Add solutions for Zig

Author: glokta1

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/.gitattributes

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+* text=auto

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/.gitignore

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+# Zig build artifacts
+.zig-cache/
+zig-cache/
+zig-out/
+
+# Compiled binary output
+main
+bin/
+!bin/.gitkeep
+
+# Ignore any .o or .h files generated during build
+*.o
+*.h
+
+# Ignore OS and editor specific files
+.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/README.md

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+![progress-banner](https://codecrafters.io/landing/images/default_progress_banners/http-server.png)
+
+This is a starting point for Zig solutions to the
+["Build Your Own HTTP server" Challenge](https://app.codecrafters.io/courses/http-server/overview).
+
+[HTTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol) is the
+protocol that powers the web. In this challenge, you'll build a HTTP/1.1 server
+that is capable of serving multiple clients.
+
+Along the way you'll learn about TCP servers,
+[HTTP request syntax](https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec5.html),
+and more.
+
+**Note**: If you're viewing this repo on GitHub, head over to
+[codecrafters.io](https://codecrafters.io) to try the challenge.
+
+# Passing the first stage
+
+The entry point for your HTTP server implementation is in `src/main.zig`. Study
+and uncomment the relevant code, and push your changes to pass the first stage:
+
+```sh
+git add .
+git commit -m "pass 1st stage" # any msg
+git push origin master
+```
+
+Time to move on to the next stage!
+
+# Stage 2 & beyond
+
+Note: This section is for stages 2 and beyond.
+
+1. Ensure you have `zig (0.12)` installed locally
+1. Run `./your_server.sh` to run your program, which is implemented in
+   `src/main.zig`.
+1. Commit your changes and run `git push origin master` to submit your solution
+   to CodeCrafters. Test output will be streamed to your terminal.

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/build.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+
+// Learn more about this file here: https://ziglang.org/learn/build-system
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "zig",
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+        .target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{}),
+        .optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{}),
+    });
+
+    // This declares intent for the executable to be installed into the
+    // standard location when the user invokes the "install" step (the default
+    // step when running `zig build`).
+    b.installArtifact(exe);
+
+    // This *creates* a Run step in the build graph, to be executed when another
+    // step is evaluated that depends on it. The next line below will establish
+    // such a dependency.
+    const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
+
+    // This creates a build step. It will be visible in the `zig build --help` menu,
+    // and can be selected like this: `zig build run`
+    // This will evaluate the `run` step rather than the default, which is "install".
+    const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the app");
+    run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
+
+    // This allows the user to pass arguments to the application in the build
+    // command itself, like this: `zig build run -- arg1 arg2 etc`
+    if (b.args) |args| {
+        run_cmd.addArgs(args);
+    }
+}

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/build.zig.zon

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+.{
+    .name = "zig",
+    // This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
+    // In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
+    .version = "0.0.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // This is currently advisory only; Zig does not yet do anything
+    // with this value.
+    //.minimum_zig_version = "0.11.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
+    // `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
+    // Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
+    // internet connectivity.
+    .dependencies = .{
+        // See `zig fetch --save <url>` for a command-line interface for adding dependencies.
+        //.example = .{
+        //    // When updating this field to a new URL, be sure to delete the corresponding
+        //    // `hash`, otherwise you are communicating that you expect to find the old hash at
+        //    // the new URL.
+        //    .url = "https://example.com/foo.tar.gz",
+        //
+        //    // This is computed from the file contents of the directory of files that is
+        //    // obtained after fetching `url` and applying the inclusion rules given by
+        //    // `paths`.
+        //    //
+        //    // This field is the source of truth; packages do not come from a `url`; they
+        //    // come from a `hash`. `url` is just one of many possible mirrors for how to
+        //    // obtain a package matching this `hash`.
+        //    //
+        //    // Uses the [multihash](https://multiformats.io/multihash/) format.
+        //    .hash = "...",
+        //
+        //    // When this is provided, the package is found in a directory relative to the
+        //    // build root. In this case the package's hash is irrelevant and therefore not
+        //    // computed. This field and `url` are mutually exclusive.
+        //    .path = "foo",
+
+        //    // When this is set to `true`, a package is declared to be lazily
+        //    // fetched. This makes the dependency only get fetched if it is
+        //    // actually used.
+        //    .lazy = false,
+        //},
+    },
+
+    // Specifies the set of files and directories that are included in this package.
+    // Only files and directories listed here are included in the `hash` that
+    // is computed for this package.
+    // Paths are relative to the build root. Use the empty string (`""`) to refer to
+    // the build root itself.
+    // A directory listed here means that all files within, recursively, are included.
+    .paths = .{
+        // This makes *all* files, recursively, included in this package. It is generally
+        // better to explicitly list the files and directories instead, to insure that
+        // fetching from tarballs, file system paths, and version control all result
+        // in the same contents hash.
+        "",
+        // For example...
+        //"build.zig",
+        //"build.zig.zon",
+        //"src",
+        //"LICENSE",
+        //"README.md",
+    },
+}

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/codecrafters.yml

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+# Set this to true if you want debug logs.
+#
+# These can be VERY verbose, so we suggest turning them off
+# unless you really need them.
+debug: false
+
+# Use this to change the Zig version used to run your code
+# on Codecrafters.
+#
+# Available versions: zig-0.12
+language_pack: zig-0.12

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/src/main.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+const net = std.net;
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
+
+    const address = try net.Address.resolveIp("127.0.0.1", 4221);
+
+    // var listener = try address.listen(.{
+    //     .reuse_address = true,
+    // });
+    // defer listener.deinit();
+
+    // const connection = try listener.accept();
+    // try stdout.print("accepted new connection", .{});
+    // connection.stream.close();
+}

solutions/zig/01-at4/code/your_server.sh

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+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# DON'T EDIT THIS!
+#
+# CodeCrafters uses this file to test your code. Don't make any changes here!
+#
+# DON'T EDIT THIS!
+set -e
+
+exec zig build run -- $@

solutions/zig/01-at4/diff/src/main.zig.diff

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+@@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
+ const std = @import("std");
+-// Uncomment this block to pass the first stage
+-// const net = std.net;
++const net = std.net;
+
+ pub fn main() !void {
+     const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
+
+-    // You can use print statements as follows for debugging, they'll be visible when running tests.
+-    try stdout.print("Logs from your program will appear here!\n", .{});
+-
+-    // Uncomment this block to pass the first stage
+-    // const address = try net.Address.resolveIp("127.0.0.1", 4221);
++    const address = try net.Address.resolveIp("127.0.0.1", 4221);
+
+     // var listener = try address.listen(.{
+     //     .reuse_address = true,
+     // });
+     // defer listener.deinit();
+
+     // const connection = try listener.accept();
+     // try stdout.print("accepted new connection", .{});
+     // connection.stream.close();
+ }

solutions/zig/01-at4/explanation.md

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+The entry point for your HTTP server implementation is in `src/main.zig`.
+
+Study and uncomment the relevant code: 
+
+```zig
+// Uncomment this block to pass the first stage
+const net = std.net;
+```
+
+```zig
+// Uncomment this block to pass the first stage
+const address = try net.Address.resolveIp("127.0.0.1", 4221);
+```
+
+Push your changes to pass the first stage:
+
+```
+git add .
+git commit -m "pass 1st stage" # any msg
+git push origin master
+```