diff --git a/app.js b/app.js
index eba22ae..d20ac2d 100644
--- a/app.js
+++ b/app.js
@@ -1,28 +1,60 @@
 /* The four rules for 'this';
 * in your own words. explain the four rules for the "this" keyword below.
-* 1. 
-* 2. 
-* 3. 
-* 4. 
+* 1. When a function is contained in the global scope, the value of this will be the global object.
+* 2. Whenever a function is called with a dot, this is the object before the dot.
+* 3. Whenever a constructor function is used, this refers to the instance of object that was created.
+* 4. Whenever call, apply, or bind is used, this is explicitly defined by the params.
 * write out a code example of each explanation above
 */
 
+/* These examples work well with Quokka */
+
 // First Rule
 
+this.myNewProperty = 'Hello there, this is a property of the global object';
+function enlighten() {
+  return this.myNewProperty;
+}
+console.log(enlighten());
+
 // Second Rule
 
+const someObj = {
+  name: 'func\'s this is someObj, which has a name property',
+  func: function () {
+    return this.name; // I used this right here
+  }
+};
+console.log(someObj.func());
+
 // Third Rule
 
+function Person(name) {
+  this.name = name;
+}
+const p1 = new Person("I am assigned to this instances name property");
+console.log(p1.name);
+
 // Fourth Rule * you may want to use your third rule's example to accomplish this
 
-// explain closure 
+function givemeathis() {
+  return this.msg;
+}
+
+Msg = {msg: 'I gave myself to givemeathis and he used me!'};
+console.log(givemeathis.call(Msg));
+
+// explain closure
+
+/* If you return an enclosed function that function can reference its enclosing scope */
 
 function foo () {
   console.log(this); // what does this point to?
-};
+};                   // Answer: this points to the global object
 
 const counterFunction = () => {
   // this code is broken. figure out why, and tell us where the closure is when you fix it
+  let count = 0; // You never declared a count variable in closure, the closure is inside of counterFunction
   const changeCount = (value) => {
     count += value;
   };
@@ -52,16 +84,36 @@ console.log(counter.total());
   // your options object should have "make", "model", "year" properties on it
   // assign these properties you pass in with options to the constructors 'this' object.
   // add a speak() method to your object that when called will log out the car's make model and year.
+  function Car(opts) {
+    this.make = opts.make;
+    this.model = opts.model;
+    this.year = opts.year;
+
+    this.speak = () => {
+      return `${this.make} ${this.model} ${this.year}`;
+    };
+  }
 
 // when you're done un comment the next few lines and run the file here in node `node app.js`.
 
-// const herby = new Car({make: 'Volkswagen', model: 'Beetle', year: '1963'});
-// console.log(herby.speak());
-// const goldfinger = new Car({make: 'Aston Martin', model: 'DB5', year: '1964'});
-// console.log(goldfinger.speak());
+const herby = new Car({make: 'Volkswagen', model: 'Beetle', year: '1963'});
+console.log(herby.speak());
+const goldfinger = new Car({make: 'Aston Martin', model: 'DB5', year: '1964'});
+console.log(goldfinger.speak());
 
 
 // once you get done with this, redo it all using the class keyword and a constructor function. 
+class ClassCar { // can't use name Car, already defined.
+  constructor(opts) {
+    this.model = opts.model;
+    this.make = opts.make;
+    this.year = opts.year;
+  }
+
+  speak() {
+    return `${this.model} ${this.make} ${this.year}`;
+  }
+}
 
 // extra credit
 
@@ -76,6 +128,15 @@ while(n >= 1) {
 // write a function called countDown that does the exact same thing as above, but calls itself until it can't anymore.
   // hint-> your base case will look like the logic in the while loop.
 
+function countDown(n) {
+  if (n === 1) {
+    console.log(n);
+  } else {
+    console.log(n);
+    countDown(n-1);
+  }
+}
 
+countDown(5);