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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Understanding Permutations</title>
    <style>
        body {
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            line-height: 1.6;
            margin: 20px;
            background-color: #f4f4f4;
            color: #333;
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        header {
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</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <h1>Understanding Permutations: The Art of Arranging</h1>
    </header>

    <main>
        <h2>What Are Permutations?</h2>
        <p>Permutations are a fundamental concept in mathematics, particularly in the field of combinatorics. They involve the arrangement of items in a specific order.</p>

        <h2>Mathematical Formulation</h2>
        <p>The number of permutations of <em>n</em> distinct objects is given by the factorial of <em>n</em>, denoted as <em>n!</em>.</p>
        <div class="formula">n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2) × ... × 1</div>

        <h2>Example Calculation</h2>
        <div class="example">
            If you have 4 letters (A, B, C, D) and want to find out how many ways you can arrange 2 of them:
            <div class="formula">P(4, 2) = 4! / (4 - 2)! = 12</div>
        </div>

        <h2>Applications of Permutations</h2>
        <p>Permutations have a wide array of applications across various fields, including mathematics, computer science, cryptography, and game theory.</p>
    </main>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 Fun Maths. All rights reserved.</p>
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</body>
</html>