diff --git a/app.js b/app.js
index eba22ae..5f2bc97 100644
--- a/app.js
+++ b/app.js
@@ -1,28 +1,59 @@
 /* The four rules for 'this';
 * in your own words. explain the four rules for the "this" keyword below.
-* 1. 
-* 2. 
-* 3. 
-* 4. 
-* write out a code example of each explanation above
+* 1. Anytime you have a function that happens to be contained in the global scope, the value of "this" when used inside of that function will be set to the window object.
+* 2. If a function is called by a preceding dot, any object that comes before that dot will be "this"
+* 3. When a constructor function is used, "this" in this case, refers to the specific instance of that object that is not only created by also returned by that constructor function.
+* 4. In any circumstance when JavaScript's call or apply method are implemented, "this" is then explicitly defined.
 */
 
 // First Rule
+const welcomeGreeting = (name) => {
+  console.log(`Welcome to the party, ${name}`);
+  console.log(this);
+};
+
+welcomeGreeting('Person');
 
 // Second Rule
+const anotherGreeting = {
+  newGreet: 'Hi, Nice to meet you, ',
+  greetPerson: function(name) {
+    console.log(`${this.newGreet} ${name}`);
+  }
+};
+
+anotherGreeting.greetPerson('Person');
 
 // Third Rule
+function newCharacter (options) {
+  this.typeClass = options.typeClass;
+  this.weaponSelection = options.weaponSelection;
+  this.playerMessage = function() {
+    console.log(`Your player class is ${this.typeClass}` + ` and your weapon of choice is  ${this.weaponSelection}` );
+  }
+};
+
+const playerOne = new newCharacter({typeClass: 'Mage', weaponSelection: 'Staff'});
+console.log(playerOne);
 
 // Fourth Rule * you may want to use your third rule's example to accomplish this
 
-// explain closure 
+anotherGreeting.greetPerson.call(anotherGreeting, 'Person');
+
+// explain closure
+
+// Closure is a function that is returned by another function and maintains bindings between the variable assignments local to the outer function the closure
+// was create in.
 
 function foo () {
   console.log(this); // what does this point to?
 };
 
+// this will point to the global object
+
 const counterFunction = () => {
   // this code is broken. figure out why, and tell us where the closure is when you fix it
+  let count = 0;
   const changeCount = (value) => {
     count += value;
   };
@@ -54,14 +85,30 @@ console.log(counter.total());
   // add a speak() method to your object that when called will log out the car's make model and year.
 
 // when you're done un comment the next few lines and run the file here in node `node app.js`.
+// const Car = function(options){
+//   this.make = options.make;
+//   this.model = options.model;
+//   this.year = options.year;
+//   this.speak = () => console.log(`${this.model} ${this.year}`);
+// }
+class Car{
+  constructor(options) {
+    this.make = options.make;
+    this.model = options.model;
+    this.year = options.year;
+    this.speak = () => console.log(`${this.model} ${this.year}`);
+  };
+};
+
+
 
-// const herby = new Car({make: 'Volkswagen', model: 'Beetle', year: '1963'});
-// console.log(herby.speak());
-// const goldfinger = new Car({make: 'Aston Martin', model: 'DB5', year: '1964'});
-// console.log(goldfinger.speak());
+const herby = new Car({make: 'Volkswagen', model: 'Beetle', year: '1963'});
+console.log(herby.speak());
+const goldfinger = new Car({make: 'Aston Martin', model: 'DB5', year: '1964'});
+console.log(goldfinger.speak());
 
 
-// once you get done with this, redo it all using the class keyword and a constructor function. 
+// once you get done with this, redo it all using the class keyword and a constructor function.
 
 // extra credit
 
@@ -76,6 +123,10 @@ while(n >= 1) {
 // write a function called countDown that does the exact same thing as above, but calls itself until it can't anymore.
   // hint-> your base case will look like the logic in the while loop.
 
+const countDown = (n) => {
+  if(n === 0) return;
+  console.log(n);
+  return countDown(n-1);
+};
 
-
-
+countDown(10);
\ No newline at end of file