ArrayOperations.java

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArrayOperations {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        // Ask the user for dimensions of the 2D array
        int rows = getDimension("Enter the number of rows (5-10): ", scanner, 5, 10);
        int columns = getDimension("Enter the number of columns (5-10): ", scanner, 5, 10);

        // Generate and populate the 2D array with random integers
        int[][] array = generateArray(rows, columns);

        // Display the array in table format
        System.out.println("2D Array:");
        printArray(array);

        // Calculate and display the sum and average of the entire array
        int sum = calculateSum(array);
        double average = calculateAverage(array);
        System.out.println("Sum of the entire array: " + sum);
        System.out.println("Average of the entire array: " + average);

        // Calculate and display the number of concentric rings
        int concentricRings = calculateConcentricRings(rows, columns);
        System.out.println("Number of concentric rings: " + concentricRings);

        // Print out the contents of the outside ring
        int[] outsideRing = getOutsideRing(array);
        System.out.println("Contents of the outside ring:");
        for (int element : outsideRing) {
            System.out.print(element + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        // Calculate and display the sum and average of the outside ring
        int outsideRingSum = calculateSum(outsideRing);
        double outsideRingAverage = calculateAverage(outsideRing);
        System.out.println("Sum of the outside ring: " + outsideRingSum);
        System.out.println("Average of the outside ring: " + outsideRingAverage);
    }

    public static int getDimension(String prompt, Scanner scanner, int min, int max) {
        int dimension;
        do {
            System.out.print(prompt);
            dimension = scanner.nextInt();
        } while (dimension < min || dimension > max);
        return dimension;
    }

    public static int[][] generateArray(int rows, int columns) {
        int[][] array = new int[rows][columns];
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
                array[i][j] = random.nextInt(900) + 100; // Random integers from 1 to 1000 inclusive
            }
        }
        return array;
    }

    public static void printArray(int[][] array) {
        for (int[] row : array) {
            for (int element : row) {
                System.out.printf("%4d", element); // Adjust spacing for alignment
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    public static int calculateSum(int[][] array) {
        int sum = 0;
        for (int[] row : array) {
            for (int element : row) {
                sum += element;
            }
        }
        return sum;
    }

    public static double calculateAverage(int[][] array) {
        int totalElements = array.length * array[0].length;
        int sum = calculateSum(array);
        return (double) sum / totalElements;
    }

    public static int calculateConcentricRings(int rows, int columns) {
        return Math.min(rows, columns) / 2;
    }

    public static int[] getOutsideRing(int[][] array) {
        int rows = array.length;
        int columns = array[0].length;
        int[] outsideRing = new int[2 * rows + 2 * (columns - 2)];

        int index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
            outsideRing[index++] = array[0][i];
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < rows; i++) {
            outsideRing[index++] = array[i][columns - 1];
        }
        for (int i = columns - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
            outsideRing[index++] = array[rows - 1][i];
        }
        for (int i = rows - 2; i >= 1; i--) {
            outsideRing[index++] = array[i][0];
        }

        return outsideRing;
    }

    public static int calculateSum(int[] array) {
        int sum = 0;
        for (int element : array) {
            sum += element;
        }
        return sum;
    }

    public static double calculateAverage(int[] array) {
        int sum = calculateSum(array);
        return (double) sum / array.length;
    }
}