implement linting and formatting process

[hutch3232]

Description

I would recommend ruff (https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/). I've been using it for about 2 years and really like it. Very fast, ergonomic, solid tooling (has GitHub Actions). Same creators as uv which this project uses.

Could use this issue to decide on which rules to enforce, should the idea be accepted.

Do you have any additional supporting notes?

Previously suggested in a comment here: #621 (comment)

I'd be happy to contribute to this implementation. I made a small related change already here: #650

[kennethshsu]

HI @hutch3232, this has been brought up a few times already, and I think the consensus is that we do not want to use a linter at the project level on here. I personally use black, and I think some others use their own favorites.