.of("ALTER TABLE test_table DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4", "utf8mb4",
                        null),
                Arguments.of("ALTER TABLE test_table DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4", "utf8mb4",
                        null));
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableAddPartition1() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE t1 ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2002));";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitionDefinitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitionDefinitions);
        assertEquals(1, partitionDefinitions.size());

        PartitionDefinition partitionDef = partitionDefinitions.get(0);
        assertEquals("p3", partitionDef.getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitionDef.getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("2002"), partitionDef.getValues());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableAddPartition2() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE mtk_seat_state_hist ADD PARTITION (PARTITION SEAT_HIST_202004 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-05-01'), PARTITION SEAT_HIST_202005 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-06-01'), PARTITION SEAT_HIST_202006 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-07-01'));";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(3, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("SEAT_HIST_202004", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'2020-05-01'"), partitions.get(0).getValues());

        assertEquals("SEAT_HIST_202005", partitions.get(1).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(1).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'2020-06-01'"), partitions.get(1).getValues());

        assertEquals("SEAT_HIST_202006", partitions.get(2).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(2).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'2020-07-01'"), partitions.get(2).getValues());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableAddPartition3() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE employees ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (2010), PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE);";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(2, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("p5", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("2010"), partitions.get(0).getValues());

        assertEquals("p6", partitions.get(1).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(1).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("MAXVALUE"), partitions.get(1).getValues());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableAddPartitionCodeTransaction() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE `code_transaction` ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p202108 VALUES LESS THAN ('20210901') ENGINE = InnoDB);";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(1, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("p202108", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'20210901'"), partitions.get(0).getValues());
        assertEquals("InnoDB", partitions.get(0).getStorageEngine());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableDropPartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE dkpg_payment_details DROP PARTITION p202007, p202008, p202009, p202010";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.DROP_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<String> partitionNames = partitionExp.getPartitions();
        assertNotNull(partitionNames);
        assertEquals(4, partitionNames.size());

        assertEquals("p202007", partitionNames.get(0));
        assertEquals("p202008", partitionNames.get(1));
        assertEquals("p202009", partitionNames.get(2));
        assertEquals("p202010", partitionNames.get(3));
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2106AlterTableTruncatePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE dkpg_payments TRUNCATE PARTITION p201701, p201707, p201801, p201807";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.TRUNCATE_PARTITION, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<String> partitionNames = partitionExp.getPartitions();
        assertNotNull(partitionNames);
        assertEquals(4, partitionNames.size());

        assertEquals("p201701", partitionNames.get(0));
        assertEquals("p201707", partitionNames.get(1));
        assertEquals("p201801", partitionNames.get(2));
        assertEquals("p201807", partitionNames.get(3));
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2114AlterTableEncryption() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE confidential_data ENCRYPTION = 'Y'";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression encryptionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.SET_TABLE_OPTION, encryptionExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(encryptionExp.getTableOption(), "ENCRYPTION = 'Y'");

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2114AlterTableEncryptionWithoutEqual() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE confidential_data ENCRYPTION 'N'";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression encryptionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.SET_TABLE_OPTION, encryptionExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(encryptionExp.getTableOption(), "ENCRYPTION 'N'");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2114AlterTableAutoIncrement() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tt AUTO_INCREMENT = 101";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression autoIncrementExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.SET_TABLE_OPTION, autoIncrementExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(autoIncrementExp.getTableOption(), "AUTO_INCREMENT = 101");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2114AlterTableEngine() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE city2 ENGINE = InnoDB";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertTrue(stmt instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression engineExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ENGINE, engineExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(engineExp.getEngineOption(), "InnoDB");
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testIssue2118AlterTableForceAndEngine() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql1 = "ALTER TABLE my_table FORCE";
        Statement stmt1 = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql1);
        assertTrue(stmt1 instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter1 = (Alter) stmt1;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions1 = alter1.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions1);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions1.size());

        AlterExpression forceExp = alterExpressions1.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.FORCE, forceExp.getOperation());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql1);

        String sql2 = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name FORCE, ENGINE=InnoDB, ALGORITHM=INPLACE, LOCK=NONE";
        Statement stmt2 = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql2);
        assertTrue(stmt2 instanceof Alter);
        Alter alter2 = (Alter) stmt2;
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions2 = alter2.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions2);
        assertEquals(4, alterExpressions2.size());

        AlterExpression forceExp2 = alterExpressions2.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.FORCE, forceExp2.getOperation());

        AlterExpression engineExp = alterExpressions2.get(1);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ENGINE, engineExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(engineExp.getEngineOption(), "InnoDB");

        AlterExpression algorithmExp = alterExpressions2.get(2);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALGORITHM, algorithmExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("INPLACE", algorithmExp.getAlgorithmOption());

        AlterExpression lockExp = alterExpressions2.get(3);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.LOCK, lockExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("NONE", lockExp.getLockOption());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql2);
    }

    @Test
    public void testDiscardTablespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees DISCARD TABLESPACE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        assertEquals("DISCARD_TABLESPACE",
                alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOperation().toString());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testImportTablespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees IMPORT TABLESPACE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        assertEquals("IMPORT_TABLESPACE",
                alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0).getOperation().toString());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableKeys() throws JSQLParserException {
        // Test for DISABLE KEYS
        String sqlDisable = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISABLE KEYS";
        Statement stmtDisable = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sqlDisable);
        assertTrue(stmtDisable instanceof Alter);
        Alter alterDisable = (Alter) stmtDisable;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alterDisable.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpDisable = alterDisable.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.DISABLE_KEYS, alterExpDisable.getOperation());

        // Test for ENABLE KEYS
        String sqlEnable = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENABLE KEYS";
        Statement stmtEnable = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sqlEnable);
        assertTrue(stmtEnable instanceof Alter);
        Alter alterEnable = (Alter) stmtEnable;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alterEnable.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpEnable = alterEnable.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ENABLE_KEYS, alterExpEnable.getOperation());
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePartitionByRangeColumns() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE `payment_lock` " +
                "PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(`created_at`) (" +
                "PARTITION p20210217 VALUES LESS THAN ('20210218') ENGINE = InnoDB, " +
                "PARTITION p20210218 VALUES LESS THAN ('20210219') ENGINE = InnoDB);";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("`payment_lock`", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.PARTITION_BY, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(2, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("p20210217", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'20210218'"), partitions.get(0).getValues());

        assertEquals("p20210218", partitions.get(1).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(1).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("'20210219'"), partitions.get(1).getValues());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePartitionByRangeUnixTimestamp() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE `test`.`pipeline_service_metadata_history` " +
                "PARTITION BY RANGE (FLOOR(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(requested_at))) (" +
                "PARTITION p202104 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2021-05-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB, "
                +
                "PARTITION p202105 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2021-06-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB);";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("`test`.`pipeline_service_metadata_history`",
                alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.PARTITION_BY, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(2, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("p202104", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2021-05-01 00:00:00')"),
                partitions.get(0).getValues());

        assertEquals("p202105", partitions.get(1).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(1).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2021-06-01 00:00:00')"),
                partitions.get(1).getValues());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTablePartitionByRangeUnixTimestamp2() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE MP_MNEWS.PUR_MNEWS_CONTS " +
                "PARTITION BY RANGE (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(REG_DATE_TS)) (" +
                "PARTITION p202007 VALUES LESS THAN (1596207600) ENGINE = InnoDB, " +
                "PARTITION p202008 VALUES LESS THAN (1598886000) ENGINE = InnoDB, " +
                "PARTITION p202009 VALUES LESS THAN (1601478000) ENGINE = InnoDB);";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("MP_MNEWS.PUR_MNEWS_CONTS", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression partitionExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.PARTITION_BY, partitionExp.getOperation());
        List<PartitionDefinition> partitions = partitionExp.getPartitionDefinitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(3, partitions.size());

        assertEquals("p202007", partitions.get(0).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(0).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("1596207600"), partitions.get(0).getValues());

        assertEquals("p202008", partitions.get(1).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(1).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("1598886000"), partitions.get(1).getValues());

        assertEquals("p202009", partitions.get(2).getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitions.get(2).getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("1601478000"), partitions.get(2).getValues());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDiscardPartitionTablespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISCARD PARTITION p1 TABLESPACE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.DISCARD_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertEquals("TABLESPACE", alterExpression.getTableOption());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDiscardAllPartitionTablespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISCARD PARTITION ALL TABLESPACE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.DISCARD_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("ALL", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertEquals("TABLESPACE", alterExpression.getTableOption());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableImportMultiplePartitionsTablespace() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name IMPORT PARTITION p1, p2 TABLESPACE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.IMPORT_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());

        List<String> partitions = alterExpression.getPartitions();
        assertNotNull(partitions);
        assertEquals(2, partitions.size());
        assertEquals("p1", partitions.get(0));
        assertEquals("p2", partitions.get(1));

        assertEquals("TABLESPACE", alterExpression.getTableOption());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableTruncatePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name TRUNCATE PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.TRUNCATE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableCoalescePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name COALESCE PARTITION 2";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.COALESCE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals(2, alterExpression.getCoalescePartitionNumber());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableReorganizePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE tbl_name REORGANIZE PARTITION p1 INTO (PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (100))";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.REORGANIZE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        PartitionDefinition partitionDef = alterExpression.getPartitionDefinitions().get(0);
        assertEquals("p2", partitionDef.getPartitionName());
        assertEquals("VALUES LESS THAN", partitionDef.getPartitionOperation());
        assertEquals(Collections.singletonList("100"), partitionDef.getValues());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableExchangePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name EXCHANGE PARTITION p1 WITH TABLE tbl_name2";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.EXCHANGE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertEquals("tbl_name2", alterExpression.getExchangePartitionTableName());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableExchangePartitionWithValidation() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE tbl_name EXCHANGE PARTITION p1 WITH TABLE tbl_name2 WITH VALIDATION";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.EXCHANGE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertEquals("tbl_name2", alterExpression.getExchangePartitionTableName());
        assertTrue(alterExpression.isExchangePartitionWithValidation());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAnalyzePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name ANALYZE PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ANALYZE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableCheckPartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name CHECK PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.CHECK_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableOptimizePartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name OPTIMIZE PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.OPTIMIZE_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableRebuildPartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name REBUILD PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.REBUILD_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableRepairPartition() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name REPAIR PARTITION p1";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.REPAIR_PARTITION, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertEquals("p1", alterExpression.getPartitions().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableRemovePartitioning() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name REMOVE PARTITIONING";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("tbl_name", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        AlterExpression alterExpression = alter.getAlterExpressions().get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.REMOVE_PARTITIONING, alterExpression.getOperation());
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableKeyBlockSizeAlgorithmLock() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE dw_rpt " +
                "KEY_BLOCK_SIZE = 8, " +
                "ALGORITHM = INPLACE, " +
                "LOCK = NONE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("dw_rpt", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(3, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression keyBlockSizeExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.KEY_BLOCK_SIZE, keyBlockSizeExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals(8, keyBlockSizeExp.getKeyBlockSize());

        AlterExpression algorithmExp = alterExpressions.get(1);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALGORITHM, algorithmExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("INPLACE", algorithmExp.getAlgorithmOption());

        AlterExpression lockExp = alterExpressions.get(2);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.LOCK, lockExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("NONE", lockExp.getLockOption());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddFullTextIndex() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE yum_table_myisam ADD FULLTEXT (name)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("yum_table_myisam", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression indexExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, indexExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("FULLTEXT", indexExp.getIndex().getType());
        assertEquals("name", indexExp.getIndex().getColumnsNames().get(0));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddSpatialIndex() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE places ADD SPATIAL KEY sp_idx_location(location)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("places", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression indexExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, indexExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("SPATIAL", indexExp.getIndex().getType());
        assertEquals("sp_idx_location", indexExp.getIndex().getName());
        assertEquals("location", indexExp.getIndex().getColumnsNames().get(0));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddFullTextIndexWithOptions() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE my_table ADD FULLTEXT my_idx(col1, col2) " +
                "KEY_BLOCK_SIZE = 8 WITH PARSER ngram COMMENT 'fulltext' INVISIBLE";

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;

        assertEquals("my_table", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression indexExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, indexExp.getOperation());

        Index index = indexExp.getIndex();
        assertNotNull(index);
        assertEquals("FULLTEXT", index.getType());
        assertEquals("my_idx", index.getName());

        List<String> columnNames = index.getColumnsNames();
        assertEquals(2, columnNames.size());
        assertEquals("col1", columnNames.get(0));
        assertEquals("col2", columnNames.get(1));

        List<String> indexSpec = index.getIndexSpec();
        assertNotNull(indexSpec);
        assertEquals(4, indexSpec.size());
        assertEquals("KEY_BLOCK_SIZE = 8", indexSpec.get(0));
        assertEquals("WITH PARSER ngram", indexSpec.get(1));
        assertEquals("COMMENT 'fulltext'", indexSpec.get(2));
        assertEquals("INVISIBLE", indexSpec.get(3));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddUnnamedIndex() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees ADD INDEX (name1, name2)";

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;

        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression indexExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, indexExp.getOperation());

        Index index = indexExp.getIndex();
        assertNotNull(index);
        assertNull(index.getName());

        List<String> columnNames = index.getColumnsNames();
        assertEquals(2, columnNames.size());
        assertEquals("name1", columnNames.get(0));
        assertEquals("name2", columnNames.get(1));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddIndexWithOptions() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees ADD INDEX idx_lastname (last_name) " +
                "USING BTREE KEY_BLOCK_SIZE = 16 COMMENT 'Performance tuning' VISIBLE";

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;

        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression indexExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, indexExp.getOperation());

        Index index = indexExp.getIndex();
        assertNotNull(index);
        assertEquals("INDEX", index.getIndexKeyword());
        assertEquals("idx_lastname", index.getName());
        assertEquals("last_name", index.getColumnsNames().get(0));

        List<String> indexSpec = index.getIndexSpec();
        assertNotNull(indexSpec);
        assertEquals(4, indexSpec.size());
        assertEquals("USING BTREE", indexSpec.get(0));
        assertEquals("KEY_BLOCK_SIZE = 16", indexSpec.get(1));
        assertEquals("COMMENT 'Performance tuning'", indexSpec.get(2));
        assertEquals("VISIBLE", indexSpec.get(3));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddIndex_UsingBeforeColumns() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE t ADD INDEX idx_name USING BTREE (col)";

        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;

        assertEquals("t", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression expr = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, expr.getOperation());

        Index index = expr.getIndex();
        assertEquals("idx_name", index.getName());
        assertEquals("INDEX", index.getIndexKeyword());
        assertEquals("BTREE", index.getUsing());
        assertEquals(List.of("col"), index.getColumnsNames());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableSetDefaultWithAlgorithm() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE t2 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 100, ALGORITHM = INSTANT";
        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        assertEquals("t2", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(2, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression setDefaultExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, setDefaultExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("b", setDefaultExp.getColumnSetDefaultList().get(0).getColumnName());
        assertEquals("100", setDefaultExp.getColumnSetDefaultList().get(0).getDefaultValue());

        AlterExpression algorithmExp = alterExpressions.get(1);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALGORITHM, algorithmExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("INSTANT", algorithmExp.getAlgorithmOption());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableDropDefaultWithAlgorithm() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE t2 ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT, ALGORITHM = INSTANT";
        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        assertEquals("t2", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(2, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression dropDefaultExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, dropDefaultExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("b", dropDefaultExp.getColumnDropDefaultList().get(0).getColumnName());

        AlterExpression algorithmExp = alterExpressions.get(1);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALGORITHM, algorithmExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("INSTANT", algorithmExp.getAlgorithmOption());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }


    @Test
    public void testAlterTableColumnSetInvisible() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER COLUMN ts SET INVISIBLE";
        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        assertEquals("tbl", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression setInvisibleExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, setInvisibleExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("ts", setInvisibleExp.getColumnSetVisibilityList().get(0).getColumnName());
        assertFalse(setInvisibleExp.getColumnSetVisibilityList().get(0).isVisible());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableSetInvisible() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER ts SET INVISIBLE";
        Alter alter = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        assertEquals("tbl", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression setInvisibleExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, setInvisibleExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("ts", setInvisibleExp.getColumnSetVisibilityList().get(0).getColumnName());
        assertFalse(setInvisibleExp.getColumnSetVisibilityList().get(0).isVisible());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterIndexVisibility() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE tbl_name ALTER INDEX idx_name VISIBLE";
        Alter alterVisible = (Alter) CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);

        assertEquals("tbl_name", alterVisible.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());
        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressionsVisible = alterVisible.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressionsVisible);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressionsVisible.size());

        AlterExpression visibleExp = alterExpressionsVisible.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, visibleExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("idx_name", visibleExp.getIndex().getName());
        assertEquals("VISIBLE", visibleExp.getIndex().getIndexSpec().get(0));
        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAlterConstraintEnforced() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees ALTER CONSTRAINT chk_salary ENFORCED";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterConstraintExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, alterConstraintExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("CONSTRAINT", alterConstraintExp.getConstraintType());
        assertEquals("chk_salary", alterConstraintExp.getConstraintSymbol());
        assertTrue(alterConstraintExp.isEnforced());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAlterCheckNotEnforced() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE employees ALTER CHECK chk_salary NOT ENFORCED";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("employees", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterCheckExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, alterCheckExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("CHECK", alterCheckExp.getConstraintType());
        assertEquals("chk_salary", alterCheckExp.getConstraintSymbol());
        assertFalse(alterCheckExp.isEnforced());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddConstraintUniqueKey() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE sbtest1 ADD CONSTRAINT UNIQUE KEY ux_c3 (c3)";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("sbtest1", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, alterExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("UNIQUE KEY", alterExp.getConstraintType());
        assertEquals("ux_c3", alterExp.getConstraintSymbol());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAlterIndexInvisible() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE sbtest1 ALTER INDEX c4 INVISIBLE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("sbtest1", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ALTER, alterExp.getOperation());
        assertEquals("c4", alterExp.getIndex().getName());
        assertEquals("INVISIBLE", alterExp.getIndex().getIndexSpec().get(0));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddIndexInvisible() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql = "ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX k_idx (k) INVISIBLE";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("t1", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, alterExp.getOperation());
        assertNotNull(alterExp.getIndex());
        assertEquals("k_idx", alterExp.getIndex().getName());
        assertEquals("INDEX", alterExp.getIndex().getIndexKeyword());

        List<String> columnNames = alterExp.getIndex().getColumnsNames();
        assertNotNull(columnNames);
        assertEquals(1, columnNames.size());
        assertEquals("k", columnNames.get(0));

        List<String> indexSpec = alterExp.getIndex().getIndexSpec();
        assertNotNull(indexSpec);
        assertTrue(indexSpec.contains("INVISIBLE"));

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterTableAddConstraintPrimaryKeyUsingIndexName() throws JSQLParserException {
        String sql =
                "ALTER TABLE TNWAV ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TNWAV PRIMARY KEY (NWNAME, ZEILE, BESTGRU) USING INDEX PK_TNWAV";
        Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
        assertInstanceOf(Alter.class, stmt);

        Alter alter = (Alter) stmt;
        assertEquals("TNWAV", alter.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName());

        List<AlterExpression> alterExpressions = alter.getAlterExpressions();
        assertNotNull(alterExpressions);
        assertEquals(1, alterExpressions.size());

        AlterExpression alterExp = alterExpressions.get(0);
        assertEquals(AlterOperation.ADD, alterExp.getOperation());
        assertNotNull(alterExp.getIndex());
        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("USING", "INDEX", "PK_TNWAV"), alterExp.getParameters());

        assertSqlCanBeParsedAndDeparsed(sql);
    }
}