diff --git a/.claude/commands/check-unit-tests-redundancy.md b/.claude/commands/check-unit-tests-redundancy.md
index 08845a514..e4b0bdf27 100644
--- a/.claude/commands/check-unit-tests-redundancy.md
+++ b/.claude/commands/check-unit-tests-redundancy.md
@@ -95,4 +95,4 @@ Before finalizing:
 - [ ] Redundancy report has been generated
 - [ ] No useful tests were accidentally removed
 - [ ] Remaining tests still provide comprehensive coverage
-- [ ] `__init__.py` files are updated if needed
\ No newline at end of file
+- [ ] `__init__.py` files are updated if needed
diff --git a/.claude/commands/commit.md b/.claude/commands/commit.md
index db5d36771..3cfd83c75 100644
--- a/.claude/commands/commit.md
+++ b/.claude/commands/commit.md
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ Generate a commit message for the current staged changes, then create the commit
 - Never use `--no-verify` or skip pre-commit hooks.
 - If the pre-commit hook fails, fix the issue and create a NEW commit (do not amend).
 - Never push unless the user explicitly asks.
-- If there are no changes to commit, inform the user and stop.
\ No newline at end of file
+- If there are no changes to commit, inform the user and stop.
diff --git a/.claude/commands/debug-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md b/.claude/commands/debug-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
index f1aa268ed..216a0ec04 100644
--- a/.claude/commands/debug-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
+++ b/.claude/commands/debug-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
@@ -131,4 +131,4 @@ Before considering debugging complete:
 - [ ] All potential bugs have been flagged to user
 - [ ] Changes are documented with reasoning
 - [ ] Edge cases discovered are documented
-- [ ] If any modules have been updated, they've also been reformatted using black
\ No newline at end of file
+- [ ] If any modules have been updated, they've also been reformatted using black
diff --git a/.claude/commands/make-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md b/.claude/commands/make-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
index 6a162ad96..c74107487 100644
--- a/.claude/commands/make-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
+++ b/.claude/commands/make-unit-tests-and-fixtures.md
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ Before finalizing:
 - [ ] Tests are independent
 - [ ] Naming is consistent with project patterns
 - [ ] Style guidelines are followed
-- [ ] `__init__.py` files are updated
\ No newline at end of file
+- [ ] `__init__.py` files are updated
diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
index 78a2880db..bece14a70 100644
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
 /.pre-commit-config.yaml    @camUrban
 **/pyproject.toml           @camUrban
 **/requirements*.txt        @camUrban
-**/setup.cfg                @camUrban
\ No newline at end of file
+**/setup.cfg                @camUrban
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41f0e18bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+    groups:
+      actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+  - package-ecosystem: pre-commit
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+    groups:
+      pre-commit:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
diff --git a/.github/pull_request_template.md b/.github/pull_request_template.md
index 5bf64e4f6..a671e570b 100644
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Link any related issues using GitHub's syntax. For bugs, write, "Fixes #<issue n
 
 ## Changes
 
-List the changes you made in bullet points.
+* List the changes you made in bullet points.
 
 ## Dependency Updates
 
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ Identify the option that best describes the impact of your change, then delete t
 * [ ] If any major functionality was added or significantly changed, I have added or updated tests in the `tests` package.
 * [ ] Code locally passes all tests in the `tests` package.
 * [ ] This PR passes the ReadTheDocs build check (this runs automatically with the other workflows).
-* [ ] This PR passes the `black`, `codespell`, and `isort` GitHub actions.
+* [ ] This PR passes the `ascii-only`, `black`, `codespell`, `docformatter`, `isort`, and `pre-commit-hooks` GitHub actions.
 * [ ] This PR passes the `mypy` GitHub action.
-* [ ] This PR passes all the `tests` GitHub actions.
\ No newline at end of file
+* [ ] This PR passes all the `tests` GitHub actions.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ascii-only.yml b/.github/workflows/ascii-only.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c0aa17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ascii-only.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: ascii-only
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  ascii-only:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Python 3.13
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Install pre-commit
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install pre-commit
+      - name: Run ascii-only hook
+        run: pre-commit run --all-files ascii-only
diff --git a/.github/workflows/black.yml b/.github/workflows/black.yml
index 7a67c210f..3fb04ad99 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/black.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/black.yml
@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   black:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: psf/black@stable
\ No newline at end of file
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: psf/black@c6755bb741b6481d6b3d3bb563c83fa060db96c9 # 26.3.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codespell.yml b/.github/workflows/codespell.yml
index 296b64774..4714b6cf7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codespell.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codespell.yml
@@ -5,12 +5,17 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   codespell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@406322ec52dd7b488e48c1c4b82e2a8b3a1bf630 # v2
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           ignore_words_file: .codespell-ignore.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docformatter.yml b/.github/workflows/docformatter.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca7a2393f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/docformatter.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: docformatter
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  docformatter:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Python 3.13
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Install pre-commit
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install pre-commit
+      - name: Run docformatter hook
+        run: pre-commit run --all-files docformatter
diff --git a/.github/workflows/isort.yml b/.github/workflows/isort.yml
index a29d87d2e..d7a34ccdb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/isort.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/isort.yml
@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   isort:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: isort/isort-action@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: isort/isort-action@24d8a7a51d33ca7f36c3f23598dafa33f7071326 # v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
index 9f113b619..f27e336d2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,18 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   mypy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
           cache: 'pip'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pre-commit-hooks.yml b/.github/workflows/pre-commit-hooks.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c48a5dfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pre-commit-hooks.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: pre-commit-hooks
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  pre-commit-hooks:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { hook: end-of-file-fixer,                    name: end-of-files }
+          - { hook: trailing-whitespace,                  name: trailing-whitespace }
+          - { hook: mixed-line-ending,                    name: mixed-line-endings }
+          - { hook: fix-byte-order-marker,                name: byte-order-marks }
+          - { hook: requirements-txt-fixer,               name: requirements-txt }
+          - { hook: check-merge-conflict,                 name: merge-conflicts }
+          - { hook: check-case-conflict,                  name: case-conflicts }
+          - { hook: check-illegal-windows-names,          name: illegal-names }
+          - { hook: check-symlinks,                       name: lost-symlinks }
+          - { hook: destroyed-symlinks,                   name: destroyed-symlinks }
+          - { hook: check-yaml,                           name: yaml-files }
+          - { hook: check-toml,                           name: toml-files }
+          - { hook: check-xml,                            name: xml-files }
+          - { hook: check-json,                           name: json-files }
+          - { hook: detect-private-key,                   name: private-keys }
+          - { hook: forbid-submodules,                    name: submodules }
+          - { hook: check-vcs-permalinks,                 name: vcs-permalinks }
+          - { hook: check-executables-have-shebangs,      name: exec-shebangs }
+          - { hook: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable, name: shebang-execs }
+          - { hook: check-added-large-files,              name: large-files }
+          - { hook: debug-statements,                     name: debug-statements }
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Python 3.13
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Install pre-commit
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install pre-commit
+      - name: Run ${{ matrix.name }} hook
+        run: pre-commit run --all-files ${{ matrix.hook }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5906a6671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: publish
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: publish
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: pypi
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write  # OIDC token used to authenticate to PyPI as a trusted publisher.
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Install build
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install build
+      - name: Build package
+        run: python -m build
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index a313610c3..5c50b40b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -13,46 +16,48 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         dependency-set: ["min", "latest"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        cache: 'pip'
-        cache-dependency-path: |
-          requirements.txt
-          requirements_min.txt
-    - name: Setup headless display
-      uses: pyvista/setup-headless-display-action@v3
-    - name: Install minimum dependencies
-      if: ${{ matrix.dependency-set == 'min' }}
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install -r requirements_min.txt
-    - name: Install latest dependencies
-      if: ${{ matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install -r requirements.txt
-    - name: Install Codecov
-      if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
-      run: |
-        pip install codecov
-    - name: Run tests without coverage
-      if: ${{ !(matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest') }}
-      run: |
-        python -m unittest discover -s tests
-    - name: Run tests with coverage and generate coverage report
-      if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
-      env:
-        NUMBA_JIT_COVERAGE: "1"
-      run: |
-        coverage run --source=pterasoftware -m unittest discover -s tests
-        coverage xml -o coverage.xml
-    - name: Upload coverage report to Codecov
-      if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
-      with:
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        files: ./coverage.xml
-        fail_ci_if_error: true
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: 'pip'
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            requirements.txt
+            requirements_min.txt
+      - name: Setup headless display
+        uses: pyvista/setup-headless-display-action@9c1c7435d9635423c90d2c37489588c81673274a # v3
+      - name: Install minimum dependencies
+        if: ${{ matrix.dependency-set == 'min' }}
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install -r requirements_min.txt
+      - name: Install latest dependencies
+        if: ${{ matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install -r requirements.txt
+      - name: Install Codecov
+        if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
+        run: |
+          pip install codecov
+      - name: Run tests without coverage
+        if: ${{ !(matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest') }}
+        run: |
+          python -m unittest discover -s tests
+      - name: Run tests with coverage and generate coverage report
+        if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
+        env:
+          NUMBA_JIT_COVERAGE: "1"
+        run: |
+          coverage run --source=pterasoftware -m unittest discover -s tests
+          coverage xml -o coverage.xml
+      - name: Upload coverage report to Codecov
+        if: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.13' && matrix.dependency-set == 'latest' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@75cd11691c0faa626561e295848008c8a7dddffe # v5
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
diff --git a/.idea/.name b/.idea/.name
index cb123527f..2b0987bd1 100644
--- a/.idea/.name
+++ b/.idea/.name
@@ -1 +1 @@
-PteraSoftware
\ No newline at end of file
+PteraSoftware
diff --git a/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml b/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml
index 9e5f617f7..053e57bca 100644
--- a/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml
+++ b/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@
   <component name="PyDocumentationSettings">
     <option name="renderExternalDocumentation" value="true" />
   </component>
-</module>
\ No newline at end of file
+</module>
diff --git a/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml b/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
index 853ebbd1c..cfb6c2c84 100644
--- a/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
+++ b/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@
       <option name="WRAP_ON_TYPING" value="0" />
     </codeStyleSettings>
   </code_scheme>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml b/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
index 79ee123c2..0f7bc519d 100644
--- a/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
+++ b/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
   <state>
     <option name="USE_PER_PROJECT_SETTINGS" value="true" />
   </state>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.agent.xml b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.agent.xml
index 4ea72a911..174f94fb5 100644
--- a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.agent.xml
+++ b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.agent.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="AgentMigrationStateService">
     <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask.xml b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask.xml
index 7ef04e2ea..192e3538a 100644
--- a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask.xml
+++ b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="AskMigrationStateService">
     <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask2agent.xml b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask2agent.xml
index 1f2ea11e7..135d28244 100644
--- a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask2agent.xml
+++ b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask2agent.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="Ask2AgentMigrationStateService">
     <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.edit.xml b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.edit.xml
index 8648f9401..906443afe 100644
--- a/.idea/copilot.data.migration.edit.xml
+++ b/.idea/copilot.data.migration.edit.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="EditMigrationStateService">
     <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/dictionaries/project.xml b/.idea/dictionaries/project.xml
index 0816a0de9..8cdbf60aa 100644
--- a/.idea/dictionaries/project.xml
+++ b/.idea/dictionaries/project.xml
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
       <w>jaffe</w>
       <w>joong</w>
       <w>joukowski</w>
-      <w>jérôme</w>
+      <w>jerome</w>
       <w>karman</w>
       <w>katz</w>
       <w>klappe</w>
@@ -282,4 +282,4 @@
       <w>zy'x</w>
     </words>
   </dictionary>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/icon.svg b/.idea/icon.svg
index e4dd5b771..807aef38f 100644
--- a/.idea/icon.svg
+++ b/.idea/icon.svg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="144" height="144" viewBox="0 0 144 144"><image width="144" height="144" xlink:href="data:image/png;base64,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"></image><style>@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) { :root { filter: none; } }
 @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { filter: none; } }
-</style></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+</style></svg>
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Ptera_Software_Default.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Ptera_Software_Default.xml
index afb52adc4..eae369ca9 100644
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Ptera_Software_Default.xml
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Ptera_Software_Default.xml
@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@
     <inspection_tool class="PyUnresolvedReferencesInspection" enabled="false" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="false" />
     <inspection_tool class="ReassignedToPlainText" enabled="false" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="false" />
   </profile>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
index e64363777..ff2c0978a 100644
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
     <option name="PROJECT_PROFILE" value="Ptera Software Default" />
     <version value="1.0" />
   </settings>
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/jsonCatalog.xml b/.idea/jsonCatalog.xml
index d17484515..0c5ca9df2 100644
--- a/.idea/jsonCatalog.xml
+++ b/.idea/jsonCatalog.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="JsonSchemaCatalogProjectConfiguration">
     <preferRemoteSchemas>true</preferRemoteSchemas>
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/markdown.xml b/.idea/markdown.xml
index f6d2542c5..a3e605522 100644
--- a/.idea/markdown.xml
+++ b/.idea/markdown.xml
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
   <component name="MarkdownSettings">
     <option name="showProblemsInCodeBlocks" value="false" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
index 0774a0871..672b2c994 100644
--- a/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
   <component name="PythonCompatibilityInspectionAdvertiser">
     <option name="version" value="3" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
index 9e184ecaf..66f8c9e9e 100644
--- a/.idea/modules.xml
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/../PteraSoftware/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/../PteraSoftware/.idea/PteraSoftware.iml" />
     </modules>
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/other.xml b/.idea/other.xml
index 640fd80b8..6ab7d1707 100644
--- a/.idea/other.xml
+++ b/.idea/other.xml
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
     <option name="PY_SCI_VIEW" value="true" />
     <option name="PY_SCI_VIEW_SUGGESTED" value="true" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/scopes/to_inspect.xml b/.idea/scopes/to_inspect.xml
index 03b42c7fc..18be87afc 100644
--- a/.idea/scopes/to_inspect.xml
+++ b/.idea/scopes/to_inspect.xml
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 <component name="DependencyValidationManager">
   <scope name="to_inspect" pattern="file[PteraSoftware]:*/&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:.idea/codeStyles//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:.idea/dictionaries//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:.idea/inspectionProfiles//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:.idea/scopes//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:.idea//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:experimental//*&amp;&amp;!file:gui/_resources/textdialog.py&amp;&amp;!file:gui/_resources/main_window.py&amp;&amp;!file:gui/_resources/main_window.ui&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:tests/references/*&amp;&amp;!file:.codespell-ignore.txt&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:docs/_build//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:docs/katz_plotkin_13_12//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:docs/lambert_2015_2_3__2_4//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:docs/website//*&amp;&amp;!file:requirements_min.txt&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:docs/private//*&amp;&amp;!file[PteraSoftware]:PteraSoftware.egg-info//*" />
-</component>
\ No newline at end of file
+</component>
diff --git a/.idea/statistic.xml b/.idea/statistic.xml
index 5c67dbb40..8733387be 100644
--- a/.idea/statistic.xml
+++ b/.idea/statistic.xml
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
index 87b34079d..24460c42b 100644
--- a/.idea/vcs.xml
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
     <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
     <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/private" vcs="Git" />
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.idea/watcherTasks.xml b/.idea/watcherTasks.xml
index c9a8c062d..0831341c9 100644
--- a/.idea/watcherTasks.xml
+++ b/.idea/watcherTasks.xml
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@
       <envs />
     </TaskOptions>
   </component>
-</project>
\ No newline at end of file
+</project>
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 27089e349..8a97e5c3c 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,20 +1,90 @@
 repos:
+  # Fixers: normalize bytes first so later hooks see clean files.
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+        name: fixer    end-of-files
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+        name: fixer    trailing-whitespace
+      - id: mixed-line-ending
+        name: fixer    mixed-line-endings
+        args: [--fix=lf]
+      - id: fix-byte-order-marker
+        name: fixer    byte-order-marks
+      - id: requirements-txt-fixer
+        name: fixer    requirements-txt
+  # Auto-formatters: rewrite code on top of the normalized bytes.
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 7.0.0
+    rev: dac090ce4d9ee313d086e2e89ab1acb8c2664fa1  # frozen: 9.0.0a3
     hooks:
       - id: isort
+        name: fixer    isort
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 25.11.0
+    rev: c6755bb741b6481d6b3d3bb563c83fa060db96c9  # frozen: 26.3.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
-  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.4.1
-    hooks:
-      - id: codespell
+        name: fixer    black
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/docformatter
-    rev: v1.7.7
+    rev: 0032269a0e65c068af9cd86c9a8859a0ddd568d6  # frozen: v1.7.8
     hooks:
       - id: docformatter
+        name: fixer    docformatter
         additional_dependencies: [tomli]
         args: [--in-place, --config, ./pyproject.toml]
-        files: ^pterasoftware/
\ No newline at end of file
+        files: ^pterasoftware/
+  # Validators: read-only, run against the final state.
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+        name: checker  merge-conflicts
+      - id: check-case-conflict
+        name: checker  case-conflicts
+      - id: check-illegal-windows-names
+        name: checker  illegal-names
+      - id: check-symlinks
+        name: checker  lost-symlinks
+      - id: destroyed-symlinks
+        name: checker  destroyed-symlinks
+      - id: check-yaml
+        name: checker  yaml-files
+      - id: check-toml
+        name: checker  toml-files
+      - id: check-xml
+        name: checker  xml-files
+      - id: check-json
+        name: checker  json-files
+      - id: detect-private-key
+        name: checker  private-keys
+      - id: forbid-submodules
+        name: checker  submodules
+      - id: check-vcs-permalinks
+        name: checker  vcs-permalinks
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+        name: checker  exec-shebangs
+      - id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
+        name: checker  shebang-execs
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+        name: checker  large-files
+      - id: debug-statements
+        name: checker  debug-statements
+  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
+    rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
+    hooks:
+      - id: codespell
+        name: checker  codespell
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: ascii-only
+        name: checker  ascii-only
+        entry: python scripts/check_ascii_only.py
+        language: system
+        types: [text]
+        exclude: '\.ui$'
+      - id: mypy
+        name: checker  mypy
+        entry: mypy pterasoftware
+        language: system
+        always_run: true
+        pass_filenames: false
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index d37e81f52..6ea842aae 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@ Requires Python 3.11, but active development is done in 3.13
         - `bug_report.md`
         - `feature_request.md`
     - `workflows/`: Directory with GitHub Actions workflows
+        - `ascii-only.yml`
         - `black.yml`
         - `codespell.yml`
+        - `docformatter.yml`
         - `isort.yml`
         - `mypy.yml`
+        - `pre-commit-hooks.yml`
         - `tests.yml`
     - `pull_request_template.md`
 - `.venv/`: Directory for the Python virtual environment (not included in version control)
@@ -107,6 +110,8 @@ Requires Python 3.11, but active development is done in 3.13
     - `steady_ring_vortex_lattice_method.py`: Steady ring VLM solver
     - `trim.py`: Trim analysis functionality
     - `unsteady_ring_vortex_lattice_method.py`: Unsteady ring UVLM solver
+- `scripts/`: Directory with maintenance and tooling scripts
+    - `check_ascii_only.py`: Pre-commit hook script that flags non-ASCII characters in text files
 - `tests/`: Directory with unit and integration tests
     - `benchmarks/`: Performance benchmark scripts and saved results
         - `bench_parallel_biot_savart.py`
@@ -204,26 +209,6 @@ Requires Python 3.11, but active development is done in 3.13
 - `requirements_min.txt`: Minimum-version runtime dependencies
 - `setup.cfg`: Setup configuration file
 
-## Running Scripts That Import Ptera Software
-
-When running scripts outside the main pterasoftware directory that import the package (e.g., scripts in `experimental/`), you need to set `PYTHONPATH` to the project root:
-
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE}/experimental && PYTHONPATH="$PWD/.." ../.venv/Scripts/python.exe script_name.py
-```
-
-On Unix-like systems:
-
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE}/experimental && PYTHONPATH="$PWD/.." ../.venv/bin/python script_name.py
-```
-
-This pattern:
-
-1. Changes to the script's directory
-2. Sets `PYTHONPATH` to the parent directory (project root)
-3. Runs the script using the virtual environment's Python interpreter
-
 ## Common Mistakes
 
 - Forgetting to read RUNNING_TESTS_AND_TYPE_CHECKS.md before running tests and trying to use pytest (Ptera Software uses unittest)
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 5cac91036..60a459a83 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Ptera Software now uses GitHub Flow to manage code contributions. If this is new
 
    Some issues and pull requests (PRs) may represent work that is actively under design or refinement.
 
-   If a PR exists, or if an issue has been assigned to or claimed by someone else, please do **not** start parallel implementation work without first checking in via a comment. A short message like "Are you still actively working on this?" or "Is this a good time to help with X?” is usually sufficient.
+   If a PR exists, or if an issue has been assigned to or claimed by someone else, please do **not** start parallel implementation work without first checking in via a comment. A short message like "Are you still actively working on this?" or "Is this a good time to help with X?" is usually sufficient.
 
    This helps avoid duplicated effort and ensures that contributions align with the current design direction.
 2. **Set up your local environment**
@@ -97,6 +97,46 @@ Ptera Software now uses GitHub Flow to manage code contributions. If this is new
     deactivate
     ```
     **Note:** If you use PyCharm, the repository includes a pre-configured `.idea` directory with code style settings and inspection profiles. If you use Claude Code, the repository also includes a pre-configured `CLAUDE.md` file and a `.claude` directory with permission and sandbox settings.
+
+   #### PyCharm Setup
+
+   The repository tracks a small set of `.idea/` files for shared code style and inspection settings, and PyCharm rewrites them on your machine whenever you open the project. To keep these local rewrites out of your commits, run two commands once from the project root after cloning.
+
+   First, add `.idea/` to your personal exclude file so any new `.idea/` files PyCharm creates do not appear in `git status`. This file lives only in your clone and is never committed:
+
+   ```shell
+   echo ".idea/" >> .git/info/exclude
+   ```
+
+   Second, mark every currently-tracked `.idea/` file with `skip-worktree` so PyCharm rewriting them does not appear in `git status` either. Run this in a shell that supports pipes (Git Bash on Windows, Terminal on macOS, or any Linux shell):
+
+   ```shell
+   git ls-files .idea/ | xargs git update-index --skip-worktree
+   ```
+
+   The tracked `.idea/` files remain in the repository, but local modifications to them are ignored. Before opening a PR, confirm that `git status` does not list anything inside `.idea/`.
+
+   If a future pull from `upstream/main` legitimately updates one of the tracked `.idea/` files, `git pull` will refuse with an error like:
+
+   ```
+   error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
+           .idea/<some-file>
+   Please commit your changes or stash them before you merge.
+   Aborting
+   ```
+
+   If every file listed in the error is inside `.idea/`, discard your local versions (PyCharm will rewrite them the next time you open the project) and pull again:
+
+   ```shell
+   git checkout HEAD -- .idea/
+   git pull
+   ```
+
+   If any listed file is outside `.idea/`, stop and ask in a [discussion](https://github.com/camUrban/PteraSoftware/discussions) before running anything else.
+
+   #### Pre-commit Hooks
+
+   The hooks in `.pre-commit-config.yaml` are SHA-pinned with `# frozen: <tag>` comments, so Dependabot can manage bumps with a 7-day cooldown that gives the community time to catch a malicious release before it reaches us. Do not run `pre-commit autoupdate` directly: it rewrites every `rev:` field back to a moving tag and undoes the pinning.
 3. **Create a new branch**
     - Branch from main for each change.
     - Use descriptive branch names, such as `feature/add_new_plot` or `bug/fix_units`.
@@ -126,7 +166,7 @@ Ptera Software now uses GitHub Flow to manage code contributions. If this is new
     - Include references, derivations, or reasoning where appropriate.
     - Add tests that validate the behavior against known physical expectations (e.g., symmetry, limiting cases, conservation behavior).
 
-   If you’re unsure whether a change falls into this category, feel free to ask in the issue or PR thread before investing significant effort.
+   If you're unsure whether a change falls into this category, feel free to ask in the issue or PR thread before investing significant effort.
 5. **Commit your work**
     - Run automated checks locally:
     ```shell
@@ -155,25 +195,25 @@ Ptera Software now uses GitHub Flow to manage code contributions. If this is new
    This will open Nano, where you enter your commit message above the commented out `#` lines. Please follow best practices for commit messages. Below is a lightly adapted version of [Tim Pope's famous sample commit message](https://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html):
     ```shell
     Capitalized, short (50 chars or less) summary
-    
+
     More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72
     characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the
     subject of an email and the rest of the text as the body. The blank
     line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless you omit
     the body entirely); tools like rebase can get confused if you run the
     two together.
-    
+
     Write your commit message in the imperative: "Fix bug" and not "Fixed
     bug" or "Fixes bug." This convention matches up with commit messages
     generated by commands like git merge and git revert.
-    
+
     Further paragraphs come after blank lines.
-    
+
     - Bullet points are okay, too
-    
+
     - Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, followed by a
       single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions vary here
-    
+
     - Use a hanging indent
     ```
    Once you are satisfied with your commit message, enter Ctrl+O and Ctrl+X to save and exit, which will trigger the commit. Alternatively, with an empty commit message, enter Ctrl+X to exit and abort the commit.
@@ -201,4 +241,4 @@ Ptera Software now uses GitHub Flow to manage code contributions. If this is new
 
 ## Release Process
 
-Ptera Software follows [SemVer](https://semver.org/) conventions for release naming and uses [GitHub Flow](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-github/github-flow) for branching. Releases include a version bump and deployment to GitHub and PyPI once every few months, plus on-demand releases for critical bug fixes.
\ No newline at end of file
+Ptera Software follows [SemVer](https://semver.org/) conventions for release naming and uses [GitHub Flow](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-github/github-flow) for branching. Releases include a version bump and deployment to GitHub and PyPI once every few months, plus on-demand releases for critical bug fixes.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d947e139e..67976f583 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 ***
 
-[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/249337717.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19229119)
-![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/camUrban/PteraSoftware?color=blue)
+[![DOI](https://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.5281/zenodo.19229119-blue)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19229119)
+![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue)
 ![build](https://github.com/camUrban/PteraSoftware/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)
 ![coverage](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/gh/camUrban/PteraSoftware)
 ![python](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pterasoftware)
 ![types](https://img.shields.io/pypi/types/pterasoftware)
-![code style](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-black)
+![code style](https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-black-black)
 ![source rank](https://img.shields.io/librariesio/sourcerank/pypi/PteraSoftware?color=blue&label=source%20rank)
 
 ***
diff --git a/docs/AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md b/docs/AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md
index 6a976184d..84d83242b 100644
--- a/docs/AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md
+++ b/docs/AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ The standard abbreviations and names are given below for reference. See the sect
     1. +x: In line with (parallel, not anti-parallel, to) Airplane's velocity observed from the Earth frame
     2. +y: In the direction perpendicular to first and third components\*
     3. +z: In the direction perpendicular to first and second components\*
-* \*There are infinite options for the second and third components that satisfy the perpendicularity requirement. Therefore, we define them using a thought experiment: Imagine three unit vectors pointing along the body axes' basis directions. There is exactly one pair of angles, which we'll call -α (note the negative sign) and β, that we can use to perform a y-z extrinsic series (or, equivalently, a z-y' intrinsic series) of rotations to construct wind axes from body axes that will exactly align the x-axis with Airplane's velocity observed from the Earth frame. This series of rotations also constructs the wind axes +y and +z basis directions.
-  The two angles α and β are known as the angle of attack and the angle of sideslip. Wind axes are commonly defined using these angles. This is because they are intuitively understood by many aerodynamicists: in the simplest scenarios, a positive α corresponds to the Airplane's nose pointing above its direction of travel (relative wind coming from below the aircraft), and a positive β to its nose pointing to the left of its direction of travel (relative wind coming from the right of the aircraft). However, this can seem a bit cyclical, and it obscures some subtlety in their definition: defining α and β using the convention described previously allows us to define lift as the aerodynamic force's component in the wind axes' -z basis direction, thereby making lift independent of sideslip.
-* Alternative way to think about basis directions (for small |α| and |β|):
+* \*There are infinite options for the second and third components that satisfy the perpendicularity requirement. Therefore, we define them using a thought experiment: Imagine three unit vectors pointing along the body axes' basis directions. There is exactly one pair of angles, which we'll call -alpha (note the negative sign) and beta, that we can use to perform a y-z extrinsic series (or, equivalently, a z-y' intrinsic series) of rotations to construct wind axes from body axes that will exactly align the x-axis with Airplane's velocity observed from the Earth frame. This series of rotations also constructs the wind axes +y and +z basis directions.
+  The two angles alpha and beta are known as the angle of attack and the angle of sideslip. Wind axes are commonly defined using these angles. This is because they are intuitively understood by many aerodynamicists: in the simplest scenarios, a positive alpha corresponds to the Airplane's nose pointing above its direction of travel (relative wind coming from below the aircraft), and a positive beta to its nose pointing to the left of its direction of travel (relative wind coming from the right of the aircraft). However, this can seem a bit cyclical, and it obscures some subtlety in their definition: defining alpha and beta using the convention described previously allows us to define lift as the aerodynamic force's component in the wind axes' -z basis direction, thereby making lift independent of sideslip.
+* Alternative way to think about basis directions (for small |alpha| and |beta|):
     1. +x: Approximately towards the front of the Airplane
     2. +y: Approximately towards the right of the Airplane
     3. +z: Approximately towards the bottom of the Airplane
diff --git a/docs/CODE_STYLE.md b/docs/CODE_STYLE.md
index 8f39dd014..51f11333b 100644
--- a/docs/CODE_STYLE.md
+++ b/docs/CODE_STYLE.md
@@ -13,16 +13,28 @@
 - **CRITICAL**: Follow the formalized coordinate system naming conventions exactly as described in the `AXES_AND_COORDINATE_SYSTEMS.md` and `AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md` documents when naming vector-valued variables or things such as transformation and rotation matrices.
 - Do not use `wcs` (or any other abbreviation) for "wing cross section" or "WingCrossSection" in variable names. Instead, always write it out in full (e.g., `wing_cross_section`, `wing_cross_section_movement`, etc.).
 
-## Formatting with Black
+## Running Black
 
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/python.exe" black .
+Black is configured as a pre-commit hook. Run it with:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files black
+```
+
+## Running CodeSpell
+
+CodeSpell is configured as a pre-commit hook. Run it with:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files codespell
 ```
 
-## Running a CodeSpell Spell Check
+## Running mypy
+
+mypy is configured as a pre-commit hook. Run it with:
 
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/codespell.exe" --ignore-words=.codespell-ignore.txt --skip="*/_build/*,*.dat"
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files mypy
 ```
 
 ## Imports
@@ -32,4 +44,4 @@ cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/codespell.exe" --ignore-words=.codespell-ignor
 
 ## Miscellaneous Guidelines
 
-- Use `np.deg2rad` and `np.rad2deg` for angle conversions instead of `np.radians` and `np.degrees` or manual conversions.
\ No newline at end of file
+- Use `np.deg2rad` and `np.rad2deg` for angle conversions instead of `np.radians` and `np.degrees` or manual conversions.
diff --git a/docs/RUNNING_TESTS_AND_TYPE_CHECKS.md b/docs/RUNNING_TESTS_AND_TYPE_CHECKS.md
index f0cea402e..db1ddc50c 100644
--- a/docs/RUNNING_TESTS_AND_TYPE_CHECKS.md
+++ b/docs/RUNNING_TESTS_AND_TYPE_CHECKS.md
@@ -1,33 +1,78 @@
 # Running Tests and Type Checks
 
-Guidelines for Claude on running tests and type checks for Ptera Software. For developers, see the `CONTRIBUTING.md` file for more instructions.
+> This document describes how AI coding agents (Claude Code and similar) should invoke linters, formatters, type checkers, tests, and ad-hoc scripts when working on Ptera Software. **Human contributors should follow [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](../CONTRIBUTING.md) instead**, which documents the developer-facing workflow.
 
-## Running Tests
+The guidance below assumes the project's virtual environment has already been created and activated, and that the package has been installed in editable mode via `pip install -e .` per the setup steps in `CONTRIBUTING.md`. These steps are part of normal project setup and are not repeated here. When the venv is active, `python`, `mypy`, `pre-commit`, and the other tools resolve to their venv copies on `PATH`.
 
+## Linters, Formatters, and Spell-Checkers
+
+Every tool configured as a hook in `.pre-commit-config.yaml` (currently `end-of-file-fixer`, `trailing-whitespace`, `mixed-line-ending`, `fix-byte-order-marker`, `requirements-txt-fixer`, `isort`, `black`, `docformatter`, `check-merge-conflict`, `check-case-conflict`, `check-illegal-windows-names`, `check-symlinks`, `destroyed-symlinks`, `check-yaml`, `check-toml`, `check-xml`, `check-json`, `detect-private-key`, `forbid-submodules`, `check-vcs-permalinks`, `check-executables-have-shebangs`, `check-shebang-scripts-are-executable`, `check-added-large-files`, `debug-statements`, `codespell`, `ascii-only`, `mypy`) must always be invoked through pre-commit, never directly:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files                                 # every hook, every tracked file
+pre-commit run --all-files codespell                       # one hook against the whole tree
+pre-commit run --files pterasoftware/foo.py docformatter   # one hook against specific files
 ```
-Bash(.venv/Scripts/python.exe:-m:unittest:discover:-s:${WORKSPACE}/tests:*)
-```
 
-If that fails, try:
+Note that `pre-commit run <hook>` without `--all-files` or `--files` only runs the hook against files currently staged in git, which is rarely what you want when verifying work in progress.
+
+Invoking a bare entry point such as `codespell ...` or `docformatter ...` is forbidden. The bare version can disagree with the pre-commit version because pre-commit pins each hook to a specific release in its own isolated environment, while the venv copy may have drifted ahead or behind. The pre-commit run is the source of truth that CI uses.
+
+## Type Checking
 
+mypy is configured as a pre-commit hook and reads `mypy.ini` from the project root automatically. Run it with:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files mypy
 ```
-Bash(.venv/bin/python:-m:unittest:discover:-s:${WORKSPACE}/tests:*)
+
+## Tests
+
+Ptera Software uses the standard library's `unittest`, not pytest. Run the full suite from the activated venv:
+
+```shell
+python -u -m unittest discover -s tests
 ```
 
-To run a specific test module in `tests\unit\`:
+For a single module:
 
+```shell
+python -u -m unittest tests.unit.test_module_name -v
 ```
-".venv/Scripts/python.exe" -m unittest tests.unit.test_module_name -v
+
+For a single test method:
+
+```shell
+python -u -m unittest tests.unit.test_module_name.TestClass.test_method -v
 ```
 
-For example:
+## Example and Experimental Scripts
+
+The package is editable-installed, so any script that imports `pterasoftware` works from any working directory with the bare interpreter:
 
+```shell
+python -u examples/steady_horseshoe_vortex_lattice_method_solver.py
+python -u experimental/<whatever>.py
 ```
-".venv/Scripts/python.exe" -m unittest tests.unit.test_core_wing_cross_section_movement -v
+
+Do not prefix with `.venv/bin/python` or `.venv/Scripts/python.exe`, do not set `PYTHONPATH`, and do not chain `cd <project-root> && ...`. The activated venv puts the right interpreter on `PATH` and the editable install handles import resolution.
+
+## Output Discipline
+
+The harness captures Bash stdout through a pipe, so Python defaults to block-buffered output. Without intervention, a ten minute simulation can sit silent for the entire run and then dump everything at exit. To keep the user able to see what is happening:
+
+- **Always pass `python -u`** (or `python -u -m`) when invoking Python directly so stdout and stderr are line-buffered. For a tool that buffers regardless of how it is invoked, set `PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1` in the shell.
+- **Never pipe** a running command's output through `tail`, `head`, `grep`, `sed`, `awk`, or any filter that batches the stream. These swallow output and emit only the trimmed remainder at exit, defeating real-time visibility.
+- **Never redirect to `/dev/null`.** If output should be discarded, say so in the conversation first so the user knows nothing is being captured.
+- **Short runs (under about five minutes): foreground, no redirect.** Let output stream directly into the conversation.
+- **Long runs: redirect to `experimental/<descriptive>.log`** with the path written plainly in the Bash command, combined with `run_in_background: true` so the harness tracks completion. The `experimental/` directory is gitignored (`/experimental/` appears in `.gitignore`), so the log cannot accidentally be committed. Read excerpts from the log at meaningful checkpoints and surface them in the conversation. Never let a backgrounded job finish with no output visible to the user.
+
+Example pattern for a long run:
+
+```shell
+python -u experimental/long_running_thing.py > experimental/long_running_thing.log 2>&1
 ```
 
-## Running MyPy Type Checking
+Launched with `run_in_background: true`, the file grows line by line as the script runs and can be Read at any time.
 
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/python.exe" -m mypy pterasoftware
-```
\ No newline at end of file
+The trailing `2>&1` is required: it duplicates stderr to wherever stdout is going, so Python's logging output, NumPy/PyVista warnings, and tracebacks (all of which default to stderr) land in the same visible log instead of splitting off into the harness's separate stderr capture. Order matters: `> <file> 2>&1` works; `2>&1 > <file>` leaves stderr on the terminal.
diff --git a/docs/TYPE_HINT_AND_DOCSTRING_STYLE.md b/docs/TYPE_HINT_AND_DOCSTRING_STYLE.md
index 019c722f2..95b032691 100644
--- a/docs/TYPE_HINT_AND_DOCSTRING_STYLE.md
+++ b/docs/TYPE_HINT_AND_DOCSTRING_STYLE.md
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ panel = cast(_panel.Panel, object_array[i, j])
 - You're certain of the type but can't prove it to the type checker
 - No runtime check is needed
 
-**Avoid `cast()` for `Type | None` → `Type` narrowing** - use `assert` instead for runtime safety.
+**Avoid `cast()` for `Type | None` -> `Type` narrowing** - use `assert` instead for runtime safety.
 
 ### Module Alias Pattern
 
@@ -187,11 +187,10 @@ This approach:
 4. **Begin descriptions with article + shape/type info for arrays** (e.g., "A (4,4) ndarray of floats...")
 5. **Use present tense for descriptions** (e.g., "Returns..." not "Will return...")
 6. **Avoid starting descriptions with "This..."**
-7. **Never use em-dashes (—) or en-dashes (–); always use hyphens (-)**
-8. **Never use multiplication sign (×); use lowercase x**
-9. **Never use pi symbol (π); write "pi"**
-10. **Never use approximately-equal sign (≈); use "~"**
-11. **Place closing triple-quotes on their own line**
+7. **Follow the ASCII Only rule in [WRITING_STYLE.md](WRITING_STYLE.md)**, which covers all character substitutions (dashes, math symbols, smart quotes, ellipsis, arrows, emojis, and other typographic Unicode) used across the project's prose, comments, and docstrings.
+8. **Place closing triple-quotes on their own line**
+9. **Summary line is a single sentence.** Any additional description goes in a new paragraph after a blank line. docformatter enforces this: if the first paragraph contains multiple sentences, it moves all but the first into a new paragraph.
+10. **No blank line between the closing triple-quotes and the next line of code.** docformatter enforces this too: a blank gap after the docstring will be removed.
 
 ### Module-Level Docstrings
 
@@ -721,9 +720,11 @@ def _get_mcl_points(
     chordwise_coordinates: np.ndarray,
 ) -> list[np.ndarray]:
     """Takes in the inner and outer Airfoils of a wing section and its normalized
-    chordwise coordinates. It returns a list of four column vectors containing the
-    normalized components of the positions of points along the mean camber line (MCL)
-    (in each Airfoil's axes, relative to each Airfoil's leading point).
+    chordwise coordinates.
+
+    It returns a list of four column vectors containing the normalized components of
+    the positions of points along the mean camber line (MCL) (in each Airfoil's axes,
+    relative to each Airfoil's leading point).
 
     :param inner_airfoil: The wing section's inner Airfoil.
     :param outer_airfoil: The wing section's outer Airfoil.
@@ -823,6 +824,7 @@ def add_control_surface(
     self, deflection: float | int, hinge_point: float | int
 ) -> Airfoil:
     """Returns a version of the Airfoil with a control surface added at a given point.
+
     It is called during meshing.
 
     :param deflection: The control deflection in degrees. Deflection downwards is
@@ -857,7 +859,9 @@ def get_resampled_mcl(
     self, mcl_fractions: np.ndarray | Sequence[float]
 ) -> np.ndarray:
     """Returns a ndarray of points along the mean camber line (MCL), resampled from the
-    mcl_A_outline attribute. It is used to discretize the MCL for meshing.
+    mcl_A_outline attribute.
+
+    It is used to discretize the MCL for meshing.
 
     :param mcl_fractions: A (N,) array-like object of floats representing normalized
         distances along the MCL (from the leading to the trailing edge) at which to
@@ -954,4 +958,3 @@ param: Type1 | Type2
 - All existing code should gradually be updated to match this style
 - Use `docformatter` or similar tools to help maintain consistent formatting
 - Shape information is critical and must always be included in docstrings for arrays
-- Avoid using hyphens or other forms of dashes in docstrings or comments. This is because they are often incorrectly wrapped by docformatter and incorrectly rendered in PyCharm's quick documentation. For example, even though not standard grammar, it's okay to write "non symmetric" instead of "non-symmetric".
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/WRITING_STYLE.md b/docs/WRITING_STYLE.md
index 6fcccff67..96a7d29ff 100644
--- a/docs/WRITING_STYLE.md
+++ b/docs/WRITING_STYLE.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Guidelines when writing comments, docstrings, and documentation for Ptera Softwa
 
 ## Terminology
 
-- **"Ptera Software"**: When writing as text, always write as two words without a hyphen, each being capitalized (never "ptera", "ptera software", or "PteraSoftware").
+- **"Ptera Software"**: When referring to the project, package, or codebase by its proper name in prose, always write "Ptera Software" as two capitalized words without a hyphen. Never use "ptera", "ptera software", "PteraSoftware", or "Ptera" alone in prose. This includes possessives ("Ptera Software's", not "Ptera's") and shortenings ("the Ptera Software solver", not "the Ptera solver"). Identifier strings keep their canonical form and are not affected: the GitHub repo name "PteraSoftware", the Python package "pterasoftware", and paths like "~/Documents/GitHub/PteraSoftware/" stay as-is.
 - **Object references**: When referring to code objects, use proper class naming convention. The capitalization indicates that we are talking about a code object, not an abstraction. You don't need to add "object" or "objects" after the class name since the capitalization already makes this clear (e.g. "update the Wings" instead of "update the Wing objects"). In summary, when talking about code objects:
     - GOOD: "the previous WingCrossSection"
     - BAD: "the previous cross section"
@@ -16,30 +16,69 @@ Guidelines when writing comments, docstrings, and documentation for Ptera Softwa
 - **Abstract references**: When referring to abstractions, use lowercase and separate individual words with a space (e.g. "an airplane's wings are used to generate lift" and "the cross section of a wing typically has a streamlined shape known as an airfoil"). This is to distinguish them from code objects.
 - **CRITICAL**: Follow the formalized coordinate system naming conventions exactly as described in the `AXES_AND_COORDINATE_SYSTEMS.md` and `AXES_POINTS_AND_FRAMES.md` documents when writing about or referencing in text vector-valued variables or things such as transformation and rotation matrices.
 
-## Running a CodeSpell Spell Check
+## Running CodeSpell
 
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/codespell.exe" --ignore-words=.codespell-ignore.txt --skip="*/_build/*,*.dat"
+CodeSpell is configured as a pre-commit hook. Run it with:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files codespell
+```
+
+## Running docformatter
+
+docformatter is configured as a pre-commit hook. Run it with:
+
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files docformatter
 ```
 
-## Formatting Docstrings with docformatter
+## Running ascii-only
+
+ascii-only is configured as a pre-commit hook that enforces the [ASCII Only](#ascii-only) rule below. Run it with:
 
-```bash
-cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/python.exe" docformatter --black --in-place pterasoftware -r
+```shell
+pre-commit run --all-files ascii-only
 ```
 
+The hook reports each violation with its line, column, the offending character, its Unicode code point and name, and its UTF-8 byte sequence. The check is read-only; it never modifies files. Qt Designer `.ui` files are excluded because Qt regenerates them on every save.
+
+## ASCII Only
+
+In all written contributions to this project (code, comments, docstrings, documentation, commit messages, file contents), use only the 95 printable ASCII characters (0x20 through 0x7E: space, letters, digits, and standard punctuation).
+
+The constraint is on what you author. Content quoted verbatim from external sources (third-party error messages, file contents you are citing, output captured from tools, web references) does not need to be transliterated.
+
+### Forbidden Characters
+
+- Em dashes and en dashes.
+- Non-ASCII arrows of any kind (rightwards-arrow, leftwards-arrow, up-arrow, down-arrow, double-arrows, etc.).
+- Emojis.
+- Mathematical or scientific symbol characters (Greek pi, infinity sign, plus-or-minus sign, multiplication sign, division sign, micro sign, degree sign, superscripts, subscripts, set-theory symbols, etc.).
+- Smart or curly quotes and apostrophes. Use straight ASCII `"` and `'`.
+- Ellipsis character. Use three periods `...`.
+- Bullets, middle dots, non-breaking spaces, or any other typographic Unicode.
+
+### How to Handle Each Forbidden Case
+
+- **Em dashes are special.** Do not substitute with doubled hyphens (`--`). Instead, restructure the sentence: split into two sentences, use a comma, use a colon, or place the clause in parentheses. The doubled-hyphen substitute is banned because it tends to be overused as a verbal tic.
+- **En dashes used in ranges** (for example, between two numbers or two dates) may be replaced with a plain hyphen (`-`). This is technically incorrect typography, but the en dash is forbidden, so the hyphen is the accepted substitute in range contexts only.
+- **En dashes used elsewhere** (for example, as a substitute for em dash in some style guides, or to join compound modifiers) must be restructured the same way as em dashes. Do not paper over them with a plain hyphen.
+- **Arrows**: write `->`, `<-`, `=>`, `<=`, or use words.
+- **Math symbols**: spell them out (`pi`, `infinity` or `inf`, `+/-`, `*`, `/`, `micro`, `deg`, `^2`, etc.).
+- **Quotes**: straight ASCII `"` and `'`.
+- **Ellipsis**: three periods `...`.
+
+### When in Doubt
+
+If a legitimate reason to violate this rule arises (a contribution must include a file with Unicode contents, or correctness requires a specific Unicode character), flag it in the PR description rather than assume.
+
 ## Miscellaneous Guidelines
 
 - Avoid abbreviations in text unless they are well-known in the context.
-- Never hyphenate words in docstrings or comments. This is because they are often incorrectly wrapped by docformatter and incorrectly rendered in PyCharm's quick documentation. For example, even though not standard grammar, it's okay to write "non symmetric" instead of "non-symmetric".
-- In documentation, docstrings, and comments, represent subtraction using hyphens surrounded by spaces ( - ); never use em-dashes (—) or en-dashes (–).
-- In documentation, docstrings, and comments, never use a multiplication sign (×); always use a lowercase x or an asterisk surrounded by spaces.
-- In documentation, docstrings, and comments, never use the pi symbol (π); always write "pi" instead (e.g., "2 * pi" not "2 π"). The same goes for other Greek letters (e.g., use "alpha" instead of "α").
-- In documentation, docstrings, and comments, never use the approximately-equal sign (≈); always write a tilde (~) instead (e.g., "a ~ b" not "a≈b").
+- For subtraction, use a hyphen surrounded by spaces (e.g., "a - b").
+- For multiplication, use a lowercase x or an asterisk, both surrounded by spaces (e.g., "8 x 8 panels" or "2 * pi").
+- For approximately-equal, use a tilde surrounded by spaces (e.g., "a ~ b").
 - When referring to axes, coordinates, or planes, use lowercase letters without hyphens between coordinate letters and descriptors (e.g., "x axis", "y component", "xz plane", "z direction"). Never use uppercase letters for axis references in text.
-- Never use emojis in code, comments, docstrings, or documentation.
-- Always use straight single and double quotes, not curly ones.
-- Always use "..." instead of "…".
 - Always end *.py file with an empty line.
 - Preserve existing comment structure and detail level.
 - Write comments as complete sentences ending with a period.
@@ -48,4 +87,4 @@ cd ${WORKSPACE} && ".venv/Scripts/python.exe" docformatter --black --in-place pt
 - Write "time step" instead of "timestep", "time-step", or "step".
 - In markdown files, always include a blank line after a header line. Also precede them with a blank line, except for header lines that happen to also be the first line in their file.
 - In markdown files, do not use trailing whitespace for line breaks. Markdown already handles breaks between paragraphs, list items, and headings.
-- In markdown files, do not use hard line wrapping.
\ No newline at end of file
+- In markdown files, do not use hard line wrapping.
diff --git a/docs/website/_static/custom.js b/docs/website/_static/custom.js
index c609b4c7a..ba12e7d90 100644
--- a/docs/website/_static/custom.js
+++ b/docs/website/_static/custom.js
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
       // Get the headerlink anchor if it exists
       const headerlink = h1.querySelector('a.headerlink');
 
-      // Split by period and rejoin with period + line break
-      const parts = text.replace(/\s*¶\s*$/, '').split('.');
+      // Split by period and rejoin with period + line break. The escape
+      // matches the pilcrow (U+00B6) Sphinx appends to heading anchors.
+      const parts = text.replace(/\s*\u00B6\s*$/, '').split('.');
 
       // Clear the heading
       h1.innerHTML = '';
diff --git a/docs/website/favicon/favicon.svg b/docs/website/favicon/favicon.svg
index e4dd5b771..807aef38f 100644
--- a/docs/website/favicon/favicon.svg
+++ b/docs/website/favicon/favicon.svg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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(prefers-color-scheme: light) { :root { filter: none; } }
 @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { filter: none; } }
-</style></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+</style></svg>
diff --git a/docs/website/requirements_docs.txt b/docs/website/requirements_docs.txt
index 2fdbe3cbe..2c330730d 100644
--- a/docs/website/requirements_docs.txt
+++ b/docs/website/requirements_docs.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-sphinx>=7.3
 furo>=2024.8.6
 myst-parser>=3.0.1
+sphinx>=7.3
 sphinx-autoapi>=3.2.1
 sphinx-copybutton>=0.5.2
diff --git a/make_installer.iss b/make_installer.iss
index fa579c928..674dd2e11 100644
--- a/make_installer.iss
+++ b/make_installer.iss
@@ -58,4 +58,3 @@ Name: "{autodesktop}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; Tasks: de
 
 [Run]
 Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; Description: "{cm:LaunchProgram,{#StringChange(MyAppName, '&', '&&')}}"; Flags: nowait postinstall skipifsilent
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/_functions.py b/pterasoftware/_functions.py
index 8b901021f..667b10da0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/_functions.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/_functions.py
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ def numba_1d_explicit_cross(
     Adapted from:
     https://stackoverflow.com/a/66757029/13240504
 
-    Author: Jérôme Richard
+    Author: Jerome Richard
 
     Date of retrieval: 03/23/2021
 
diff --git a/pterasoftware/_parameter_validation.py b/pterasoftware/_parameter_validation.py
index b624d8461..215ed832f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/_parameter_validation.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/_parameter_validation.py
@@ -464,8 +464,9 @@ def nD_number_vectorLike_return_float(value: Any, name: str) -> np.ndarray:
 
 
 def fourByFour_number_arrayLike_return_float(value: Any, name: str) -> np.ndarray:
-    """Validates a value is a (4,4) array-like object. It then returns it as a (4,4)
-    ndarray of floats.
+    """Validates a value is a (4,4) array-like object.
+
+    It then returns it as a (4,4) ndarray of floats.
 
     np.nan, np.inf, and -np.inf aren't valid values.
 
diff --git a/pterasoftware/_transformations.py b/pterasoftware/_transformations.py
index d8b25e669..cc1ac54fc 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/_transformations.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/_transformations.py
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ def compute_offset_rotation_adjustment(
     :param offset: A (3,) ndarray representing the rotation point offset.
     :return: A (3,) ndarray representing the position adjustment.
     """
-
     return np.asarray((np.eye(3, dtype=float) - rotation_matrix) @ offset, dtype=float)
 
 
diff --git a/pterasoftware/convergence.py b/pterasoftware/convergence.py
index 7db7523d9..0027a9c01 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/convergence.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/convergence.py
@@ -1937,7 +1937,6 @@ def _get_wing_section_num_spanwise_panels(
     :return: The number of spanwise Panels that results in an average Panel aspect ratio
         closest to the desired value.
     """
-
     this_num_spanwise_panels = start_val
     average_panel_aspect_ratios = []
 
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/_removed.md b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/_removed.md
index 8f8289540..699c795f0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/_removed.md
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/_removed.md
@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ These airfoils have upper and lower surfaces that intersect or cross at some int
 - fx63147.dat
 - fx72150b.dat
 - fx72ls160.dat
-- mh150.dat
\ No newline at end of file
+- mh150.dat
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ag03.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ag03.dat
index 757f2e110..ff4ec2eb9 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ag03.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ag03.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-AG03 (flat aft bottom) 
+AG03 (flat aft bottom)
      1.000000    0.000662
      0.994875    0.001210
      0.984975    0.002247
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/apex16_NASA_CR-201062.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/apex16_NASA_CR-201062.dat
index 73bfde304..b70f8c01b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/apex16_NASA_CR-201062.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/apex16_NASA_CR-201062.dat
@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
 APEX 16
-1.000000  0.002036  
-0.996936  0.002939  
-0.988795  0.005338  
-0.977291  0.008683  
-0.962745  0.012817  
-0.946684  0.017254  
-0.930138  0.021685  
-0.913447  0.026011  
-0.896699  0.030208  
-0.879909  0.034271  
-0.863091  0.038196  
-0.846244  0.041983  
-0.829370  0.045629  
-0.812468  0.049137  
-0.795546  0.052501  
-0.778591  0.055724  
-0.761610  0.058805  
-0.744595  0.061747  
-0.727557  0.064550  
-0.710498  0.067212  
-0.693423  0.069734  
-0.676338  0.072110  
-0.659238  0.074342  
-0.642136  0.076424  
-0.625022  0.078355  
-0.607898  0.080136  
-0.590773  0.081760  
-0.573635  0.083229  
-0.556493  0.084542  
-0.539344  0.085695  
-0.522184  0.086690  
-0.505023  0.087527  
-0.487855  0.088202  
-0.470681  0.088718  
-0.453510  0.089073  
-0.436337  0.089267  
-0.419174  0.089299  
-0.402019  0.089166  
-0.384874  0.088867  
-0.367749  0.088400  
-0.350641  0.087762  
-0.333560  0.086951  
-0.316510  0.085961 
-0.299492  0.084791 
-0.282523  0.083434 
-0.265599  0.081885 
-0.248739  0.080140 
-0.231948  0.078187 
-0.215238  0.076023 
+1.000000  0.002036
+0.996936  0.002939
+0.988795  0.005338
+0.977291  0.008683
+0.962745  0.012817
+0.946684  0.017254
+0.930138  0.021685
+0.913447  0.026011
+0.896699  0.030208
+0.879909  0.034271
+0.863091  0.038196
+0.846244  0.041983
+0.829370  0.045629
+0.812468  0.049137
+0.795546  0.052501
+0.778591  0.055724
+0.761610  0.058805
+0.744595  0.061747
+0.727557  0.064550
+0.710498  0.067212
+0.693423  0.069734
+0.676338  0.072110
+0.659238  0.074342
+0.642136  0.076424
+0.625022  0.078355
+0.607898  0.080136
+0.590773  0.081760
+0.573635  0.083229
+0.556493  0.084542
+0.539344  0.085695
+0.522184  0.086690
+0.505023  0.087527
+0.487855  0.088202
+0.470681  0.088718
+0.453510  0.089073
+0.436337  0.089267
+0.419174  0.089299
+0.402019  0.089166
+0.384874  0.088867
+0.367749  0.088400
+0.350641  0.087762
+0.333560  0.086951
+0.316510  0.085961
+0.299492  0.084791
+0.282523  0.083434
+0.265599  0.081885
+0.248739  0.080140
+0.231948  0.078187
+0.215238  0.076023
 0.198625  0.073635
 0.182124  0.071014
 0.165761  0.068148
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5045.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5045.dat
index 6381dc389..93a4da08b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5045.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5045.dat
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ AS5045 (15%) | Ref: http://www.krnet.org/as504x/ [original link: http://amber.aa
 .90208 -.00224
 .92701 -.00085
 .94861 -.00008
-.96671 .00018 
+.96671 .00018
 .98110 .00002
 .99155 -.00045
 .99786 -.00099
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5046.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5046.dat
index c616f9f17..f92a0bf57 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5046.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5046.dat
@@ -1,82 +1,82 @@
 AS5046 (16%) | Ref: http://www.krnet.org/as504x/ [original link: http://amber.aae.uiuc.edu/~ashok/kr2/airfoils/tests/]
-1.0000 .00134  
-.99804 .00200      
-.99260 .00372    
-.98401 .00594  
-.97220 .00866  
-.95749 .01168        
-.93979 .01474   
-.91895 .01797   
-.89512 .02146 
-.86847 .02532   
-.83924 .02960   
-.80767 .03441   
-.77409 .03982   
-.73889 .04596  
-.70270 .05277   
-.66609 .06004   
-.62962 .06733 
-.59358 .07375 
-.55759 .07896 
-.52139 .08307  
-.48502 .08610 
-.44860 .08824 
-.41235 .08957 
-.37649 .09013 
-.34123 .08996 
-.30680 .08908 
-.27342 .08752 
-.24130 .08527 
-.21060 .08233 
-.18148 .07874 
-.15411 .07456 
-.12868 .06983 
-.10538 .06454  
-.08429 .05863 
+1.0000 .00134
+.99804 .00200
+.99260 .00372
+.98401 .00594
+.97220 .00866
+.95749 .01168
+.93979 .01474
+.91895 .01797
+.89512 .02146
+.86847 .02532
+.83924 .02960
+.80767 .03441
+.77409 .03982
+.73889 .04596
+.70270 .05277
+.66609 .06004
+.62962 .06733
+.59358 .07375
+.55759 .07896
+.52139 .08307
+.48502 .08610
+.44860 .08824
+.41235 .08957
+.37649 .09013
+.34123 .08996
+.30680 .08908
+.27342 .08752
+.24130 .08527
+.21060 .08233
+.18148 .07874
+.15411 .07456
+.12868 .06983
+.10538 .06454
+.08429 .05863
 .06537 .05215
-.04876 .04527 
-.03450 .03803 
+.04876 .04527
+.03450 .03803
 .02260 .03058
-.01322 .02302 
-.00632 .01544 
-.00193 .00801 
-.00003 .00097 
+.01322 .02302
+.00632 .01544
+.00193 .00801
+.00003 .00097
 .00071 -.00489
-.00510 -.00988 
-.01342 -.01505 
-.02489 -.02044 
-.03925 -.02596 
-.05625 -.03155 
-.07571 -.03710 
-.09745 -.04246 
-.12133 -.04752 
+.00510 -.00988
+.01342 -.01505
+.02489 -.02044
+.03925 -.02596
+.05625 -.03155
+.07571 -.03710
+.09745 -.04246
+.12133 -.04752
 .14723 -.05216
-.17505 -.05634 
+.17505 -.05634
 .20462 -.06003
 .23577 -.06321
-.26829 -.06582 
-.30198 -.06783 
+.26829 -.06582
+.30198 -.06783
 .33664 -.06919
 .37208 -.06986
 .40806 -.06980
-.44435 -.06899 
-.48068 -.06725 
-.51700 -.06445 
-.55315 -.06046 
+.44435 -.06899
+.48068 -.06725
+.51700 -.06445
+.55315 -.06046
 .58935 -.05509
-.62582 -.04860 
-.66265 -.04132 
-.70010 -.03396 
-.73735 -.02722 
-.77354 -.02135 
-.80827 -.01632 
+.62582 -.04860
+.66265 -.04132
+.70010 -.03396
+.73735 -.02722
+.77354 -.02135
+.80827 -.01632
 .84111 -.01210
-.87165 -.00870 
-.89952 -.00605 
+.87165 -.00870
+.89952 -.00605
 .92439 -.00407
-.94591 -.00256 
-.96421 -.00129 
-.97931 -.00050 
-.99065 -.00052 
-.99763 -.00101 
+.94591 -.00256
+.96421 -.00129
+.97931 -.00050
+.99065 -.00052
+.99763 -.00101
 1.0000 -.00134
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5048.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5048.dat
index ff3e36e08..0742520ec 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5048.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/as5048.dat
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 AS5048 (18%) | Ref: http://www.krnet.org/as504x/ [original link: http://amber.aae.uiuc.edu/~ashok/kr2/airfoils/tests/]
-1.0000 .00150  
-.99795 .00261 
-.99261 .00526 
-.98429 .00834  
-.97271 .01198  
-.95837 .01595 
-.94112 .01990  
-.92072 .02396  
-.89732 .02822  
-.87111 .03280  
-.84231 .03773  
-.81114 .04314 
-.77793 .04906 
-.74304 .05563  
-.70708 .06281 
-.67063 .07045 
-.63428 .07812 
-.59851 .08492 
-.56284 .09044  
-.52688 .09468  
-.49071 .09776  
-.45445 .09986  
-.41832 .10106  
-.38251 .10140  
-.34725 .10094  
+1.0000 .00150
+.99795 .00261
+.99261 .00526
+.98429 .00834
+.97271 .01198
+.95837 .01595
+.94112 .01990
+.92072 .02396
+.89732 .02822
+.87111 .03280
+.84231 .03773
+.81114 .04314
+.77793 .04906
+.74304 .05563
+.70708 .06281
+.67063 .07045
+.63428 .07812
+.59851 .08492
+.56284 .09044
+.52688 .09468
+.49071 .09776
+.45445 .09986
+.41832 .10106
+.38251 .10140
+.34725 .10094
 .31275 .09972
 .27924 .09776
 .24695 .09505
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ AS5048 (18%) | Ref: http://www.krnet.org/as504x/ [original link: http://amber.aa
 .10936 .07152
 .08785 .06502
 .06852 .05792
-.05146 .05041 
-.03674 .04254 
+.05146 .05041
+.03674 .04254
 .02438 .03444
 .01454 .02625
 .00721 .01805
 .00240 .01003
 .00014 .00239
 .00041 -.00424
-.00441 -.00990 
+.00441 -.00990
 .01248 -.01556
 .02377 -.02150
 .03798 -.02765
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ AS5048 (18%) | Ref: http://www.krnet.org/as504x/ [original link: http://amber.aa
 .55088 -.07046
 .58702 -.06529
 .62334 -.05893
-.65996 -.05165  
+.65996 -.05165
 .69717 -.04405
 .73423 -.03698
 .77029 -.03077
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/cr1.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/cr1.dat
index 16a629403..d82a373f5 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/cr1.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/cr1.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- CURTISS CR-1 AIRFOIL                                                           
+ CURTISS CR-1 AIRFOIL
 1.0000000 0.0000173
 0.9900000 0.0026651
 0.9800000 0.0052997
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/df102.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/df102.dat
index 118514ee1..008e550f1 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/df102.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/df102.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-  DF102           
+  DF102
   1.00000  0.00000
   0.99680  0.00043
   0.98727  0.00187
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/du8608418.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/du8608418.dat
index dd49e9fd4..aba40d6ba 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/du8608418.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/du8608418.dat
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   1.00000  0.00000
   0.99882  0.00014
   0.99537  0.00058
-  0.98990  0.00119 
+  0.98990  0.00119
   0.98235  0.00178
   0.97260  0.00240
   0.96064  0.00315
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e168.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e168.dat
index 45030f0c1..49a21a990 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e168.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e168.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- E168  (12.45%)               
+ E168  (12.45%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99649  0.00021
    0.98631  0.00108
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e169.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e169.dat
index b88b10ab5..beb2a6555 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e169.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e169.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- E169  (14.4%)                
+ E169  (14.4%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99640  0.00022
    0.98598  0.00115
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e171.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e171.dat
index d313dd099..d3216f26a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e171.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e171.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- (Dicke 12.28%)               
+ (Dicke 12.28%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99644  0.00023
    0.98613  0.00120
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e174.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e174.dat
index 16988c7d0..1cc7029ee 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e174.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e174.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E174  (Dicke 8.92%)                
+E174  (Dicke 8.92%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99680  0.00043
    0.98736  0.00179
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e176.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e176.dat
index 042664517..667b8a2f1 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e176.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e176.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- E176  (8.83%)                
+ E176  (8.83%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99678  0.00031
    0.98727  0.00132
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e180.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e180.dat
index 2c589b4fe..fdfc8ce62 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e180.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e180.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E180  (8.59%)                
+E180  (8.59%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99677  0.00008
    0.98714  0.00042
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e184.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e184.dat
index 38a64800c..a0a6bb6a6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e184.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e184.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E184  (8.33%)                
+E184  (8.33%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99676 -0.00015
    0.98705 -0.00052
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e186.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e186.dat
index d05b330a9..90f17065a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e186.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e186.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E186  (10.27%)               
+E186  (10.27%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99654 -0.00021
    0.98619 -0.00066
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e193.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e193.dat
index 303d74306..c74daa6d2 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e193.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e193.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E193  (10.22%)               
+E193  (10.22%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99661  0.00051
    0.98674  0.00220
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e195.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e195.dat
index 8dd161d3b..b6a4ec6b6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e195.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e195.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E195  (11.82%)               
+E195  (11.82%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99652  0.00050
    0.98640  0.00220
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e197.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e197.dat
index a4a0c2835..80b48a7a2 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e197.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e197.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E197  (13.49%)               
+E197  (13.49%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99642  0.00050
    0.98604  0.00219
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e201.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e201.dat
index e8f54e515..c31e5ae96 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e201.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e201.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E201  (11.88%)               
+E201  (11.88%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99653  0.00058
    0.98650  0.00250
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e203.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e203.dat
index 4a379ee86..ad711bf93 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e203.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e203.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E203  (13.64%)               
+E203  (13.64%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99645  0.00066
    0.98625  0.00282
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e205.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e205.dat
index ad8582def..d45b0dd91 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e205.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e205.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E205  (10.48%)               
+E205  (10.48%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99655  0.00039
    0.98649  0.00174
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e207.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e207.dat
index 686e4065c..2ca485cfe 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e207.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e207.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E207  (12.04%)               
+E207  (12.04%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99647  0.00045
    0.98625  0.00202
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e209.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e209.dat
index ad4aa9032..015fcaf57 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e209.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e209.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E209  (13.72%)               
+E209  (13.72%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99639  0.00052
    0.98600  0.00232
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e210.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e210.dat
index aa7ce2321..cf72a39f6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e210.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e210.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E210  (13.64%)               
+E210  (13.64%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99649  0.00099
    0.98657  0.00414
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e211.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e211.dat
index 53d8b1be9..0b1f80cca 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e211.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e211.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E211  (10.96%)               
+E211  (10.96%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99661  0.00083
    0.98698  0.00349
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e212.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e212.dat
index 3f0100f01..e43cf202c 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e212.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e212.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E212  (10.55%)               
+E212  (10.55%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99676  0.00092
    0.98759  0.00372
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e214.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e214.dat
index 59f4b6fe7..faa18404b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e214.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e214.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E214  (11.1%)                
+E214  (11.1%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99669  0.00104
    0.98737  0.00422
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e216.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e216.dat
index 88093eb31..f49af6eef 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e216.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e216.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E216  (10.4%)                
+E216  (10.4%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99692  0.00141
    0.98842  0.00552
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e220.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e220.dat
index b68de4a0d..c156cc48b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e220.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e220.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E220  (11.48%)               
+E220  (11.48%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99639  0.00008
    0.98575  0.00062
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e221.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e221.dat
index 2df804af9..181db86e9 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e221.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e221.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E221  (9.39%)                
+E221  (9.39%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99659  0.00010
    0.98654  0.00064
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e222.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e222.dat
index 14ff914ff..783ee3924 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e222.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e222.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E222  (10.17%)               
+E222  (10.17%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99669  0.00071
    0.98722  0.00291
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e224.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e224.dat
index 496c9686d..1cc30d49f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e224.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e224.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E224  (10.17%)               
+E224  (10.17%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99664  0.00048
    0.98692  0.00205
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e226.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e226.dat
index c864102a2..b85f48575 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e226.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e226.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E226  (10.19%)               
+E226  (10.19%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99661  0.00027
    0.98667  0.00122
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e228.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e228.dat
index 9f2063e91..0d076a2c7 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e228.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e228.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E10(08%)                      
+E10(08%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99658  0.00004
    0.98646  0.00032
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e230.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e230.dat
index 381be20ca..3d226159c 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e230.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e230.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E230  (9.96%)                
+E230  (9.96%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99657 -0.00018
    0.98632 -0.00059
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e374.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e374.dat
index 8c69b2929..f503cfa5f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e374.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e374.dat
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ E374
    0.96958 -0.00241
    0.98594 -0.00091
    0.99637 -0.00016
-   1.00000  0.00000
\ No newline at end of file
+   1.00000  0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e385.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e385.dat
index 6a2f8fe3f..b42019f6a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e385.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e385.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E385  (8.41%)                
+E385  (8.41%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99695  0.00080
    0.98804  0.00321
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e392.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e392.dat
index abd3ef844..7cc7a0b4d 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e392.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e392.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E392  (10.15%)               
+E392  (10.15%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99676  0.00056
    0.98727  0.00233
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e423.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e423.dat
index 998109872..7e4b71a42 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e423.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e423.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E423 
+E423
   1.00000  0.00000
   0.99655  0.00159
   0.98706  0.00650
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e471.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e471.dat
index 96986674c..2331c14f3 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e471.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e471.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E471  (6.25%)                
+E471  (6.25%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99699  0.00085
    0.98831  0.00344
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e474.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e474.dat
index e009f3155..ac9af92e5 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e474.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e474.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E474  (14.09%)               
+E474  (14.09%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99625  0.00028
    0.98539  0.00142
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e475.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e475.dat
index 7984e00d6..a02ea6fbf 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e475.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e475.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E475  (15.01%)               
+E475  (15.01%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99608  0.00033
    0.98478  0.00168
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e61.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e61.dat
index 1e5f28cfd..913c78b4a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e61.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e61.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E61  (5.64%)                 
+E61  (5.64%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99707  0.00124
    0.98882  0.00495
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e62.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e62.dat
index c341f1aa5..7a36b3a61 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e62.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e62.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E62  (5.62%)                 
+E62  (5.62%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99699  0.00098
    0.98840  0.00397
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e63.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e63.dat
index 4f01c0e42..b35d31922 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e63.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e63.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E63  (4.25%)                 
+E63  (4.25%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99719  0.00121
    0.98938  0.00473
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e64.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e64.dat
index b73820e4f..a8b36d2b7 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e64.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e64.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E64  (8.45%)                 
+E64  (8.45%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99679  0.00076
    0.98761  0.00311
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e71.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e71.dat
index 637d6610a..8fc636692 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e71.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/e71.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-E71  (5.15%)                 
+E71  (5.15%)
    1.00000  0.00000
    0.99709  0.00089
    0.98872  0.00358
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/eiffel10.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/eiffel10.dat
index 78678c36c..5251d122e 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/eiffel10.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/eiffel10.dat
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 Eiffel 10 (Wright) - 1903 Wright Flyer airfoil
-1.0000  0.0064  
- .9500  0.0143  
- .9000  0.0220  
- .8000  0.0370  
- .7000  0.0510  
- .6000  0.0623  
- .5000  0.0693  
- .4000  0.0718  
- .3000  0.0701  
- .2000  0.0614  
- .1500  0.0550  
- .1000  0.0468  
- .0750  0.0423  
- .0500  0.0375  
- .0250  0.0323  
- .0125  0.0296  
- .0000  0.0273    
+1.0000  0.0064
+ .9500  0.0143
+ .9000  0.0220
+ .8000  0.0370
+ .7000  0.0510
+ .6000  0.0623
+ .5000  0.0693
+ .4000  0.0718
+ .3000  0.0701
+ .2000  0.0614
+ .1500  0.0550
+ .1000  0.0468
+ .0750  0.0423
+ .0500  0.0375
+ .0250  0.0323
+ .0125  0.0296
+ .0000  0.0273
  .0000  0.0000
  .0125  0.0032
  .0250  0.0060
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ Eiffel 10 (Wright) - 1903 Wright Flyer airfoil
  .8000  0.0255
  .9000  0.0127
  .9500  0.0065
-1.0000  0.0000
\ No newline at end of file
+1.0000  0.0000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/falcon.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/falcon.dat
index eae99e284..0c56c905f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/falcon.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/falcon.dat
@@ -1,80 +1,80 @@
 Falcon
-1.000000 0.001341 
-0.997540 0.002771 
-0.990700 0.005630 
-0.980370 0.008009 
-0.966980 0.009693 
-0.950440 0.011476 
-0.930640 0.014067 
-0.907750 0.017515 
-0.882020 0.021591 
-0.853700 0.026066 
-0.823090 0.030766 
-0.790480 0.035592 
-0.756160 0.040484 
-0.720430 0.045383 
-0.683590 0.050226 
-0.645940 0.054959 
-0.607780 0.059549 
-0.569370 0.063971 
-0.530990 0.068160 
-0.492650 0.072038 
-0.454350 0.075505 
-0.416380 0.078438 
-0.378870 0.080744 
-0.342040 0.082344 
-0.306090 0.083164 
-0.271200 0.083128 
-0.237600 0.082152 
-0.205490 0.080166 
-0.175040 0.077132 
-0.146480 0.073093 
-0.119990 0.068108 
-0.095760 0.062165 
-0.073950 0.055183 
-0.054680 0.047083 
-0.038110 0.038051 
-0.024330 0.028709 
-0.013380 0.019785 
-0.005480 0.011706 
-0.000980 0.004376 
-0.000000 -.000696 
-0.000980 -.005669 
-0.005480 -.012170 
-0.013380 -.018018 
-0.024330 -.023266 
-0.038110 -.028023 
-0.054680 -.032271 
-0.073950 -.035913 
-0.095760 -.038975 
-0.119990 -.041626 
-0.146480 -.044049 
-0.175040 -.046382 
-0.205490 -.048684 
-0.237600 -.050851 
-0.271200 -.052590 
-0.306090 -.053613 
-0.342040 -.053923 
-0.378870 -.053679 
-0.416380 -.052991 
-0.454350 -.051900 
-0.492650 -.050413 
-0.530990 -.048566 
-0.569370 -.046410 
-0.607780 -.043982 
-0.645940 -.041285 
-0.683590 -.038292 
-0.720430 -.035020 
-0.756160 -.031565 
-0.790480 -.028055 
-0.823090 -.024610 
-0.853700 -.021308 
-0.882020 -.018186 
-0.907750 -.015284 
-0.930640 -.012699 
-0.950440 -.010626 
-0.966980 -.009205 
-0.980370 -.007986 
-0.990700 -.005860 
-0.997540 -.003005 
+1.000000 0.001341
+0.997540 0.002771
+0.990700 0.005630
+0.980370 0.008009
+0.966980 0.009693
+0.950440 0.011476
+0.930640 0.014067
+0.907750 0.017515
+0.882020 0.021591
+0.853700 0.026066
+0.823090 0.030766
+0.790480 0.035592
+0.756160 0.040484
+0.720430 0.045383
+0.683590 0.050226
+0.645940 0.054959
+0.607780 0.059549
+0.569370 0.063971
+0.530990 0.068160
+0.492650 0.072038
+0.454350 0.075505
+0.416380 0.078438
+0.378870 0.080744
+0.342040 0.082344
+0.306090 0.083164
+0.271200 0.083128
+0.237600 0.082152
+0.205490 0.080166
+0.175040 0.077132
+0.146480 0.073093
+0.119990 0.068108
+0.095760 0.062165
+0.073950 0.055183
+0.054680 0.047083
+0.038110 0.038051
+0.024330 0.028709
+0.013380 0.019785
+0.005480 0.011706
+0.000980 0.004376
+0.000000 -.000696
+0.000980 -.005669
+0.005480 -.012170
+0.013380 -.018018
+0.024330 -.023266
+0.038110 -.028023
+0.054680 -.032271
+0.073950 -.035913
+0.095760 -.038975
+0.119990 -.041626
+0.146480 -.044049
+0.175040 -.046382
+0.205490 -.048684
+0.237600 -.050851
+0.271200 -.052590
+0.306090 -.053613
+0.342040 -.053923
+0.378870 -.053679
+0.416380 -.052991
+0.454350 -.051900
+0.492650 -.050413
+0.530990 -.048566
+0.569370 -.046410
+0.607780 -.043982
+0.645940 -.041285
+0.683590 -.038292
+0.720430 -.035020
+0.756160 -.031565
+0.790480 -.028055
+0.823090 -.024610
+0.853700 -.021308
+0.882020 -.018186
+0.907750 -.015284
+0.930640 -.012699
+0.950440 -.010626
+0.966980 -.009205
+0.980370 -.007986
+0.990700 -.005860
+0.997540 -.003005
 1.000000 -.001550
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx63137sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx63137sm.dat
index 07e25caf1..ee9ab2034 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx63137sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx63137sm.dat
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ FX 63-137 13.7% smoothed
 0.565260  0.107990
 0.500000  0.115624
 0.434740  0.120314
-0.370590  0.121797 
+0.370590  0.121797
 0.339280  0.121303
 0.308660  0.119983
 0.278860  0.117849
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx66h80.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx66h80.dat
index 4e16a327e..4c7c9dff9 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx66h80.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx66h80.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FX 66-H-80   
+FX 66-H-80
 1.00000     0.00000
 0.99893     0.00001
 0.99572     0.00002
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx74cl5140.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx74cl5140.dat
index b32457e54..13f18bd26 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx74cl5140.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx74cl5140.dat
@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
 FX74_CL5_140
-1.00000 0.00000 
-0.99893 0.00082 
-0.99039 0.00597 
-0.97347 0.01407 
-0.94844 0.02405   
-0.91573 0.03570   
-0.87592 0.04881   
-0.85355 0.05583   
-0.82967 0.06317    
-0.80438 0.07069 
-0.77779 0.07846   
-0.75000 0.08629  
-0.72114 0.09429   
-0.69134 0.10223   
-0.66072 0.11027   
-0.62941 0.11807   
-0.59755 0.12594   
-0.56526 0.13353   
-0.53270 0.14101    
-0.50000 0.14801   
-0.46730 0.15471   
-0.43474 0.16051   
-0.40245 0.16524  
-0.37059 0.16780   
-0.33920 0.16855   
-0.30866 0.16720   
-0.27866 0.16424   
-0.25000 0.15959   
-0.22221 0.15361   
-0.19562 0.14610 
-0.17033 0.13754   
-0.14645 0.12791   
-0.12408 0.11763   
-0.10332 0.10650   
-0.08427 0.09512   
-0.06699 0.08329  
-0.05156 0.07146   
-0.03806 0.05954    
-0.02653 0.04801    
-0.01704 0.03661    
-0.00961 0.02628    
-0.00426 0.01727    
-0.00107 0.00936    
-0.00000 0.00000   
+1.00000 0.00000
+0.99893 0.00082
+0.99039 0.00597
+0.97347 0.01407
+0.94844 0.02405
+0.91573 0.03570
+0.87592 0.04881
+0.85355 0.05583
+0.82967 0.06317
+0.80438 0.07069
+0.77779 0.07846
+0.75000 0.08629
+0.72114 0.09429
+0.69134 0.10223
+0.66072 0.11027
+0.62941 0.11807
+0.59755 0.12594
+0.56526 0.13353
+0.53270 0.14101
+0.50000 0.14801
+0.46730 0.15471
+0.43474 0.16051
+0.40245 0.16524
+0.37059 0.16780
+0.33920 0.16855
+0.30866 0.16720
+0.27866 0.16424
+0.25000 0.15959
+0.22221 0.15361
+0.19562 0.14610
+0.17033 0.13754
+0.14645 0.12791
+0.12408 0.11763
+0.10332 0.10650
+0.08427 0.09512
+0.06699 0.08329
+0.05156 0.07146
+0.03806 0.05954
+0.02653 0.04801
+0.01704 0.03661
+0.00961 0.02628
+0.00426 0.01727
+0.00107 0.00936
+0.00000 0.00000
 0.00107  -.00366
 0.00426  -.00689
 0.00961  -.00684
@@ -86,5 +86,3 @@ FX74_CL5_140
 0.99039  0.00444
 0.99893  0.00065
 1.00000  0.00000
-
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx79w470a.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx79w470a.dat
index c74bb1393..18e729060 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx79w470a.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/fx79w470a.dat
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ FX 79-W-470A
 0.00961     0.05775
 0.00428     0.04090
 0.00107     0.02494
-0.00000     0.00000 
+0.00000     0.00000
 0.00107     -0.01000
 0.00428     -0.02332
 0.00961     -0.03619
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/glennmartin2.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/glennmartin2.dat
index de5ac4736..0bb0ae1bf 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/glennmartin2.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/glennmartin2.dat
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Glenn Martin 2
 0.5000     0.1289
 0.4000     0.1377
 0.3000     0.1423
-0.2000     0.1383 
+0.2000     0.1383
 0.1500     0.1280
 0.1000     0.1116
 0.0750     0.0995
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe765.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe765.dat
index 5f7093f8a..9f822ca84 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe765.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe765.dat
@@ -1,212 +1,212 @@
-Gottingen 765 airfoil (recovered). Thick: .144 LE radius: 0.02062 LE slope: 0.17300 
-  1.000000  -0.000000 
-  0.989894   0.000681 
-  0.979818   0.001451 
-  0.969768   0.002306 
-  0.959744   0.003241 
-  0.949742   0.004251 
-  0.939760   0.005332 
-  0.929797   0.006480 
-  0.919852   0.007690 
-  0.909921   0.008959 
-  0.900004   0.010282 
-  0.890099   0.011656 
-  0.880204   0.013078 
-  0.870319   0.014543 
-  0.860440   0.016049 
-  0.850569   0.017592 
-  0.840702   0.019170 
-  0.830839   0.020778 
-  0.820980   0.022415 
-  0.811122   0.024076 
-  0.801265   0.025760 
-  0.791409   0.027463 
-  0.781551   0.029184 
-  0.771693   0.030918 
-  0.761832   0.032664 
-  0.751969   0.034419 
-  0.742102   0.036181 
-  0.732232   0.037948 
-  0.722357   0.039717 
-  0.712477   0.041485 
-  0.702591   0.043251 
-  0.692701   0.045013 
-  0.682804   0.046768 
-  0.672900   0.048514 
-  0.662990   0.050250 
-  0.653073   0.051973 
-  0.643149   0.053681 
-  0.633218   0.055373 
-  0.623278   0.057046 
-  0.613331   0.058699 
-  0.603376   0.060330 
-  0.593413   0.061938 
-  0.583441   0.063519 
-  0.573461   0.065074 
-  0.563472   0.066599 
-  0.553475   0.068093 
-  0.543469   0.069555 
-  0.533454   0.070983 
-  0.523430   0.072376 
-  0.513397   0.073731 
-  0.503355   0.075047 
-  0.493303   0.076322 
-  0.483243   0.077555 
-  0.473172   0.078745 
-  0.463093   0.079889 
-  0.453003   0.080986 
-  0.442904   0.082034 
-  0.432796   0.083032 
-  0.422677   0.083979 
-  0.412549   0.084871 
-  0.402410   0.085709 
-  0.392262   0.086490 
-  0.382103   0.087212 
-  0.371934   0.087874 
-  0.361755   0.088474 
-  0.351565   0.089011 
-  0.341365   0.089482 
-  0.331155   0.089885 
-  0.320934   0.090220 
-  0.310703   0.090484 
-  0.300461   0.090675 
-  0.290208   0.090785 
-  0.279946   0.090803 
-  0.269673   0.090725 
-  0.259390   0.090547 
-  0.249098   0.090261 
-  0.238797   0.089864 
-  0.228488   0.089348 
-  0.218172   0.088708 
-  0.207849   0.087937 
-  0.197522   0.087028 
-  0.187191   0.085974 
-  0.176858   0.084767 
-  0.166525   0.083397 
-  0.156195   0.081855 
-  0.145870   0.080131 
-  0.135554   0.078212 
-  0.125250   0.076086 
-  0.114964   0.073738 
-  0.104700   0.071149 
-  0.094465   0.068300 
-  0.084267   0.065166 
-  0.074117   0.061714 
-  0.064025   0.057907 
-  0.054009   0.053690 
-  0.044090   0.048989 
-  0.039176   0.046425 
-  0.034298   0.043693 
-  0.029464   0.040768 
-  0.024683   0.037614 
-  0.019965   0.034182 
-  0.015330   0.030393 
-  0.010806   0.026119 
-  0.006448   0.021104 
-  0.002392   0.014696 
- -0.000000   0.000000 
-  0.007608  -0.012992 
-  0.013552  -0.017745 
-  0.019194  -0.021153 
-  0.024670  -0.023870 
-  0.030035  -0.026149 
-  0.035317  -0.028118 
-  0.040536  -0.029854 
-  0.045702  -0.031406 
-  0.050824  -0.032810 
-  0.055910  -0.034090 
-  0.065991  -0.036349 
-  0.075975  -0.038289 
-  0.085883  -0.039981 
-  0.095733  -0.041470 
-  0.105535  -0.042792 
-  0.115300  -0.043972 
-  0.125036  -0.045030 
-  0.134750  -0.045983 
-  0.144446  -0.046843 
-  0.154130  -0.047620 
-  0.163805  -0.048323 
-  0.173475  -0.048960 
-  0.183142  -0.049537 
-  0.192809  -0.050060 
-  0.202478  -0.050534 
-  0.212151  -0.050962 
-  0.221828  -0.051349 
-  0.231512  -0.051699 
-  0.241203  -0.052014 
-  0.250902  -0.052297 
-  0.260610  -0.052551 
-  0.270327  -0.052779 
-  0.280054  -0.052981 
-  0.289792  -0.053162 
-  0.299539  -0.053322 
-  0.309297  -0.053469 
-  0.319066  -0.053609 
-  0.328845  -0.053740 
-  0.338635  -0.053862 
-  0.348435  -0.053973 
-  0.358245  -0.054075 
-  0.368066  -0.054164 
-  0.377897  -0.054242 
-  0.387738  -0.054306 
-  0.397590  -0.054358 
-  0.407451  -0.054395 
-  0.417323  -0.054417 
-  0.427204  -0.054424 
-  0.437096  -0.054414 
-  0.446997  -0.054388 
-  0.456907  -0.054345 
-  0.466828  -0.054283 
-  0.476757  -0.054203 
-  0.486697  -0.054104 
-  0.496645  -0.053984 
-  0.506603  -0.053844 
-  0.516570  -0.053683 
-  0.526546  -0.053500 
-  0.536531  -0.053295 
-  0.546525  -0.053066 
-  0.556528  -0.052813 
-  0.566539  -0.052535 
-  0.576559  -0.052232 
-  0.586587  -0.051903 
-  0.596624  -0.051546 
-  0.606669  -0.051161 
-  0.616722  -0.050748 
-  0.626782  -0.050305 
-  0.636851  -0.049831 
-  0.646927  -0.049325 
-  0.657010  -0.048787 
-  0.667100  -0.048215 
-  0.677196  -0.047607 
-  0.687299  -0.046964 
-  0.697409  -0.046284 
-  0.707523  -0.045565 
-  0.717643  -0.044806 
-  0.727768  -0.044006 
-  0.737898  -0.043163 
-  0.748031  -0.042276 
-  0.758168  -0.041343 
-  0.768307  -0.040363 
-  0.778449  -0.039333 
-  0.788591  -0.038253 
-  0.798735  -0.037121 
-  0.808878  -0.035934 
-  0.819020  -0.034690 
-  0.829161  -0.033388 
-  0.839298  -0.032026 
-  0.849431  -0.030600 
-  0.859560  -0.029110 
-  0.869681  -0.027552 
-  0.879796  -0.025925 
-  0.889901  -0.024225 
-  0.899996  -0.022451 
-  0.910079  -0.020600 
-  0.920148  -0.018668 
-  0.930203  -0.016654 
-  0.940240  -0.014555 
-  0.950258  -0.012367 
-  0.960256  -0.010088 
-  0.970232  -0.007715 
-  0.980182  -0.005244 
-  0.990106  -0.002674 
-  1.000000  -0.000000 
+Gottingen 765 airfoil (recovered). Thick: .144 LE radius: 0.02062 LE slope: 0.17300
+  1.000000  -0.000000
+  0.989894   0.000681
+  0.979818   0.001451
+  0.969768   0.002306
+  0.959744   0.003241
+  0.949742   0.004251
+  0.939760   0.005332
+  0.929797   0.006480
+  0.919852   0.007690
+  0.909921   0.008959
+  0.900004   0.010282
+  0.890099   0.011656
+  0.880204   0.013078
+  0.870319   0.014543
+  0.860440   0.016049
+  0.850569   0.017592
+  0.840702   0.019170
+  0.830839   0.020778
+  0.820980   0.022415
+  0.811122   0.024076
+  0.801265   0.025760
+  0.791409   0.027463
+  0.781551   0.029184
+  0.771693   0.030918
+  0.761832   0.032664
+  0.751969   0.034419
+  0.742102   0.036181
+  0.732232   0.037948
+  0.722357   0.039717
+  0.712477   0.041485
+  0.702591   0.043251
+  0.692701   0.045013
+  0.682804   0.046768
+  0.672900   0.048514
+  0.662990   0.050250
+  0.653073   0.051973
+  0.643149   0.053681
+  0.633218   0.055373
+  0.623278   0.057046
+  0.613331   0.058699
+  0.603376   0.060330
+  0.593413   0.061938
+  0.583441   0.063519
+  0.573461   0.065074
+  0.563472   0.066599
+  0.553475   0.068093
+  0.543469   0.069555
+  0.533454   0.070983
+  0.523430   0.072376
+  0.513397   0.073731
+  0.503355   0.075047
+  0.493303   0.076322
+  0.483243   0.077555
+  0.473172   0.078745
+  0.463093   0.079889
+  0.453003   0.080986
+  0.442904   0.082034
+  0.432796   0.083032
+  0.422677   0.083979
+  0.412549   0.084871
+  0.402410   0.085709
+  0.392262   0.086490
+  0.382103   0.087212
+  0.371934   0.087874
+  0.361755   0.088474
+  0.351565   0.089011
+  0.341365   0.089482
+  0.331155   0.089885
+  0.320934   0.090220
+  0.310703   0.090484
+  0.300461   0.090675
+  0.290208   0.090785
+  0.279946   0.090803
+  0.269673   0.090725
+  0.259390   0.090547
+  0.249098   0.090261
+  0.238797   0.089864
+  0.228488   0.089348
+  0.218172   0.088708
+  0.207849   0.087937
+  0.197522   0.087028
+  0.187191   0.085974
+  0.176858   0.084767
+  0.166525   0.083397
+  0.156195   0.081855
+  0.145870   0.080131
+  0.135554   0.078212
+  0.125250   0.076086
+  0.114964   0.073738
+  0.104700   0.071149
+  0.094465   0.068300
+  0.084267   0.065166
+  0.074117   0.061714
+  0.064025   0.057907
+  0.054009   0.053690
+  0.044090   0.048989
+  0.039176   0.046425
+  0.034298   0.043693
+  0.029464   0.040768
+  0.024683   0.037614
+  0.019965   0.034182
+  0.015330   0.030393
+  0.010806   0.026119
+  0.006448   0.021104
+  0.002392   0.014696
+ -0.000000   0.000000
+  0.007608  -0.012992
+  0.013552  -0.017745
+  0.019194  -0.021153
+  0.024670  -0.023870
+  0.030035  -0.026149
+  0.035317  -0.028118
+  0.040536  -0.029854
+  0.045702  -0.031406
+  0.050824  -0.032810
+  0.055910  -0.034090
+  0.065991  -0.036349
+  0.075975  -0.038289
+  0.085883  -0.039981
+  0.095733  -0.041470
+  0.105535  -0.042792
+  0.115300  -0.043972
+  0.125036  -0.045030
+  0.134750  -0.045983
+  0.144446  -0.046843
+  0.154130  -0.047620
+  0.163805  -0.048323
+  0.173475  -0.048960
+  0.183142  -0.049537
+  0.192809  -0.050060
+  0.202478  -0.050534
+  0.212151  -0.050962
+  0.221828  -0.051349
+  0.231512  -0.051699
+  0.241203  -0.052014
+  0.250902  -0.052297
+  0.260610  -0.052551
+  0.270327  -0.052779
+  0.280054  -0.052981
+  0.289792  -0.053162
+  0.299539  -0.053322
+  0.309297  -0.053469
+  0.319066  -0.053609
+  0.328845  -0.053740
+  0.338635  -0.053862
+  0.348435  -0.053973
+  0.358245  -0.054075
+  0.368066  -0.054164
+  0.377897  -0.054242
+  0.387738  -0.054306
+  0.397590  -0.054358
+  0.407451  -0.054395
+  0.417323  -0.054417
+  0.427204  -0.054424
+  0.437096  -0.054414
+  0.446997  -0.054388
+  0.456907  -0.054345
+  0.466828  -0.054283
+  0.476757  -0.054203
+  0.486697  -0.054104
+  0.496645  -0.053984
+  0.506603  -0.053844
+  0.516570  -0.053683
+  0.526546  -0.053500
+  0.536531  -0.053295
+  0.546525  -0.053066
+  0.556528  -0.052813
+  0.566539  -0.052535
+  0.576559  -0.052232
+  0.586587  -0.051903
+  0.596624  -0.051546
+  0.606669  -0.051161
+  0.616722  -0.050748
+  0.626782  -0.050305
+  0.636851  -0.049831
+  0.646927  -0.049325
+  0.657010  -0.048787
+  0.667100  -0.048215
+  0.677196  -0.047607
+  0.687299  -0.046964
+  0.697409  -0.046284
+  0.707523  -0.045565
+  0.717643  -0.044806
+  0.727768  -0.044006
+  0.737898  -0.043163
+  0.748031  -0.042276
+  0.758168  -0.041343
+  0.768307  -0.040363
+  0.778449  -0.039333
+  0.788591  -0.038253
+  0.798735  -0.037121
+  0.808878  -0.035934
+  0.819020  -0.034690
+  0.829161  -0.033388
+  0.839298  -0.032026
+  0.849431  -0.030600
+  0.859560  -0.029110
+  0.869681  -0.027552
+  0.879796  -0.025925
+  0.889901  -0.024225
+  0.899996  -0.022451
+  0.910079  -0.020600
+  0.920148  -0.018668
+  0.930203  -0.016654
+  0.940240  -0.014555
+  0.950258  -0.012367
+  0.960256  -0.010088
+  0.970232  -0.007715
+  0.980182  -0.005244
+  0.990106  -0.002674
+  1.000000  -0.000000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe795sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe795sm.dat
index f14754938..faa4319b0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe795sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/goe795sm.dat
@@ -68,4 +68,3 @@
    0.98296 -0.00153
    0.99572 -0.00044
    1.00000  0.0
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hobiesm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hobiesm.dat
index 6ed1c5122..8cb33ddd0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hobiesm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hobiesm.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-HOBIESMO1.DAT                           
+HOBIESMO1.DAT
   1.000000  0.000000
   0.990000  0.002053
   0.980000  0.004078
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hq2590sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hq2590sm.dat
index 03d888bb0..0bcbedd8b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hq2590sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/hq2590sm.dat
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ HQ 2.5/9.0 smoothed by Eppler
 0.01250 -.00910
 0.02500 -.01190
 0.05000 -.01500
-0.10000 -.01820 
+0.10000 -.01820
 0.15000 -.02000
 0.20000 -.02130
 0.25000 -.02210
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ht14.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ht14.dat
index 0842116f6..2e9d66c7a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ht14.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ht14.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-HT 14 
+HT 14
      1.000020    0.000944
      0.993315    0.001264
      0.981240    0.001846
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/j5012.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/j5012.dat
index ae638a240..f56b0673d 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/j5012.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/j5012.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-   J5012   12% 
+   J5012   12%
    1.00000   0.00000
    0.99726   0.00043
    0.98907   0.00169
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/k3311.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/k3311.dat
index 3737c43ff..e4e52cc4a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/k3311.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/k3311.dat
@@ -1,50 +1,50 @@
 K3311  (original)
-   1.0000000     0.0000000  
-   0.9500000     0.0104300  
-   0.9000000     0.0200900  
-   0.8500000     0.0293100  
-   0.8000000     0.0384200  
-   0.7500000     0.0467000  
-   0.7000000     0.0547600  
-   0.6500000     0.0617000  
-   0.6000000     0.0689500  
-   0.5500000     0.0748500  
-   0.5000000     0.0796600  
-   0.4500000     0.0834700  
-   0.4000000     0.0861800  
-   0.3500000     0.0870200  
-   0.3000000     0.0859500  
-   0.2500000     0.0831000  
-   0.2000000     0.0777600  
-   0.1500000     0.0696600  
-   0.1000000     0.0574800  
-   0.0800000     0.0513000  
-   0.0600000     0.0441200  
-   0.0400000     0.0349800  
-   0.0200000     0.0232700  
-   0.0100000     0.0156300  
-   0.0000000     0.0000000  
-   0.0100000    -0.0103600  
-   0.0200000    -0.0128500  
-   0.0400000    -0.0163500  
-   0.0600000    -0.0189600  
-   0.0800000    -0.0204500  
-   0.1000000    -0.0216900  
-   0.1500000    -0.0238700  
-   0.2000000    -0.0249200  
-   0.2500000    -0.0246800  
-   0.3000000    -0.0240500  
-   0.3500000    -0.0226000  
-   0.4000000    -0.0211300  
-   0.4500000    -0.0188300  
-   0.5000000    -0.0160800  
-   0.5500000    -0.0132700  
-   0.6000000    -0.0105300  
-   0.6500000    -0.0081200  
-   0.7000000    -0.0059200  
-   0.7500000    -0.0039600  
-   0.8000000    -0.0023200  
-   0.8500000    -0.0012100  
-   0.9000000    -0.0005100  
-   0.9500000    -0.0005400  
-   1.0000000     0.0000000  
\ No newline at end of file
+   1.0000000     0.0000000
+   0.9500000     0.0104300
+   0.9000000     0.0200900
+   0.8500000     0.0293100
+   0.8000000     0.0384200
+   0.7500000     0.0467000
+   0.7000000     0.0547600
+   0.6500000     0.0617000
+   0.6000000     0.0689500
+   0.5500000     0.0748500
+   0.5000000     0.0796600
+   0.4500000     0.0834700
+   0.4000000     0.0861800
+   0.3500000     0.0870200
+   0.3000000     0.0859500
+   0.2500000     0.0831000
+   0.2000000     0.0777600
+   0.1500000     0.0696600
+   0.1000000     0.0574800
+   0.0800000     0.0513000
+   0.0600000     0.0441200
+   0.0400000     0.0349800
+   0.0200000     0.0232700
+   0.0100000     0.0156300
+   0.0000000     0.0000000
+   0.0100000    -0.0103600
+   0.0200000    -0.0128500
+   0.0400000    -0.0163500
+   0.0600000    -0.0189600
+   0.0800000    -0.0204500
+   0.1000000    -0.0216900
+   0.1500000    -0.0238700
+   0.2000000    -0.0249200
+   0.2500000    -0.0246800
+   0.3000000    -0.0240500
+   0.3500000    -0.0226000
+   0.4000000    -0.0211300
+   0.4500000    -0.0188300
+   0.5000000    -0.0160800
+   0.5500000    -0.0132700
+   0.6000000    -0.0105300
+   0.6500000    -0.0081200
+   0.7000000    -0.0059200
+   0.7500000    -0.0039600
+   0.8000000    -0.0023200
+   0.8500000    -0.0012100
+   0.9000000    -0.0005100
+   0.9500000    -0.0005400
+   1.0000000     0.0000000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/legionair140_sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/legionair140_sm.dat
index b5e2f23f4..9cf5096f3 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/legionair140_sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/legionair140_sm.dat
@@ -196,4 +196,4 @@ Legionair 140 (digitized and smoothed by MSelig)
 0.9959770 -0.0031717
 0.9977360 -0.0031994
 0.9989930 -0.0032205
-0.9993102 -0.0032261
\ No newline at end of file
+0.9993102 -0.0032261
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m665.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m665.dat
index 6cbc00127..b463a062d 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m665.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m665.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-M6 (65%)     
+M6 (65%)
 1       0
 0.95    0.0052
 0.9     0.010075
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m685.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m685.dat
index 344c5087c..2e106fb56 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m685.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/m685.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-M6 (85%)     
+M6 (85%)
 1       0
 0.95    0.0068
 0.9     0.013175
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/marsden.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/marsden.dat
index 021160c86..4cd5f2023 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/marsden.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/marsden.dat
@@ -1,102 +1,102 @@
 Marsden
-1.00000  0.00000  
- .99901   .00262   
- .99606   .00626   
- .99114   .01056   
- .98429   .01524   
- .97553   .02053   
- .96489   .02626   
- .95241   .03240   
- .93815   .03892   
- .92216   .04579   
- .90451   .05299   
- .88526   .06051   
- .86448   .06833   
- .84227   .07646   
- .81871   .08488   
- .79389   .09359   
- .76791   .10259   
- .74088   .11186   
- .71289   .12139   
- .68406   .13119   
- .65451   .14124   
- .62434   .15152   
- .59369   .16202   
- .56267   .17271   
- .53140   .18354   
- .50000   .19447   
- .46860   .20538   
- .43733   .21603   
- .40631   .22583   
- .37565   .23224   
- .34549   .23476   
- .31594   .23466   
- .28711   .23203   
- .25912   .22740   
- .23209   .22110   
- .20611   .21336   
- .18129   .20435   
- .15773   .19425   
- .13552   .18319   
- .11474   .17131   
- .09549   .15877   
- .07784   .14569   
- .06185   .13222   
- .04759   .11851   
- .03511   .10471   
- .02447   .09098   
- .01571   .07745   
- .00886   .06441   
- .00394   .05181   
- .00099   .03930   
-0.00000   .02924  
- .00099   .01540   
- .00394   .00084    
- .00886  -.01272    
- .01571  -.02280    
- .02447  -.02967    
- .03511  -.03389    
- .04759  -.03701    
- .06185  -.03958    
- .07784  -.04184    
- .09549  -.04372    
- .11474  -.04519    
- .13552  -.04628    
- .15773  -.04701    
- .18129  -.04736    
- .20611  -.04734    
- .23209  -.04696    
- .25912  -.04628    
- .28711  -.04531    
- .31594  -.04409    
- .34549  -.04264    
- .37565  -.04095    
- .40631  -.03897    
- .43733  -.03662    
- .46860  -.03381    
- .50000  -.03043    
- .53140  -.02640    
- .56267  -.02167    
- .59369  -.01625    
- .62434  -.01022    
- .65451  -.00384    
- .68406   .00257    
- .71289   .00864    
- .74088   .01408    
- .76791   .01870    
- .79389   .02240    
- .81871   .02516    
- .84227   .02699    
- .86448   .02793    
- .88526   .02801    
- .90451   .02729    
- .92216   .02588    
- .93815   .02388    
- .95241   .02133    
- .96489   .01832    
- .97553   .01499    
- .98429   .01153    
- .99114   .00815    
- .99606   .00485    
- .99901   .00219    
-1.00000  0.00000    
+1.00000  0.00000
+ .99901   .00262
+ .99606   .00626
+ .99114   .01056
+ .98429   .01524
+ .97553   .02053
+ .96489   .02626
+ .95241   .03240
+ .93815   .03892
+ .92216   .04579
+ .90451   .05299
+ .88526   .06051
+ .86448   .06833
+ .84227   .07646
+ .81871   .08488
+ .79389   .09359
+ .76791   .10259
+ .74088   .11186
+ .71289   .12139
+ .68406   .13119
+ .65451   .14124
+ .62434   .15152
+ .59369   .16202
+ .56267   .17271
+ .53140   .18354
+ .50000   .19447
+ .46860   .20538
+ .43733   .21603
+ .40631   .22583
+ .37565   .23224
+ .34549   .23476
+ .31594   .23466
+ .28711   .23203
+ .25912   .22740
+ .23209   .22110
+ .20611   .21336
+ .18129   .20435
+ .15773   .19425
+ .13552   .18319
+ .11474   .17131
+ .09549   .15877
+ .07784   .14569
+ .06185   .13222
+ .04759   .11851
+ .03511   .10471
+ .02447   .09098
+ .01571   .07745
+ .00886   .06441
+ .00394   .05181
+ .00099   .03930
+0.00000   .02924
+ .00099   .01540
+ .00394   .00084
+ .00886  -.01272
+ .01571  -.02280
+ .02447  -.02967
+ .03511  -.03389
+ .04759  -.03701
+ .06185  -.03958
+ .07784  -.04184
+ .09549  -.04372
+ .11474  -.04519
+ .13552  -.04628
+ .15773  -.04701
+ .18129  -.04736
+ .20611  -.04734
+ .23209  -.04696
+ .25912  -.04628
+ .28711  -.04531
+ .31594  -.04409
+ .34549  -.04264
+ .37565  -.04095
+ .40631  -.03897
+ .43733  -.03662
+ .46860  -.03381
+ .50000  -.03043
+ .53140  -.02640
+ .56267  -.02167
+ .59369  -.01625
+ .62434  -.01022
+ .65451  -.00384
+ .68406   .00257
+ .71289   .00864
+ .74088   .01408
+ .76791   .01870
+ .79389   .02240
+ .81871   .02516
+ .84227   .02699
+ .86448   .02793
+ .88526   .02801
+ .90451   .02729
+ .92216   .02588
+ .93815   .02388
+ .95241   .02133
+ .96489   .01832
+ .97553   .01499
+ .98429   .01153
+ .99114   .00815
+ .99606   .00485
+ .99901   .00219
+1.00000  0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh102.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh102.dat
index dcb89d66d..c7b738fd2 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh102.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh102.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 102  16.99% 
+MH 102  16.99%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99614983  0.00063728
   0.98520565  0.00282240
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh104.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh104.dat
index 6242a7441..a11bc919f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh104.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh104.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 104  15.28% 
+MH 104  15.28%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99619582  0.00017047
   0.98515158  0.00100213
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh106.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh106.dat
index 09c48831c..cfeb22c6f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh106.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh106.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 106  13.07% 
+MH 106  13.07%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99633896  0.00013538
   0.98572712  0.00081905
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh108.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh108.dat
index e0352cdbd..f0f81d4fc 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh108.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh108.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 108  11.98% 
+MH 108  11.98%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99643033  0.00010286
   0.98603763  0.00066669
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh110.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh110.dat
index eee17fbd6..e3adc8311 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh110.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh110.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 110  10.01% 
+MH 110  10.01%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99653679 -0.00000839
   0.98640394  0.00020868
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh113.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh113.dat
index 2ff7398f4..d05d52db1 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh113.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh113.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 113  14.62% 
+MH 113  14.62%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99657911  0.00129859
   0.98693705  0.00520599
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh114.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh114.dat
index 9e817754e..a95660103 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh114.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh114.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 114  13.02% 
+MH 114  13.02%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99667566  0.00127091
   0.98731466  0.00508030
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh115.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh115.dat
index 07710e96f..3b13b5445 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh115.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh115.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 115  11.06% 
+MH 115  11.06%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99674566  0.00104546
   0.98749507  0.00420491
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh116.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh116.dat
index 9f80f997e..1af5f1427 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh116.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh116.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 116  9.84% 
+MH 116  9.84%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99670146  0.00074814
   0.98721743  0.00307583
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh117.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh117.dat
index 556689580..4273a5704 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh117.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh117.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 117  9.8% 
+MH 117  9.8%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99669031  0.00049003
   0.98707731  0.00207033
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh120.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh120.dat
index af564edfa..be81a1cb9 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh120.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh120.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 120  8.0% 
+MH 120  8.0%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99679998  0.00083000
   0.98778998  0.00341000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh121.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh121.dat
index 7a8b71a74..a17f7b5d3 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh121.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh121.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 121  8.76% 
+MH 121  8.76%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99673797  0.00085150
   0.98753891  0.00352659
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh122.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh122.dat
index 7cb26922c..70bcb4223 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh122.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh122.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 122  9.32% 
+MH 122  9.32%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99671214  0.00094088
   0.98747022  0.00387049
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh18.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh18.dat
index 36522222e..55a5f20df 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh18.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh18.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 18  11.16% 
+MH 18  11.16%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99641612 -0.00002507
   0.98568442  0.00017532
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh20.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh20.dat
index 949bf7bea..5d8015c90 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh20.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh20.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 20  9.01% 
+MH 20  9.01%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99663722 -0.00000502
   0.98661979  0.00015827
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh200.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh200.dat
index 7f09c8ae6..42c694af0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh200.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh200.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 200  12.97% 
+MH 200  12.97%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99649500  0.00069704
   0.98645609  0.00294186
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh201.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh201.dat
index ef6d33424..748db9dbc 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh201.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh201.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 201  13.08% 
+MH 201  13.08%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99656789  0.00095473
   0.98687599  0.00389591
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh22.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh22.dat
index 0e4c16a33..4f71d2301 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh22.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh22.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 22  7.2% 
+MH 22  7.2%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99679155  0.00013675
   0.98733295  0.00067257
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh23.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh23.dat
index e772cfed2..4e37afd34 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh23.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh23.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 23  8% 
+MH 23  8%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99654891  0.00021002
   0.98638164  0.00106437
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh24.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh24.dat
index c8699a4d7..ecd0ea8b6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh24.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh24.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 24  9.01% 
+MH 24  9.01%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99653760  0.00038212
   0.98634807  0.00161986
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh25.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh25.dat
index 0557f71b9..19ec4c2cc 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh25.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh25.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 25  9.98% 
+MH 25  9.98%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99635051  0.00044823
   0.98573137  0.00204140
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh26.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh26.dat
index cd2705a5a..605e6a826 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh26.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh26.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 26  10.99% 
+MH 26  10.99%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99601781  0.00046831
   0.98473175  0.00248610
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh27.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh27.dat
index f1c6eeca1..f915b0ec0 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh27.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh27.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 27  11.99% 
+MH 27  11.99%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99571520  0.00058599
   0.98395553  0.00317054
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh30.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh30.dat
index b91681099..ab9aa5e01 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh30.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh30.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 30  7.84% 
+MH 30  7.84%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99675057  0.00027732
   0.98718030  0.00121266
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh32.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh32.dat
index 16378c270..8cb50ee07 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh32.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh32.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 32  8.7% 
+MH 32  8.7%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99671850  0.00034782
   0.98706463  0.00149967
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh38.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh38.dat
index 85e8ad1ea..8b0a3f505 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh38.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh38.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 38  9.68% 
+MH 38  9.68%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99681503  0.00052829
   0.98744069  0.00206411
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh42.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh42.dat
index c315da31b..19bb57045 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh42.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh42.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 42  8.94% 
+MH 42  8.94%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99671790  0.00016926
   0.98700940  0.00079075
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh43.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh43.dat
index 627ef154b..011840dd7 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh43.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh43.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 43  8.5% 
+MH 43  8.5%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99678486  0.00013989
   0.98724370  0.00065258
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh44.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh44.dat
index 46a63d1ec..848b690b6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh44.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh44.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 44  9.66% 
+MH 44  9.66%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99653011  0.00006570
   0.98631190  0.00045598
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh45.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh45.dat
index f8134c36b..f7a36d228 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh45.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh45.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 45  9.85% 
+MH 45  9.85%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99669413 -0.00009724
   0.98669781 -0.00019095
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh46.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh46.dat
index 7c497126d..56324b907 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh46.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh46.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 46  11.39% 
+MH 46  11.39%
 1.00000 0.00000
 0.99671 -0.00029
 0.98666 -0.00098
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh60.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh60.dat
index 5ba7e3949..fa50abeaf 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh60.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh60.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 60  10.08% 
+MH 60  10.08%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99666580 -0.00010721
   0.98657699 -0.00021857
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh61.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh61.dat
index 7421487a0..331dfb308 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh61.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh61.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 61  10.26% 
+MH 61  10.26%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99662552 -0.00021296
   0.98634442 -0.00058867
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh62.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh62.dat
index 3ffc989d8..0002c35ec 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh62.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh62.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 62  9.3% 
+MH 62  9.3%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99672320 -0.00005436
   0.98685283 -0.00004227
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh64.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh64.dat
index 2b853185d..6733389bf 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh64.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh64.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 64  8.59% 
+MH 64  8.59%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99677882 -0.00001741
   0.98710222  0.00007686
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh70.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh70.dat
index 1022d4e3f..47ade5c08 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh70.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh70.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 70  11.08% 
+MH 70  11.08%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99663874  0.00038973
   0.98681861  0.00160039
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh78.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh78.dat
index be50eee3c..2823b9875 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh78.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh78.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 78  14.47% 
+MH 78  14.47%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99647376 -0.00005769
   0.98594343 -0.00006167
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh80.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh80.dat
index fde9e0487..736d365ac 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh80.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh80.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 80  12.72% 
+MH 80  12.72%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99660556  0.00000514
   0.98645333  0.00016607
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh81.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh81.dat
index 479ac9232..56f319ef2 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh81.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh81.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 81  13% 
+MH 81  13%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99661165  0.00005746
   0.98647639  0.00037471
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh82.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh82.dat
index 7df514eba..fc2cb6c00 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh82.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh82.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 82  13.31% 
+MH 82  13.31%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99661459  0.00010716
   0.98648759  0.00057417
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh83.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh83.dat
index 9f98f0b7c..7bc71b83e 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh83.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh83.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 83  13.29% 
+MH 83  13.29%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99672899  0.00023531
   0.98692015  0.00105909
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh84.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh84.dat
index 9cc9587f7..2dfe3575a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh84.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh84.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 84  13.69% 
+MH 84  13.69%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99671739  0.00026180
   0.98688171  0.00116145
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh91.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh91.dat
index 79d6aa0a0..5a4d9dff3 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh91.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh91.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 91  14.98% 
+MH 91  14.98%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99637709  0.00002958
   0.98560583  0.00033179
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh92.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh92.dat
index 55b03e23d..2495ab1be 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh92.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh92.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 92  15.49% 
+MH 92  15.49%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99633872  0.00001428
   0.98545250  0.00028221
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh93.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh93.dat
index a164f88a6..2697544d7 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh93.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh93.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 93  15.98% 
+MH 93  15.98%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99629901 -0.00000249
   0.98529378  0.00022786
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh94.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh94.dat
index 5cc77c338..0b5d204a8 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh94.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh94.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 94  16.03% 
+MH 94  16.03%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99614372  0.00075299
   0.98517671  0.00333401
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh95.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh95.dat
index 98b6eebd9..be5880df6 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh95.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mh95.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MH 95  15.86% 
+MH 95  15.86%
   1.00000000  0.00000000
   0.99613463  0.00089175
   0.98525133  0.00368100
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-strut1.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-strut1.dat
index 9ce514928..a5a15950d 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-strut1.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-strut1.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MI-STRUT1       
+MI-STRUT1
     1   0.00367
     0.99994 0.00369
     0.99975 0.00376
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-vawt1.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-vawt1.dat
index f27813a6d..473e9e3a9 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-vawt1.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/mi-vawt1.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MI-VAWT1        
+MI-VAWT1
     1   0.00959
     0.996   0.00979
     0.98972 0.01019
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ MI-VAWT1
     0.00049 0.00953
     0.00021 0.00676
     0.00005 0.00396
-0   -0.00018    
+0   -0.00018
     0.00002 -0.00207
     0.00015 -0.00612
     0.0004  -0.00873
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/miley.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/miley.dat
index ba9e2a25a..6451e92d4 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/miley.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/miley.dat
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ MILEY M06-13-128
 0.93068  0.00631
 0.89849  0.01002
 0.86112  0.01499
-0.81923  0.02139 
+0.81923  0.02139
 0.77354  0.02930
 0.72493  0.03878
 0.67434  0.04980
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ MILEY M06-13-128
 0.00030  -.00183
 0.00233  -.00372
 0.01203  -.00669
-0.02803  -.00901   
+0.02803  -.00901
 0.04987  -.01077
 0.07718  -.01203
 0.10959  -.01287
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/naca23012.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/naca23012.dat
index d225b1788..e24287eee 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/naca23012.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/naca23012.dat
@@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
- NACA 23012  12% 
- 1.00003  0.00126  
- 0.99730  0.00170  
- 0.98914  0.00302  
- 0.97563  0.00518  
- 0.95693  0.00812  
- 0.93324  0.01176  
- 0.90482  0.01602  
- 0.87197  0.02079  
- 0.83506  0.02597  
- 0.79449  0.03145  
- 0.75070  0.03712  
- 0.70417  0.04285  
- 0.65541  0.04854  
- 0.60496  0.05405  
- 0.55335  0.05924  
- 0.50117  0.06397  
- 0.44897  0.06811  
- 0.39733  0.07150  
- 0.34681  0.07402  
- 0.29796  0.07554  
- 0.25131  0.07597  
- 0.20738  0.07524  
- 0.16604  0.07320  
- 0.12732  0.06915  
- 0.09230  0.06265  
- 0.06203  0.05382  
- 0.03730  0.04324  
- 0.01865  0.03176  
- 0.00628  0.02030  
- 0.00015  0.00956  
- 0.00000  0.00000  
- 0.00533 -0.00792  
- 0.01557 -0.01401  
- 0.03029 -0.01870  
- 0.04915 -0.02248  
- 0.07195 -0.02586  
- 0.09868 -0.02922  
- 0.12954 -0.03282  
- 0.16483 -0.03660  
- 0.20483 -0.04016  
- 0.24869 -0.04283  
- 0.29531 -0.04446  
- 0.34418 -0.04510  
- 0.39476 -0.04482  
- 0.44650 -0.04371  
- 0.49883 -0.04188  
- 0.55117 -0.03945  
- 0.60296 -0.03655  
- 0.65360 -0.03327  
- 0.70257 -0.02975  
- 0.74930 -0.02607  
- 0.79330 -0.02235  
- 0.83407 -0.01866  
- 0.87118 -0.01512  
- 0.90420 -0.01180  
- 0.93279 -0.00880  
- 0.95661 -0.00621  
- 0.97543 -0.00410  
- 0.98901 -0.00254  
- 0.99722 -0.00158  
- 0.99997 -0.00126  
+ NACA 23012  12%
+ 1.00003  0.00126
+ 0.99730  0.00170
+ 0.98914  0.00302
+ 0.97563  0.00518
+ 0.95693  0.00812
+ 0.93324  0.01176
+ 0.90482  0.01602
+ 0.87197  0.02079
+ 0.83506  0.02597
+ 0.79449  0.03145
+ 0.75070  0.03712
+ 0.70417  0.04285
+ 0.65541  0.04854
+ 0.60496  0.05405
+ 0.55335  0.05924
+ 0.50117  0.06397
+ 0.44897  0.06811
+ 0.39733  0.07150
+ 0.34681  0.07402
+ 0.29796  0.07554
+ 0.25131  0.07597
+ 0.20738  0.07524
+ 0.16604  0.07320
+ 0.12732  0.06915
+ 0.09230  0.06265
+ 0.06203  0.05382
+ 0.03730  0.04324
+ 0.01865  0.03176
+ 0.00628  0.02030
+ 0.00015  0.00956
+ 0.00000  0.00000
+ 0.00533 -0.00792
+ 0.01557 -0.01401
+ 0.03029 -0.01870
+ 0.04915 -0.02248
+ 0.07195 -0.02586
+ 0.09868 -0.02922
+ 0.12954 -0.03282
+ 0.16483 -0.03660
+ 0.20483 -0.04016
+ 0.24869 -0.04283
+ 0.29531 -0.04446
+ 0.34418 -0.04510
+ 0.39476 -0.04482
+ 0.44650 -0.04371
+ 0.49883 -0.04188
+ 0.55117 -0.03945
+ 0.60296 -0.03655
+ 0.65360 -0.03327
+ 0.70257 -0.02975
+ 0.74930 -0.02607
+ 0.79330 -0.02235
+ 0.83407 -0.01866
+ 0.87118 -0.01512
+ 0.90420 -0.01180
+ 0.93279 -0.00880
+ 0.95661 -0.00621
+ 0.97543 -0.00410
+ 0.98901 -0.00254
+ 0.99722 -0.00158
+ 0.99997 -0.00126
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/nlf1015.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/nlf1015.dat
index bbc44f648..116799b7e 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/nlf1015.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/nlf1015.dat
@@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
 NASA NLF(1)-1015
-  1.00000  0.00000  
-  0.99657  0.00146  
-  0.98712  0.00583  
-  0.97298  0.01248  
-  0.95446  0.02023  
-  0.93125  0.02865  
-  0.90350  0.03788  
-  0.87177  0.04788  
-  0.83659  0.05840  
-  0.79853  0.06915  
-  0.75812  0.07981  
-  0.71589  0.09000  
-  0.67236  0.09933  
-  0.62799  0.10732  
-  0.58299  0.11337  
-  0.53726  0.11727  
-  0.49085  0.11922  
-  0.44416  0.11947  
-  0.39771  0.11815  
-  0.35196  0.11535  
-  0.30741  0.11115  
-  0.26449  0.10564  
-  0.22364  0.09892  
-  0.18527  0.09110  
-  0.14974  0.08232  
-  0.11740  0.07273  
-  0.08855  0.06249  
-  0.06343  0.05179  
-  0.04226  0.04085  
-  0.02521  0.02995  
-  0.01241  0.01938  
-  0.00398  0.00957  
-  0.00008  0.00117  
-  0.00208 -0.00535  
-  0.01053 -0.01088  
-  0.02456 -0.01608  
-  0.04389 -0.02071  
-  0.06828 -0.02466  
-  0.09749 -0.02791  
-  0.13119 -0.03046  
-  0.16903 -0.03230  
-  0.21056 -0.03346  
-  0.25529 -0.03397  
-  0.30270 -0.03384  
-  0.35221 -0.03306  
-  0.40319 -0.03160  
-  0.45501 -0.02941  
-  0.50699 -0.02620  
-  0.55895 -0.02150  
-  0.61119 -0.01549  
-  0.66352 -0.00895  
-  0.71529 -0.00256  
-  0.76576  0.00311  
-  0.81405  0.00755  
-  0.85913  0.01035  
-  0.89987  0.01127  
-  0.93510  0.01032  
-  0.96363  0.00772  
-  0.98422  0.00416  
-  0.99617  0.00114  
-  1.00000  0.00000  
+  1.00000  0.00000
+  0.99657  0.00146
+  0.98712  0.00583
+  0.97298  0.01248
+  0.95446  0.02023
+  0.93125  0.02865
+  0.90350  0.03788
+  0.87177  0.04788
+  0.83659  0.05840
+  0.79853  0.06915
+  0.75812  0.07981
+  0.71589  0.09000
+  0.67236  0.09933
+  0.62799  0.10732
+  0.58299  0.11337
+  0.53726  0.11727
+  0.49085  0.11922
+  0.44416  0.11947
+  0.39771  0.11815
+  0.35196  0.11535
+  0.30741  0.11115
+  0.26449  0.10564
+  0.22364  0.09892
+  0.18527  0.09110
+  0.14974  0.08232
+  0.11740  0.07273
+  0.08855  0.06249
+  0.06343  0.05179
+  0.04226  0.04085
+  0.02521  0.02995
+  0.01241  0.01938
+  0.00398  0.00957
+  0.00008  0.00117
+  0.00208 -0.00535
+  0.01053 -0.01088
+  0.02456 -0.01608
+  0.04389 -0.02071
+  0.06828 -0.02466
+  0.09749 -0.02791
+  0.13119 -0.03046
+  0.16903 -0.03230
+  0.21056 -0.03346
+  0.25529 -0.03397
+  0.30270 -0.03384
+  0.35221 -0.03306
+  0.40319 -0.03160
+  0.45501 -0.02941
+  0.50699 -0.02620
+  0.55895 -0.02150
+  0.61119 -0.01549
+  0.66352 -0.00895
+  0.71529 -0.00256
+  0.76576  0.00311
+  0.81405  0.00755
+  0.85913  0.01035
+  0.89987  0.01127
+  0.93510  0.01032
+  0.96363  0.00772
+  0.98422  0.00416
+  0.99617  0.00114
+  1.00000  0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu-90-125wl.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu-90-125wl.dat
index 34e1c2714..cf5e40b43 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu-90-125wl.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu-90-125wl.dat
@@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
 PSU-90-125WL
- 1.00000  0.00000 
- 0.99646  0.00062 
- 0.98627  0.00269 
- 0.97034  0.00630 
- 0.94931  0.01099 
- 0.92336  0.01635 
- 0.89265  0.02238 
- 0.85770  0.02912 
- 0.81908  0.03646 
- 0.77741  0.04423 
- 0.73333  0.05217 
- 0.68748  0.05999 
- 0.64048  0.06725 
- 0.59265  0.07341 
- 0.54409  0.07826 
- 0.49509  0.08194 
- 0.44618  0.08446 
- 0.39787  0.08580 
- 0.35064  0.08593 
- 0.30495  0.08482 
- 0.26123  0.08249 
- 0.21989  0.07893 
- 0.18131  0.07420 
- 0.14582  0.06835 
- 0.11371  0.06149 
- 0.08524  0.05373 
- 0.06062  0.04523 
- 0.04002  0.03617 
- 0.02356  0.02681 
- 0.01134  0.01745 
- 0.00343  0.00850 
- 0.00002  0.00063 
- 0.00240 -0.00590 
- 0.01088 -0.01194 
- 0.02456 -0.01782 
- 0.04321 -0.02324 
- 0.06663 -0.02804 
- 0.09462 -0.03211 
- 0.12693 -0.03539 
- 0.16327 -0.03786 
- 0.20328 -0.03951 
- 0.24657 -0.04033 
- 0.29269 -0.04037 
- 0.34116 -0.03965 
- 0.39144 -0.03822 
- 0.44300 -0.03610 
- 0.49525 -0.03331 
- 0.54770 -0.02975 
- 0.60004 -0.02548 
- 0.65193 -0.02083 
- 0.70276 -0.01622 
- 0.75178 -0.01192 
- 0.79827 -0.00814 
- 0.84149 -0.00502 
- 0.88073 -0.00261 
- 0.91534 -0.00093 
- 0.94469  0.00007 
- 0.96829  0.00051 
- 0.98567  0.00049 
- 0.99638  0.00018 
- 1.00000  0.00000 
+ 1.00000  0.00000
+ 0.99646  0.00062
+ 0.98627  0.00269
+ 0.97034  0.00630
+ 0.94931  0.01099
+ 0.92336  0.01635
+ 0.89265  0.02238
+ 0.85770  0.02912
+ 0.81908  0.03646
+ 0.77741  0.04423
+ 0.73333  0.05217
+ 0.68748  0.05999
+ 0.64048  0.06725
+ 0.59265  0.07341
+ 0.54409  0.07826
+ 0.49509  0.08194
+ 0.44618  0.08446
+ 0.39787  0.08580
+ 0.35064  0.08593
+ 0.30495  0.08482
+ 0.26123  0.08249
+ 0.21989  0.07893
+ 0.18131  0.07420
+ 0.14582  0.06835
+ 0.11371  0.06149
+ 0.08524  0.05373
+ 0.06062  0.04523
+ 0.04002  0.03617
+ 0.02356  0.02681
+ 0.01134  0.01745
+ 0.00343  0.00850
+ 0.00002  0.00063
+ 0.00240 -0.00590
+ 0.01088 -0.01194
+ 0.02456 -0.01782
+ 0.04321 -0.02324
+ 0.06663 -0.02804
+ 0.09462 -0.03211
+ 0.12693 -0.03539
+ 0.16327 -0.03786
+ 0.20328 -0.03951
+ 0.24657 -0.04033
+ 0.29269 -0.04037
+ 0.34116 -0.03965
+ 0.39144 -0.03822
+ 0.44300 -0.03610
+ 0.49525 -0.03331
+ 0.54770 -0.02975
+ 0.60004 -0.02548
+ 0.65193 -0.02083
+ 0.70276 -0.01622
+ 0.75178 -0.01192
+ 0.79827 -0.00814
+ 0.84149 -0.00502
+ 0.88073 -0.00261
+ 0.91534 -0.00093
+ 0.94469  0.00007
+ 0.96829  0.00051
+ 0.98567  0.00049
+ 0.99638  0.00018
+ 1.00000  0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu94097.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu94097.dat
index 2b95e48dd..282a970aa 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu94097.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/psu94097.dat
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ PSU 94-097 (AIAA 2001-2478)
  0.96959 0.00270
  0.98635 0.00141
  0.99656 0.00041
- 1.00000 0.00000
\ No newline at end of file
+ 1.00000 0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/r140sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/r140sm.dat
index 62e8a584a..a0d69ad7a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/r140sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/r140sm.dat
@@ -1,94 +1,94 @@
 R140  12.04% (smoothed)
-   1.00000  0.00000 
-   0.97241  0.00403 
-   0.94482  0.00786 
-   0.91826  0.01163 
-   0.88965  0.01578 
-   0.86206  0.01981 
-   0.83448  0.02376 
-   0.80689  0.02755 
-   0.77931  0.03118 
-   0.75172  0.03467 
-   0.72413  0.03803 
-   0.69696  0.04126 
-   0.66957  0.04441 
-   0.64174  0.04752 
-   0.61391  0.05051 
-   0.58783  0.05317 
-   0.56174  0.05567 
-   0.53304  0.05816 
-   0.50435  0.06032 
-   0.47913  0.06190 
-   0.45217  0.06321 
-   0.42261  0.06417 
-   0.39304  0.06458 
-   0.36696  0.06443 
-   0.34087  0.06380 
-   0.31035  0.06248 
-   0.28275  0.06080 
-   0.25516  0.05874 
-   0.22759  0.05629 
-   0.20000  0.05342 
-   0.17783  0.05073 
-   0.16087  0.04837 
-   0.14435  0.04578 
-   0.13102  0.04347 
-   0.11724  0.04088 
-   0.10345  0.03813 
-   0.08965  0.03524 
-   0.07586  0.03218 
-   0.06207  0.02888 
-   0.04826  0.02515 
-   0.03448  0.02075 
-   0.02759  0.01816 
-   0.02069  0.01524 
-   0.01379  0.01193 
-   0.00690  0.00801 
-   0.00348  0.00553 
-   0.00000  0.00000 
-   0.00348 -0.00547 
-   0.00690 -0.00787 
-   0.01379 -0.01151 
-   0.02069 -0.01445 
-   0.02759 -0.01695 
-   0.03448 -0.01911 
-   0.04826 -0.02280 
-   0.06261 -0.02609 
-   0.07652 -0.02896 
-   0.09043 -0.03158 
-   0.10348 -0.03381 
-   0.11739 -0.03597 
-   0.13304 -0.03815 
-   0.14696 -0.03993 
-   0.16174 -0.04172 
-   0.17696 -0.04347 
-   0.20000 -0.04598 
-   0.22759 -0.04868 
-   0.25516 -0.05099 
-   0.28522 -0.05298 
-   0.31035 -0.05423 
-   0.33793 -0.05518 
-   0.36552 -0.05571 
-   0.39310 -0.05583 
-   0.42068 -0.05557 
-   0.44827 -0.05495 
-   0.47586 -0.05402 
-   0.50344 -0.05279 
-   0.53043 -0.05128 
-   0.55861 -0.04932 
-   0.58621 -0.04705 
-   0.61378 -0.04456 
-   0.64130 -0.04201 
-   0.66913 -0.03945 
-   0.69655 -0.03692 
-   0.72431 -0.03424 
-   0.75172 -0.03137 
-   0.77931 -0.02822 
-   0.80870 -0.02466 
-   0.83448 -0.02146 
-   0.86206 -0.01805 
-   0.88870 -0.01477 
-   0.91724 -0.01125 
-   0.94482 -0.00776 
-   0.97241 -0.00407 
-   1.00000  0.00000 
+   1.00000  0.00000
+   0.97241  0.00403
+   0.94482  0.00786
+   0.91826  0.01163
+   0.88965  0.01578
+   0.86206  0.01981
+   0.83448  0.02376
+   0.80689  0.02755
+   0.77931  0.03118
+   0.75172  0.03467
+   0.72413  0.03803
+   0.69696  0.04126
+   0.66957  0.04441
+   0.64174  0.04752
+   0.61391  0.05051
+   0.58783  0.05317
+   0.56174  0.05567
+   0.53304  0.05816
+   0.50435  0.06032
+   0.47913  0.06190
+   0.45217  0.06321
+   0.42261  0.06417
+   0.39304  0.06458
+   0.36696  0.06443
+   0.34087  0.06380
+   0.31035  0.06248
+   0.28275  0.06080
+   0.25516  0.05874
+   0.22759  0.05629
+   0.20000  0.05342
+   0.17783  0.05073
+   0.16087  0.04837
+   0.14435  0.04578
+   0.13102  0.04347
+   0.11724  0.04088
+   0.10345  0.03813
+   0.08965  0.03524
+   0.07586  0.03218
+   0.06207  0.02888
+   0.04826  0.02515
+   0.03448  0.02075
+   0.02759  0.01816
+   0.02069  0.01524
+   0.01379  0.01193
+   0.00690  0.00801
+   0.00348  0.00553
+   0.00000  0.00000
+   0.00348 -0.00547
+   0.00690 -0.00787
+   0.01379 -0.01151
+   0.02069 -0.01445
+   0.02759 -0.01695
+   0.03448 -0.01911
+   0.04826 -0.02280
+   0.06261 -0.02609
+   0.07652 -0.02896
+   0.09043 -0.03158
+   0.10348 -0.03381
+   0.11739 -0.03597
+   0.13304 -0.03815
+   0.14696 -0.03993
+   0.16174 -0.04172
+   0.17696 -0.04347
+   0.20000 -0.04598
+   0.22759 -0.04868
+   0.25516 -0.05099
+   0.28522 -0.05298
+   0.31035 -0.05423
+   0.33793 -0.05518
+   0.36552 -0.05571
+   0.39310 -0.05583
+   0.42068 -0.05557
+   0.44827 -0.05495
+   0.47586 -0.05402
+   0.50344 -0.05279
+   0.53043 -0.05128
+   0.55861 -0.04932
+   0.58621 -0.04705
+   0.61378 -0.04456
+   0.64130 -0.04201
+   0.66913 -0.03945
+   0.69655 -0.03692
+   0.72431 -0.03424
+   0.75172 -0.03137
+   0.77931 -0.02822
+   0.80870 -0.02466
+   0.83448 -0.02146
+   0.86206 -0.01805
+   0.88870 -0.01477
+   0.91724 -0.01125
+   0.94482 -0.00776
+   0.97241 -0.00407
+   1.00000  0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1210.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1210.dat
index c1d487429..5628393a2 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1210.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1210.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-       S1210 12% 
+       S1210 12%
        1.00000     0.00000
        0.99837     0.00101
        0.99398     0.00397
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1221.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1221.dat
index 53bf50a63..d84aab40e 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1221.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s1221.dat
@@ -1,73 +1,73 @@
 S1221  w/o flap
- 1.00182  0.01052 
- 1.00010  0.01125 
- 0.99539  0.01347 
- 0.98834  0.01676 
- 0.97911  0.02033 
- 0.96725  0.02380 
- 0.95255  0.02730 
- 0.94744  0.02839 
- 0.87368  0.04200 
- 0.79952  0.05285 
- 0.72514  0.06224 
- 0.65074  0.07145 
- 0.64181  0.07259 
- 0.60457  0.07717 
- 0.56677  0.08157 
- 0.52865  0.08577 
- 0.49051  0.08975 
- 0.45264  0.09349 
- 0.41537  0.09693 
- 0.37902  0.09992 
- 0.34385  0.10232 
- 0.31005  0.10396 
- 0.27776  0.10469 
- 0.24715  0.10447 
- 0.21836  0.10298 
- 0.19125  0.10011 
- 0.16569  0.09601 
- 0.14166  0.09077 
- 0.11918  0.08461 
- 0.09838  0.07771 
- 0.07937  0.07022 
- 0.06223  0.06222 
- 0.04705  0.05386 
- 0.03388  0.04528 
- 0.02281  0.03663 
- 0.01391  0.02808 
- 0.00733  0.01969 
- 0.00297  0.01152 
- 0.00065  0.00384 
- 0.00037 -0.00287 
- 0.00271 -0.00774 
- 0.00859 -0.01117 
- 0.01809 -0.01422 
- 0.03068 -0.01687 
- 0.04619 -0.01910 
- 0.06442 -0.02087 
- 0.08523 -0.02216 
- 0.10841 -0.02290 
- 0.13379 -0.02304 
- 0.16116 -0.02248 
- 0.19026 -0.02101 
- 0.22124 -0.01814 
- 0.25456 -0.01393 
- 0.29026 -0.00894 
- 0.32811 -0.00346 
- 0.36788  0.00227 
- 0.40929  0.00802 
- 0.45202  0.01360 
- 0.49574  0.01880 
- 0.54006  0.02346 
- 0.58460  0.02742 
- 0.62895  0.03058 
- 0.65127  0.03183 
- 0.72628  0.03528 
- 0.80124  0.03663 
- 0.87610  0.03380 
- 0.95081  0.02472 
- 0.96969  0.02084 
- 0.98452  0.01668 
- 0.99445  0.01326 
- 1.00003  0.01119 
- 1.00181  0.01052 
+ 1.00182  0.01052
+ 1.00010  0.01125
+ 0.99539  0.01347
+ 0.98834  0.01676
+ 0.97911  0.02033
+ 0.96725  0.02380
+ 0.95255  0.02730
+ 0.94744  0.02839
+ 0.87368  0.04200
+ 0.79952  0.05285
+ 0.72514  0.06224
+ 0.65074  0.07145
+ 0.64181  0.07259
+ 0.60457  0.07717
+ 0.56677  0.08157
+ 0.52865  0.08577
+ 0.49051  0.08975
+ 0.45264  0.09349
+ 0.41537  0.09693
+ 0.37902  0.09992
+ 0.34385  0.10232
+ 0.31005  0.10396
+ 0.27776  0.10469
+ 0.24715  0.10447
+ 0.21836  0.10298
+ 0.19125  0.10011
+ 0.16569  0.09601
+ 0.14166  0.09077
+ 0.11918  0.08461
+ 0.09838  0.07771
+ 0.07937  0.07022
+ 0.06223  0.06222
+ 0.04705  0.05386
+ 0.03388  0.04528
+ 0.02281  0.03663
+ 0.01391  0.02808
+ 0.00733  0.01969
+ 0.00297  0.01152
+ 0.00065  0.00384
+ 0.00037 -0.00287
+ 0.00271 -0.00774
+ 0.00859 -0.01117
+ 0.01809 -0.01422
+ 0.03068 -0.01687
+ 0.04619 -0.01910
+ 0.06442 -0.02087
+ 0.08523 -0.02216
+ 0.10841 -0.02290
+ 0.13379 -0.02304
+ 0.16116 -0.02248
+ 0.19026 -0.02101
+ 0.22124 -0.01814
+ 0.25456 -0.01393
+ 0.29026 -0.00894
+ 0.32811 -0.00346
+ 0.36788  0.00227
+ 0.40929  0.00802
+ 0.45202  0.01360
+ 0.49574  0.01880
+ 0.54006  0.02346
+ 0.58460  0.02742
+ 0.62895  0.03058
+ 0.65127  0.03183
+ 0.72628  0.03528
+ 0.80124  0.03663
+ 0.87610  0.03380
+ 0.95081  0.02472
+ 0.96969  0.02084
+ 0.98452  0.01668
+ 0.99445  0.01326
+ 1.00003  0.01119
+ 1.00181  0.01052
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2027.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2027.dat
index 5253b7f2a..e768bc4d8 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2027.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2027.dat
@@ -61,4 +61,3 @@ S2027
 0.98597  0.00020
 0.99646  0.00009
 1.00000  0.00000
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2046.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2046.dat
index f9381f2a7..2e9c4e64e 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2046.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2046.dat
@@ -61,4 +61,3 @@ S2046
 0.98721  0.00116
 0.99679  0.00030
 1.00000  0.00000
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2050.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2050.dat
index 4741c4482..e455cbfb5 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2050.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s2050.dat
@@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
 S2050 8.93%
-       1.00000     0.00000  
-       0.99673     0.00047  
-       0.98732     0.00210  
-       0.97251     0.00484  
-       0.95280     0.00821  
-       0.92826     0.01179  
-       0.89894     0.01556  
-       0.86520     0.01956  
-       0.82744     0.02374  
-       0.78613     0.02806  
-       0.74177     0.03246  
-       0.69492     0.03689  
-       0.64622     0.04125  
-       0.59626     0.04529  
-       0.54553     0.04887  
-       0.49454     0.05190  
-       0.44383     0.05428  
-       0.39393     0.05591  
-       0.34531     0.05673  
-       0.29847     0.05667  
-       0.25386     0.05571  
-       0.21189     0.05380  
-       0.17293     0.05094  
-       0.13731     0.04718  
-       0.10534     0.04256  
-       0.07728     0.03716  
-       0.05332     0.03110  
-       0.03363     0.02452  
-       0.01833     0.01763  
-       0.00756     0.01069  
-       0.00137     0.00390  
-       0.00034    -0.00192  
-       0.00484    -0.00730  
-       0.01443    -0.01287  
-       0.02880    -0.01794  
-       0.04792    -0.02231  
-       0.07182    -0.02581  
-       0.10040    -0.02854  
-       0.13340    -0.03055  
-       0.17052    -0.03189  
-       0.21134    -0.03266  
-       0.25539    -0.03289  
-       0.30216    -0.03260  
-       0.35111    -0.03183  
-       0.40167    -0.03058  
-       0.45327    -0.02884  
-       0.50532    -0.02659  
-       0.55720    -0.02379  
-       0.60859    -0.02007  
-       0.65946    -0.01567  
-       0.70940    -0.01126  
-       0.75762    -0.00722  
-       0.80337    -0.00377  
-       0.84590    -0.00106  
-       0.88450     0.00084  
-       0.91851     0.00190  
-       0.94729     0.00216  
-       0.97020     0.00173  
-       0.98674     0.00098  
-       0.99669     0.00030  
-       1.00000     0.00000  
+       1.00000     0.00000
+       0.99673     0.00047
+       0.98732     0.00210
+       0.97251     0.00484
+       0.95280     0.00821
+       0.92826     0.01179
+       0.89894     0.01556
+       0.86520     0.01956
+       0.82744     0.02374
+       0.78613     0.02806
+       0.74177     0.03246
+       0.69492     0.03689
+       0.64622     0.04125
+       0.59626     0.04529
+       0.54553     0.04887
+       0.49454     0.05190
+       0.44383     0.05428
+       0.39393     0.05591
+       0.34531     0.05673
+       0.29847     0.05667
+       0.25386     0.05571
+       0.21189     0.05380
+       0.17293     0.05094
+       0.13731     0.04718
+       0.10534     0.04256
+       0.07728     0.03716
+       0.05332     0.03110
+       0.03363     0.02452
+       0.01833     0.01763
+       0.00756     0.01069
+       0.00137     0.00390
+       0.00034    -0.00192
+       0.00484    -0.00730
+       0.01443    -0.01287
+       0.02880    -0.01794
+       0.04792    -0.02231
+       0.07182    -0.02581
+       0.10040    -0.02854
+       0.13340    -0.03055
+       0.17052    -0.03189
+       0.21134    -0.03266
+       0.25539    -0.03289
+       0.30216    -0.03260
+       0.35111    -0.03183
+       0.40167    -0.03058
+       0.45327    -0.02884
+       0.50532    -0.02659
+       0.55720    -0.02379
+       0.60859    -0.02007
+       0.65946    -0.01567
+       0.70940    -0.01126
+       0.75762    -0.00722
+       0.80337    -0.00377
+       0.84590    -0.00106
+       0.88450     0.00084
+       0.91851     0.00190
+       0.94729     0.00216
+       0.97020     0.00173
+       0.98674     0.00098
+       0.99669     0.00030
+       1.00000     0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3016.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3016.dat
index 18859b064..5a403a8d4 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3016.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3016.dat
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ S3016-095-87
 0.63040 0.04917
 0.58106 0.05437
 0.53112 0.05885
-0.48109 0.06252 
+0.48109 0.06252
 0.43144 0.06528
-0.38265 0.06707 
+0.38265 0.06707
 0.33517 0.06783
 0.28946 0.06755
 0.24593 0.06624
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3025.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3025.dat
index 3b3967479..552e2b937 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3025.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s3025.dat
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-S3025 9.38%    
- 1.00000  0.0    
+S3025 9.38%
+ 1.00000  0.0
  0.99665  0.00052
  0.98690  0.00223
  0.97140  0.00529
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8021.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8021.dat
index fd2b6a271..02c8058f4 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8021.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8021.dat
@@ -60,4 +60,3 @@ S8021 (7.6%)
     0.987337675185626540 -0.001049051855963937
     0.996771998537498205 -0.000445632088021913
     1.000000000000000000 -0.000285000283689453
-
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8055.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8055.dat
index feb412602..cd58b808b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8055.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s8055.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-S8055 (12%) 
+S8055 (12%)
        1.00000      .00000
         .99796      .00016
         .99197      .00081
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104.dat
index 0b36b624b..69e382d6d 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104.dat
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 S9104
-# Airfoil by Michael Selig / CC BY 4.0 
+# Airfoil by Michael Selig / CC BY 4.0
     0.999999999933105066  0.002049999997622648
     0.998922389775543484  0.003909345437164422
     0.996426326208544877  0.009005334467319666
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104BTE.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104BTE.dat
index 2c5fed85a..f33afd7ab 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104BTE.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/s9104BTE.dat
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 S9104BTE
-# Airfoil by Michael Selig / CC BY 4.0 
+# Airfoil by Michael Selig / CC BY 4.0
     0.999999999933105066  0.03
     0.933089229548764387  0.064439109928013438
     0.914606300739654876  0.073311948863978238
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sd7034.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sd7034.dat
index b0b8e5f7c..7b8c0b03f 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sd7034.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sd7034.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-  SD7034 
+  SD7034
   1.00000  0.0
   0.99671  0.00035
   0.98696  0.00152
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sm701.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sm701.dat
index b1ed63ec6..23474957b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sm701.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sm701.dat
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ SM701
 0.72497     -0.01182
 0.77446     -0.00553
 0.82144     -0.00041
-0.86497     0.00324 
-0.90406     0.00526 
-0.93768     0.00567 
-0.96489     0.00463 
-0.98462     0.00262 
-0.99624     0.00073 
+0.86497     0.00324
+0.90406     0.00526
+0.93768     0.00567
+0.96489     0.00463
+0.98462     0.00262
+0.99624     0.00073
 1.00000     0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4621hp.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4621hp.dat
index b5a1ea68b..8d256dbdb 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4621hp.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4621hp.dat
@@ -1,161 +1,161 @@
 SP4621HP
- 1.00000     0.00235    
- 0.99495     0.00441    
- 0.98669     0.00771    
- 0.97745     0.01129    
- 0.96700     0.01521    
- 0.95516     0.01947    
- 0.94181     0.02407    
- 0.92711     0.02889    
- 0.91146     0.03378    
- 0.89521     0.03864    
- 0.87852     0.04344    
- 0.86139     0.04818    
- 0.84386     0.05286    
- 0.82599     0.05749    
- 0.80784     0.06207    
- 0.78947     0.06661    
- 0.77091     0.07115    
- 0.75220     0.07569    
- 0.73343     0.08025    
- 0.71465     0.08481    
- 0.69595     0.08934 
- 0.67737     0.09379 
- 0.65893     0.09814 
- 0.64067     0.10236 
- 0.62259     0.10641 
- 0.60470     0.11027 
- 0.58698     0.11392 
- 0.56941     0.11732 
- 0.55197     0.12047 
- 0.53464     0.12336 
- 0.51739     0.12597 
- 0.50022     0.12830 
- 0.48311     0.13034 
- 0.46605     0.13209 
- 0.44904     0.13352 
- 0.43207     0.13466 
- 0.41513     0.13549 
- 0.39826     0.13601 
- 0.38148     0.13620 
- 0.36481     0.13607 
- 0.34823     0.13560 
- 0.33173     0.13477 
- 0.31528     0.13358 
- 0.29888     0.13204 
- 0.28251     0.13013 
- 0.26617     0.12787 
- 0.24985     0.12525 
- 0.23354     0.12229 
- 0.21725     0.11898 
- 0.20100     0.11536 
- 0.18484     0.11143 
- 0.16887     0.10724 
- 0.15320     0.10280 
- 0.13796     0.09817 
- 0.12328     0.09337 
- 0.10932     0.08846 
- 0.09619     0.08348 
- 0.08407     0.07852 
- 0.07306     0.07365 
- 0.06323     0.06891 
- 0.05454     0.06430 
- 0.04692     0.05984 
- 0.04024     0.05551 
- 0.03440     0.05133 
- 0.02929     0.04727 
- 0.02482     0.04334 
- 0.02091     0.03954 
- 0.01750     0.03588 
- 0.01453     0.03236 
- 0.01196     0.02900 
- 0.00974     0.02578 
- 0.00783     0.02271 
- 0.00619     0.01977 
- 0.00480     0.01694 
- 0.00362     0.01420 
- 0.00263     0.01156 
- 0.00180     0.00902 
- 0.00112     0.00660 
- 0.00057     0.00429 
- 0.00019     0.00210 
- 0.00000    -0.00000 
- 0.00005    -0.00207 
- 0.00038    -0.00416 
- 0.00101    -0.00627 
- 0.00197    -0.00838 
- 0.00325    -0.01047 
- 0.00482    -0.01253 
- 0.00664    -0.01455 
- 0.00872    -0.01655 
- 0.01108    -0.01853 
- 0.01374    -0.02052 
- 0.01673    -0.02251 
- 0.02007    -0.02452 
- 0.02383    -0.02654 
- 0.02805    -0.02860 
- 0.03278    -0.03070 
- 0.03814    -0.03285 
- 0.04422    -0.03506 
- 0.05116    -0.03733 
- 0.05909    -0.03967 
- 0.06818    -0.04206 
- 0.07853    -0.04450 
- 0.09025    -0.04698 
- 0.10337    -0.04947 
- 0.11782    -0.05194 
- 0.13339    -0.05439 
- 0.14984    -0.05677 
- 0.16692    -0.05904 
- 0.18445    -0.06119 
- 0.20231    -0.06323 
- 0.22038    -0.06513 
- 0.23856    -0.06690 
- 0.25677    -0.06854 
- 0.27495    -0.07003 
- 0.29301    -0.07136 
- 0.31084    -0.07253 
- 0.32829    -0.07348 
- 0.34522    -0.07418 
- 0.36154    -0.07454 
- 0.37728    -0.07449 
- 0.39254    -0.07395 
- 0.40752    -0.07286 
- 0.42247    -0.07118 
- 0.43765    -0.06889 
- 0.45330    -0.06603 
- 0.46959    -0.06264 
- 0.48657    -0.05883 
- 0.50418    -0.05471 
- 0.52228    -0.05036 
- 0.54073    -0.04588 
- 0.55938    -0.04134 
- 0.57807    -0.03679 
- 0.59672    -0.03228 
- 0.61531    -0.02783 
- 0.63381    -0.02347 
- 0.65222    -0.01921 
- 0.67052    -0.01507 
- 0.68870    -0.01108 
- 0.70675    -0.00724 
- 0.72464    -0.00358 
- 0.74230    -0.00013 
- 0.75965     0.00307 
- 0.77667     0.00595 
- 0.79333     0.00848 
- 0.80964     0.01063 
- 0.82563     0.01237 
- 0.84132     0.01368 
- 0.85671     0.01454 
- 0.87179     0.01494 
- 0.88654     0.01488 
- 0.90094     0.01436 
- 0.91501     0.01340 
- 0.92872     0.01201 
- 0.94189     0.01026 
- 0.95427     0.00822 
- 0.96567     0.00602 
- 0.97601     0.00373 
- 0.98538     0.00143 
- 0.99386    -0.00085 
- 0.99910    -0.00235 
+ 1.00000     0.00235
+ 0.99495     0.00441
+ 0.98669     0.00771
+ 0.97745     0.01129
+ 0.96700     0.01521
+ 0.95516     0.01947
+ 0.94181     0.02407
+ 0.92711     0.02889
+ 0.91146     0.03378
+ 0.89521     0.03864
+ 0.87852     0.04344
+ 0.86139     0.04818
+ 0.84386     0.05286
+ 0.82599     0.05749
+ 0.80784     0.06207
+ 0.78947     0.06661
+ 0.77091     0.07115
+ 0.75220     0.07569
+ 0.73343     0.08025
+ 0.71465     0.08481
+ 0.69595     0.08934
+ 0.67737     0.09379
+ 0.65893     0.09814
+ 0.64067     0.10236
+ 0.62259     0.10641
+ 0.60470     0.11027
+ 0.58698     0.11392
+ 0.56941     0.11732
+ 0.55197     0.12047
+ 0.53464     0.12336
+ 0.51739     0.12597
+ 0.50022     0.12830
+ 0.48311     0.13034
+ 0.46605     0.13209
+ 0.44904     0.13352
+ 0.43207     0.13466
+ 0.41513     0.13549
+ 0.39826     0.13601
+ 0.38148     0.13620
+ 0.36481     0.13607
+ 0.34823     0.13560
+ 0.33173     0.13477
+ 0.31528     0.13358
+ 0.29888     0.13204
+ 0.28251     0.13013
+ 0.26617     0.12787
+ 0.24985     0.12525
+ 0.23354     0.12229
+ 0.21725     0.11898
+ 0.20100     0.11536
+ 0.18484     0.11143
+ 0.16887     0.10724
+ 0.15320     0.10280
+ 0.13796     0.09817
+ 0.12328     0.09337
+ 0.10932     0.08846
+ 0.09619     0.08348
+ 0.08407     0.07852
+ 0.07306     0.07365
+ 0.06323     0.06891
+ 0.05454     0.06430
+ 0.04692     0.05984
+ 0.04024     0.05551
+ 0.03440     0.05133
+ 0.02929     0.04727
+ 0.02482     0.04334
+ 0.02091     0.03954
+ 0.01750     0.03588
+ 0.01453     0.03236
+ 0.01196     0.02900
+ 0.00974     0.02578
+ 0.00783     0.02271
+ 0.00619     0.01977
+ 0.00480     0.01694
+ 0.00362     0.01420
+ 0.00263     0.01156
+ 0.00180     0.00902
+ 0.00112     0.00660
+ 0.00057     0.00429
+ 0.00019     0.00210
+ 0.00000    -0.00000
+ 0.00005    -0.00207
+ 0.00038    -0.00416
+ 0.00101    -0.00627
+ 0.00197    -0.00838
+ 0.00325    -0.01047
+ 0.00482    -0.01253
+ 0.00664    -0.01455
+ 0.00872    -0.01655
+ 0.01108    -0.01853
+ 0.01374    -0.02052
+ 0.01673    -0.02251
+ 0.02007    -0.02452
+ 0.02383    -0.02654
+ 0.02805    -0.02860
+ 0.03278    -0.03070
+ 0.03814    -0.03285
+ 0.04422    -0.03506
+ 0.05116    -0.03733
+ 0.05909    -0.03967
+ 0.06818    -0.04206
+ 0.07853    -0.04450
+ 0.09025    -0.04698
+ 0.10337    -0.04947
+ 0.11782    -0.05194
+ 0.13339    -0.05439
+ 0.14984    -0.05677
+ 0.16692    -0.05904
+ 0.18445    -0.06119
+ 0.20231    -0.06323
+ 0.22038    -0.06513
+ 0.23856    -0.06690
+ 0.25677    -0.06854
+ 0.27495    -0.07003
+ 0.29301    -0.07136
+ 0.31084    -0.07253
+ 0.32829    -0.07348
+ 0.34522    -0.07418
+ 0.36154    -0.07454
+ 0.37728    -0.07449
+ 0.39254    -0.07395
+ 0.40752    -0.07286
+ 0.42247    -0.07118
+ 0.43765    -0.06889
+ 0.45330    -0.06603
+ 0.46959    -0.06264
+ 0.48657    -0.05883
+ 0.50418    -0.05471
+ 0.52228    -0.05036
+ 0.54073    -0.04588
+ 0.55938    -0.04134
+ 0.57807    -0.03679
+ 0.59672    -0.03228
+ 0.61531    -0.02783
+ 0.63381    -0.02347
+ 0.65222    -0.01921
+ 0.67052    -0.01507
+ 0.68870    -0.01108
+ 0.70675    -0.00724
+ 0.72464    -0.00358
+ 0.74230    -0.00013
+ 0.75965     0.00307
+ 0.77667     0.00595
+ 0.79333     0.00848
+ 0.80964     0.01063
+ 0.82563     0.01237
+ 0.84132     0.01368
+ 0.85671     0.01454
+ 0.87179     0.01494
+ 0.88654     0.01488
+ 0.90094     0.01436
+ 0.91501     0.01340
+ 0.92872     0.01201
+ 0.94189     0.01026
+ 0.95427     0.00822
+ 0.96567     0.00602
+ 0.97601     0.00373
+ 0.98538     0.00143
+ 0.99386    -0.00085
+ 0.99910    -0.00235
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721bs.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721bs.dat
index b96176a55..32e9a23d5 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721bs.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721bs.dat
@@ -1,121 +1,121 @@
 SP4721BS
- 1.00000     0.00289 
- 0.99223     0.00546 
- 0.97894     0.01078 
- 0.96308     0.01776 
- 0.94514     0.02566 
- 0.92620     0.03360 
- 0.90659     0.04103 
- 0.88617     0.04801 
- 0.86500     0.05466 
- 0.84320     0.06110 
- 0.82102     0.06737 
- 0.79867     0.07343 
- 0.77618     0.07925 
- 0.75358     0.08485 
- 0.73092     0.09021 
- 0.70821     0.09534 
- 0.68548     0.10022 
- 0.66271     0.10483 
- 0.63991     0.10919 
- 0.61711     0.11327 
- 0.59427     0.11706 
- 0.57135     0.12058 
- 0.54840     0.12383 
- 0.52540     0.12683 
- 0.50248     0.12956 
- 0.47963     0.13197 
- 0.45695     0.13403 
- 0.43436     0.13569 
- 0.41189     0.13694 
- 0.38964     0.13775 
- 0.36769     0.13804 
- 0.34604     0.13773 
- 0.32456     0.13674 
- 0.30317     0.13506 
- 0.28177     0.13269 
- 0.26033     0.12966 
- 0.23883     0.12603 
- 0.21733     0.12183 
- 0.19592     0.11713 
- 0.17480     0.11196 
- 0.15416     0.10632 
- 0.13414     0.10017 
- 0.11490     0.09354 
- 0.09678     0.08650 
- 0.08006     0.07911 
- 0.06507     0.07154 
- 0.05206     0.06400 
- 0.04111     0.05673 
- 0.03215     0.04988 
- 0.02492     0.04352 
- 0.01913     0.03770 
- 0.01453     0.03238 
- 0.01085     0.02754 
- 0.00797     0.02308 
- 0.00560     0.01903 
- 0.00384     0.01525 
- 0.00239     0.01178 
- 0.00115     0.00860 
- 0.00055     0.00555 
- 0.00024     0.00267 
- 0.00000     0.00000 
- 0.00017    -0.00256 
- 0.00040    -0.00526 
- 0.00164    -0.00771 
- 0.00346    -0.01017 
- 0.00544    -0.01282 
- 0.00799    -0.01541 
- 0.01106    -0.01802 
- 0.01474    -0.02065 
- 0.01913    -0.02332 
- 0.02438    -0.02603 
- 0.03072    -0.02877 
- 0.03844    -0.03158 
- 0.04796    -0.03449 
- 0.05975    -0.03761 
- 0.07418    -0.04094 
- 0.09136    -0.04440 
- 0.11092    -0.04791 
- 0.13218    -0.05136 
- 0.15452    -0.05471 
- 0.17745    -0.05793 
- 0.20074    -0.06103 
- 0.22418    -0.06412 
- 0.24757    -0.06727 
- 0.27051    -0.07030 
- 0.29269    -0.07296 
- 0.31405    -0.07493 
- 0.33498    -0.07604 
- 0.35569    -0.07628 
- 0.37641    -0.07563 
- 0.39726    -0.07414 
- 0.41830    -0.07187 
- 0.43952    -0.06890 
- 0.46087    -0.06526 
- 0.48234    -0.06097 
- 0.50405    -0.05606 
- 0.52610    -0.05062 
- 0.54854    -0.04476 
- 0.57127    -0.03873 
- 0.59402    -0.03280 
- 0.61669    -0.02710 
- 0.63930    -0.02165 
- 0.66178    -0.01651 
- 0.68420    -0.01172 
- 0.70658    -0.00729 
- 0.72886    -0.00327 
- 0.75112     0.00033 
- 0.77327     0.00347 
- 0.79535     0.00614 
- 0.81725     0.00829 
- 0.83892     0.00986 
- 0.86032     0.01079 
- 0.88141     0.01103 
- 0.90211     0.01055 
- 0.92230     0.00932 
- 0.94172     0.00738 
- 0.95993     0.00485 
- 0.97634     0.00199 
- 0.99041    -0.00096 
- 0.99842    -0.00289 
+ 1.00000     0.00289
+ 0.99223     0.00546
+ 0.97894     0.01078
+ 0.96308     0.01776
+ 0.94514     0.02566
+ 0.92620     0.03360
+ 0.90659     0.04103
+ 0.88617     0.04801
+ 0.86500     0.05466
+ 0.84320     0.06110
+ 0.82102     0.06737
+ 0.79867     0.07343
+ 0.77618     0.07925
+ 0.75358     0.08485
+ 0.73092     0.09021
+ 0.70821     0.09534
+ 0.68548     0.10022
+ 0.66271     0.10483
+ 0.63991     0.10919
+ 0.61711     0.11327
+ 0.59427     0.11706
+ 0.57135     0.12058
+ 0.54840     0.12383
+ 0.52540     0.12683
+ 0.50248     0.12956
+ 0.47963     0.13197
+ 0.45695     0.13403
+ 0.43436     0.13569
+ 0.41189     0.13694
+ 0.38964     0.13775
+ 0.36769     0.13804
+ 0.34604     0.13773
+ 0.32456     0.13674
+ 0.30317     0.13506
+ 0.28177     0.13269
+ 0.26033     0.12966
+ 0.23883     0.12603
+ 0.21733     0.12183
+ 0.19592     0.11713
+ 0.17480     0.11196
+ 0.15416     0.10632
+ 0.13414     0.10017
+ 0.11490     0.09354
+ 0.09678     0.08650
+ 0.08006     0.07911
+ 0.06507     0.07154
+ 0.05206     0.06400
+ 0.04111     0.05673
+ 0.03215     0.04988
+ 0.02492     0.04352
+ 0.01913     0.03770
+ 0.01453     0.03238
+ 0.01085     0.02754
+ 0.00797     0.02308
+ 0.00560     0.01903
+ 0.00384     0.01525
+ 0.00239     0.01178
+ 0.00115     0.00860
+ 0.00055     0.00555
+ 0.00024     0.00267
+ 0.00000     0.00000
+ 0.00017    -0.00256
+ 0.00040    -0.00526
+ 0.00164    -0.00771
+ 0.00346    -0.01017
+ 0.00544    -0.01282
+ 0.00799    -0.01541
+ 0.01106    -0.01802
+ 0.01474    -0.02065
+ 0.01913    -0.02332
+ 0.02438    -0.02603
+ 0.03072    -0.02877
+ 0.03844    -0.03158
+ 0.04796    -0.03449
+ 0.05975    -0.03761
+ 0.07418    -0.04094
+ 0.09136    -0.04440
+ 0.11092    -0.04791
+ 0.13218    -0.05136
+ 0.15452    -0.05471
+ 0.17745    -0.05793
+ 0.20074    -0.06103
+ 0.22418    -0.06412
+ 0.24757    -0.06727
+ 0.27051    -0.07030
+ 0.29269    -0.07296
+ 0.31405    -0.07493
+ 0.33498    -0.07604
+ 0.35569    -0.07628
+ 0.37641    -0.07563
+ 0.39726    -0.07414
+ 0.41830    -0.07187
+ 0.43952    -0.06890
+ 0.46087    -0.06526
+ 0.48234    -0.06097
+ 0.50405    -0.05606
+ 0.52610    -0.05062
+ 0.54854    -0.04476
+ 0.57127    -0.03873
+ 0.59402    -0.03280
+ 0.61669    -0.02710
+ 0.63930    -0.02165
+ 0.66178    -0.01651
+ 0.68420    -0.01172
+ 0.70658    -0.00729
+ 0.72886    -0.00327
+ 0.75112     0.00033
+ 0.77327     0.00347
+ 0.79535     0.00614
+ 0.81725     0.00829
+ 0.83892     0.00986
+ 0.86032     0.01079
+ 0.88141     0.01103
+ 0.90211     0.01055
+ 0.92230     0.00932
+ 0.94172     0.00738
+ 0.95993     0.00485
+ 0.97634     0.00199
+ 0.99041    -0.00096
+ 0.99842    -0.00289
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721la.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721la.dat
index a0b5c4ca2..e69ecac4b 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721la.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/sp4721la.dat
@@ -1,121 +1,121 @@
 SP4721LA
- 1.00002     0.00000 
- 0.99039     0.00326 
- 0.97450     0.00987 
- 0.95657     0.01783 
- 0.93750     0.02615 
- 0.91800     0.03405 
- 0.89801     0.04131 
- 0.87727     0.04816 
- 0.85577     0.05475 
- 0.83374     0.06116 
- 0.81141     0.06740 
- 0.78890     0.07341 
- 0.76626     0.07919 
- 0.74354     0.08474 
- 0.72077     0.09005 
- 0.69795     0.09512 
- 0.67511     0.09993 
- 0.65225     0.10447 
- 0.62937     0.10875 
- 0.60647     0.11274 
- 0.58353     0.11644 
- 0.56051     0.11988 
- 0.53745     0.12305 
- 0.51440     0.12597 
- 0.49145     0.12858 
- 0.46864     0.13087 
- 0.44600     0.13276 
- 0.42347     0.13425 
- 0.40114     0.13532 
- 0.37909     0.13592 
- 0.35743     0.13596 
- 0.33601     0.13536 
- 0.31477     0.13409 
- 0.29354     0.13213 
- 0.27228     0.12951 
- 0.25093     0.12625 
- 0.22952     0.12241 
- 0.20813     0.11803 
- 0.18690     0.11317 
- 0.16610     0.10787 
- 0.14580     0.10207 
- 0.12625     0.09580 
- 0.10759     0.08909 
- 0.09019     0.08200 
- 0.07429     0.07463 
- 0.06015     0.06714 
- 0.04799     0.05976 
- 0.03783     0.05269 
- 0.02952     0.04602 
- 0.02282     0.03986 
- 0.01746     0.03422 
- 0.01320     0.02907 
- 0.00979     0.02437 
- 0.00713     0.02005 
- 0.00494     0.01613 
- 0.00336     0.01245 
- 0.00196     0.00912 
- 0.00090     0.00602 
- 0.00047     0.00302 
- 0.00017     0.00022 
- 0.00002    -0.00241 
- 0.00028    -0.00500 
- 0.00063    -0.00764 
- 0.00211    -0.00983 
- 0.00377    -0.01214 
- 0.00565    -0.01460 
- 0.00804    -0.01700 
- 0.01089    -0.01944 
- 0.01429    -0.02190 
- 0.01832    -0.02441 
- 0.02312    -0.02698 
- 0.02889    -0.02959 
- 0.03591    -0.03228 
- 0.04455    -0.03507 
- 0.05531    -0.03806 
- 0.06864    -0.04130 
- 0.08479    -0.04472 
- 0.10358    -0.04823 
- 0.12444    -0.05174 
- 0.14662    -0.05516 
- 0.16953    -0.05846 
- 0.19291    -0.06163 
- 0.21653    -0.06474 
- 0.24008    -0.06790 
- 0.26322    -0.07101 
- 0.28559    -0.07382 
- 0.30704    -0.07604 
- 0.32786    -0.07744 
- 0.34837    -0.07799 
- 0.36878    -0.07767 
- 0.38932    -0.07651 
- 0.41005    -0.07457 
- 0.43102    -0.07190 
- 0.45217    -0.06856 
- 0.47349    -0.06457 
- 0.49501    -0.05994 
- 0.51689    -0.05472 
- 0.53926    -0.04900 
- 0.56203    -0.04298 
- 0.58496    -0.03696 
- 0.60780    -0.03113 
- 0.63055    -0.02556 
- 0.65315    -0.02028 
- 0.67566    -0.01535 
- 0.69810    -0.01078 
- 0.72042    -0.00660 
- 0.74269    -0.00285 
- 0.76486     0.00047 
- 0.78693     0.00330 
- 0.80884     0.00565 
- 0.83050     0.00744 
- 0.85190     0.00862 
- 0.87299     0.00914 
- 0.89376     0.00896 
- 0.91418     0.00803 
- 0.93417     0.00635 
- 0.95354     0.00395 
- 0.97192     0.00095 
- 0.98870    -0.00243 
- 0.99870    -0.00482 
+ 1.00002     0.00000
+ 0.99039     0.00326
+ 0.97450     0.00987
+ 0.95657     0.01783
+ 0.93750     0.02615
+ 0.91800     0.03405
+ 0.89801     0.04131
+ 0.87727     0.04816
+ 0.85577     0.05475
+ 0.83374     0.06116
+ 0.81141     0.06740
+ 0.78890     0.07341
+ 0.76626     0.07919
+ 0.74354     0.08474
+ 0.72077     0.09005
+ 0.69795     0.09512
+ 0.67511     0.09993
+ 0.65225     0.10447
+ 0.62937     0.10875
+ 0.60647     0.11274
+ 0.58353     0.11644
+ 0.56051     0.11988
+ 0.53745     0.12305
+ 0.51440     0.12597
+ 0.49145     0.12858
+ 0.46864     0.13087
+ 0.44600     0.13276
+ 0.42347     0.13425
+ 0.40114     0.13532
+ 0.37909     0.13592
+ 0.35743     0.13596
+ 0.33601     0.13536
+ 0.31477     0.13409
+ 0.29354     0.13213
+ 0.27228     0.12951
+ 0.25093     0.12625
+ 0.22952     0.12241
+ 0.20813     0.11803
+ 0.18690     0.11317
+ 0.16610     0.10787
+ 0.14580     0.10207
+ 0.12625     0.09580
+ 0.10759     0.08909
+ 0.09019     0.08200
+ 0.07429     0.07463
+ 0.06015     0.06714
+ 0.04799     0.05976
+ 0.03783     0.05269
+ 0.02952     0.04602
+ 0.02282     0.03986
+ 0.01746     0.03422
+ 0.01320     0.02907
+ 0.00979     0.02437
+ 0.00713     0.02005
+ 0.00494     0.01613
+ 0.00336     0.01245
+ 0.00196     0.00912
+ 0.00090     0.00602
+ 0.00047     0.00302
+ 0.00017     0.00022
+ 0.00002    -0.00241
+ 0.00028    -0.00500
+ 0.00063    -0.00764
+ 0.00211    -0.00983
+ 0.00377    -0.01214
+ 0.00565    -0.01460
+ 0.00804    -0.01700
+ 0.01089    -0.01944
+ 0.01429    -0.02190
+ 0.01832    -0.02441
+ 0.02312    -0.02698
+ 0.02889    -0.02959
+ 0.03591    -0.03228
+ 0.04455    -0.03507
+ 0.05531    -0.03806
+ 0.06864    -0.04130
+ 0.08479    -0.04472
+ 0.10358    -0.04823
+ 0.12444    -0.05174
+ 0.14662    -0.05516
+ 0.16953    -0.05846
+ 0.19291    -0.06163
+ 0.21653    -0.06474
+ 0.24008    -0.06790
+ 0.26322    -0.07101
+ 0.28559    -0.07382
+ 0.30704    -0.07604
+ 0.32786    -0.07744
+ 0.34837    -0.07799
+ 0.36878    -0.07767
+ 0.38932    -0.07651
+ 0.41005    -0.07457
+ 0.43102    -0.07190
+ 0.45217    -0.06856
+ 0.47349    -0.06457
+ 0.49501    -0.05994
+ 0.51689    -0.05472
+ 0.53926    -0.04900
+ 0.56203    -0.04298
+ 0.58496    -0.03696
+ 0.60780    -0.03113
+ 0.63055    -0.02556
+ 0.65315    -0.02028
+ 0.67566    -0.01535
+ 0.69810    -0.01078
+ 0.72042    -0.00660
+ 0.74269    -0.00285
+ 0.76486     0.00047
+ 0.78693     0.00330
+ 0.80884     0.00565
+ 0.83050     0.00744
+ 0.85190     0.00862
+ 0.87299     0.00914
+ 0.89376     0.00896
+ 0.91418     0.00803
+ 0.93417     0.00635
+ 0.95354     0.00395
+ 0.97192     0.00095
+ 0.98870    -0.00243
+ 0.99870    -0.00482
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb13535sm.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb13535sm.dat
index 957bdb20e..176065e50 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb13535sm.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb13535sm.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-  WB-135/35  13.5%  smoothed 
+  WB-135/35  13.5%  smoothed
   1.00000   0.0
   0.95000   0.01200
   0.90000   0.02310
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb140.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb140.dat
index bed0ac79a..10b473c0a 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb140.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/wb140.dat
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-WB-140/35/FB 14% 
+WB-140/35/FB 14%
 1.000  0.00250
 0.950  0.01475
 0.900  0.02775
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ys915.dat b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ys915.dat
index b835a8d0c..eb21ea9f3 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ys915.dat
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_airfoils/ys915.dat
@@ -119,4 +119,4 @@ YS-915
  0.99181 -0.00021
  0.99629 -0.00000
  0.99906 0.00003
- 1.00000 0.00000 
+ 1.00000 0.00000
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/_meshing.py b/pterasoftware/geometry/_meshing.py
index e3061d59f..71ad1eda7 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/_meshing.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/_meshing.py
@@ -366,7 +366,6 @@ def _get_mcl_points(
         components, and (4) the outer Airfoil's MCL points' x components. The values are
         normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 and are unitless.
     """
-
     # Make the MCLs for each Airfoil. First index is point number, second index is
     # the coordinates of that point on the MCL (in each Airfoil's axes, relative to
     # each Airfoil's leading point).
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/airfoil.py b/pterasoftware/geometry/airfoil.py
index 70537980f..64e013d32 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/airfoil.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/airfoil.py
@@ -768,10 +768,11 @@ def _populate_outline(self) -> None:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _validate_outline_preliminary(outline_A_lp: Any) -> np.ndarray:
-        """Validates the basic structure of a user's provided outline_A_lp. Only checks
-        for issues that cannot be fixed by normalization. Orientation dependent checks
-        (like x monotonicity) are deferred to _validate_outline_final() since they must
-        be performed after rotation correction.
+        """Validates the basic structure of a user's provided outline_A_lp.
+
+        Only checks for issues that cannot be fixed by normalization. Orientation
+        dependent checks (like x monotonicity) are deferred to _validate_outline_final()
+        since they must be performed after rotation correction.
 
         :param outline_A_lp: The input to validate (can be any type initially).
         :return: The validated version of outline_A_lp as a (N,2) ndarray of floats.
diff --git a/pterasoftware/geometry/airplane.py b/pterasoftware/geometry/airplane.py
index 7cc61be78..529601f88 100644
--- a/pterasoftware/geometry/airplane.py
+++ b/pterasoftware/geometry/airplane.py
@@ -787,9 +787,10 @@ def validate_first_airplane_constraints(self) -> None:
 
     @staticmethod
     def process_wing_symmetry(wing: wing_mod.Wing) -> list[wing_mod.Wing]:
-        """Processes a Wing to determine what type of symmetry it has. If necessary, it
-        then modifies the Wing. If type 5 symmetry is detected, it also creates a second
-        reflected Wing. Finally, it returns a list of Wings.
+        """Processes a Wing to determine what type of symmetry it has.
+
+        If necessary, it then modifies the Wing. If type 5 symmetry is detected, it also
+        creates a second reflected Wing. Finally, it returns a list of Wings.
 
         :param wing: The Wing to process for symmetry analysis and potential
             modification.
diff --git a/scripts/check_ascii_only.py b/scripts/check_ascii_only.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..414935db3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/check_ascii_only.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Verify that the given files contain only ASCII-safe characters.
+
+This pre-commit hook flags any character that is not tab (U+0009), line
+feed (U+000A), carriage return (U+000D), or printable ASCII (U+0020
+through U+007E). It exists to enforce the project-wide convention that
+committed text files stay within the 95 printable ASCII characters plus
+the usual whitespace.
+
+Each violation is reported with its line, column, the offending
+character, its Unicode code point, its Unicode name (when available),
+and its UTF-8 byte sequence.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import unicodedata
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ALLOWED: frozenset[int] = frozenset({0x09, 0x0A, 0x0D} | set(range(0x20, 0x7F)))
+
+
+def describe(char: str) -> str:
+    """Format a one-line description of a disallowed character."""
+    codepoint = ord(char)
+    try:
+        name = unicodedata.name(char)
+    except ValueError:
+        name = "no Unicode name"
+    utf8 = " ".join(f"{b:02X}" for b in char.encode("utf-8"))
+    return f"U+{codepoint:04X} {char!r} ({name}; UTF-8: {utf8})"
+
+
+def find_violations(path: Path) -> list[tuple[int, int, str]]:
+    """Return (line, col, description) tuples for each disallowed character."""
+    raw = path.read_bytes()
+    try:
+        text = raw.decode("utf-8")
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+        return [(0, 0, f"could not decode as UTF-8 ({exc})")]
+    violations: list[tuple[int, int, str]] = []
+    line = 1
+    col = 0
+    for char in text:
+        if char == "\n":
+            line += 1
+            col = 0
+            continue
+        col += 1
+        if ord(char) not in ALLOWED:
+            violations.append((line, col, describe(char)))
+    return violations
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    exit_code = 0
+    for arg in argv:
+        path = Path(arg)
+        try:
+            violations = find_violations(path)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            print(f"{path}: could not read ({exc})", file=sys.stderr)
+            exit_code = 1
+            continue
+        if violations:
+            exit_code = 1
+            for line, col, description in violations:
+                print(f"{path}:{line}:{col}: {description}")
+    return exit_code
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_aerodynamics_functions.py b/tests/unit/test_aerodynamics_functions.py
index b69bd21d0..d19ef2c21 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_aerodynamics_functions.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_aerodynamics_functions.py
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ def ref_calculate_biot_savart_velocity(S_A_a, E_A_a, P_A_a, gamma):
         This is a reference implementation to validate the aerodynamics functions.
 
         Formula:
-            v_A__I = (gamma/(4*pi)) * (r3_A / |r3_A|^2) * [r0_A · (r1Hat_A - r2Hat_A)]
+            v_A__I = (gamma/(4*pi)) * (r3_A / |r3_A|^2) * [dot(r0_A, r1Hat_A - r2Hat_A)]
 
         Where:
             r1_A = P_A_a - S_A_a
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_core_airplane_movement.py b/tests/unit/test_core_airplane_movement.py
index 66b224b72..879c6b89a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_core_airplane_movement.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_core_airplane_movement.py
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ def test_fallback_when_geometry_validation_fails(self):
         )
 
         # Use parameters that would normally trigger optimization.
-        # Period = 0.1s, delta_time = 0.01s → steps_per_period = 10
+        # Period = 0.1s, delta_time = 0.01s -> steps_per_period = 10
         # num_steps = 30 > steps_per_period, so optimization would apply.
         num_steps = 30
         delta_time = 0.01
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_panel.py b/tests/unit/test_panel.py
index eaa1f541f..372e15d34 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_panel.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_panel.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def test_calculate_projected_area_45_degrees(self):
         normal_G = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 1.0])  # Will be normalized internally
         projected_area = panel.calculate_projected_area(normal_G)
 
-        # Should be area * cos(45°) = area / sqrt(2)
+        # Should be area * cos(45 deg) = area / sqrt(2)
         expected_projected_area = panel.area / np.sqrt(2)
         self.assertAlmostEqual(projected_area, expected_projected_area, places=10)
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_transformations.py b/tests/unit/test_transformations.py
index c598bf5c0..e96593661 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_transformations.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_transformations.py
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ def test_composition_properties(self):
         npt.assert_allclose(v_rotated_sequential, v_rotated_composed, atol=1e-14)
 
     def test_large_angle_handling(self):
-        """Tests handling of large angles beyond ±180 degrees.
+        """Tests handling of large angles beyond +/-180 degrees.
 
         :return: None
         """
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ def test_specific_known_rotations(self):
         npt.assert_allclose(R_act_180, R_act_180_expected, atol=1e-14)
 
     def test_large_angle_handling(self):
-        """Tests handling of large angles beyond ±180 degrees.
+        """Tests handling of large angles beyond +/-180 degrees.
 
         :return: None
         """
diff --git a/validation/measured_wing_positions.csv b/validation/measured_wing_positions.csv
index 10637f26c..1b0bccbb2 100644
--- a/validation/measured_wing_positions.csv
+++ b/validation/measured_wing_positions.csv
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-0,2.936599985
+0,2.936599985
 0.01,3.98109091
 0.02,5.781667248
 0.03,7.185637876
diff --git a/validation/validation_study.py b/validation/validation_study.py
index e819b46c9..18f45db04 100644
--- a/validation/validation_study.py
+++ b/validation/validation_study.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # TODO: Redo the convergence analysis for this simulation and update the relevant
 #  parameters if necessary.
-"""This script runs a validation case of Ptera Software’s UVLM.
+"""This script runs a validation case of Ptera Software's UVLM.
 
 I first emulate the geometry and kinematics of a flapping robotic test stand from
 "Experimental and Analytical Pressure Characterization of a Rigid Flapping Wing for
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 More information can be found in my accompanying report: "Validating an Open-Source
 UVLM Solver for Analyzing Flapping Wing Flight: An Experimental Approach." """
 
-# Import Python’s math package.
+# Import Python's math package.
 import math
 
-# Import NumPy and MatPlotLib’s PyPlot package.
+# Import NumPy and MatPlotLib's PyPlot package.
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 # some small midline offset. This value is in meters.
 wing_midline_offset = 0.005
 
-# Import the extracted points from the paper’s diagram of the planform. The resulting
+# Import the extracted points from the paper's diagram of the planform. The resulting
 # array is of the form [spanwise coordinate, chordwise coordinate], and is ordered
 # from the leading edge root, to the tip, to the trailing edge root. The origin is
 # the trailing edge root point. The positive spanwise axis extends from root to tip
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 # Calculate the spanwise distance between the WingCrossSections.
 spanwise_step = (half_span - tip_inset) / num_spanwise_sections
 
-# Define four ndarrays to hold the leading and trailing points of each section’s left
+# Define four ndarrays to hold the leading and trailing points of each section's left
 # and right WingCrossSections (in wing axes projected onto its xy-plane, relative to
 # the leading edge root point).
 stackLeftLpsXY_Wn_Ler = np.zeros((num_spanwise_sections, 2), dtype=float)
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def time_normalized_validation_geometry_sweep_function_rad(time):
 validation_num_steps = validation_movement.num_steps
 validation_delta_time = validation_movement.delta_time
 
-# Create a variable to hold the time in seconds at each of the simulation’s time steps.
+# Create a variable to hold the time in seconds at each of the simulation's time steps.
 times = np.linspace(
     0,
     validation_num_steps * validation_delta_time,
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ def time_normalized_validation_geometry_sweep_function_rad(time):
 # z-component multiplied by negative one.
 exp_lifts = -1 * stackExpNetForcesZ_W
 
-# Get this solver’s SteadyProblems' Airplanes.
+# Get this solver's SteadyProblems' Airplanes.
 airplanes = []
 for steady_problem in validation_solver.steady_problems:
     airplanes.append(steady_problem.airplanes[0])