firstpythonfile.py

print("Hi Python")
print('Hi Python')
#always start the print and end it with the same " or ' . Dont mix them up keep them the same. 

print("----------------------")
print("     Learn Python     ")
print("----------------------")


print("Hi \"Python\"")  #the backslash before the double quotes tells python that the double quotes are in the content of the message
print('Hi \'Python\'')  #the backslash before the double quotes tells python that the double quotes are in the content of the message
print('Hi "Python"')  # as the message starts with single quotes, when using double quotes, the double quotes are seen as content

#print("Path: C:\users\Aron")  #for eg here python always sees backslash as a special character
print("Path: C:\\users\\Aron") #Now the double backslash tells python that the backslash after the first one is in the content of the message 


#How to create a gap between messages part 1
print("Message1")
print() #to create a space between messages, 
print("Message2")

#How to create a gap between messages part 2
print("Message1\n") # the \n tells python to create a new line and moves the text that comes after it, onto the next line
print("Message2")      

#How to create multiple gaps between messages 
print("Message1\n\n\n")  #this creates a 3 line gap
print("Message2")

print("Message1\tMessage2") #creates a tab between the two messages 

print("Your learning path:\n\t-Python Basics\n\t-Data Engineering\n\t-AI")
#this is a long line of code, we can split it up to make the lines shorter, but spanning over multiple lines
print("""Your learning path:
\t-Python Basics                    
\t-Data Engineering
\t-AI""")
#you do this by using triple quotes, as we are using new lines in the code, we can get rid of all \n - multiple lines in output using one single print 

x = 1
print(x)
x = 2
print(x)
y = x + 3
print(y)  #x and y are both variables. x = 2 replaced x = 1 so y = 2 + 3


print("My name is Aron")   
print("Aron is learning Python")
print("Aron wants to become a Python expert")

name = "Aron"            #name is the variable and Aron is the value 
print("My name is", name)       #put the variable name with a , after to merge inputs 
print(name, "is learning Python")        #now the value of the variable name can be changed and all the values will also make the same change
print(name, "wants to become a Python expert")    #whereas before the name variable was in double quotes so if the value changed, the output wouldn't

name = "Maria"  #if the code is ran, the name would stay as Aron, and it would not change to Maria. This is because Aron is on a higher line(above it) and so is read first. Maria is not read until the output has already been given 
language = "Python"  #if you use same value over and over, store it in a variable to make the code easier to change
print("My name is", name)
print(name, "is learning", language)
print(name, "wants to become a", language, "expert")

#CHALLENGE - print the following three lines, add a variable to make it dynamic
#info@datawithbaraa.com
#support@datawithbaraa.com
#www.datawithbaraa.com

website = "datawithbaraa.com"
print("info@", website, "\nsupport@", website, "\nwww.", website)



input("Enter your name:")   #can't do anything with this, so we store it in a variable instead
name = input("Enter your name:")  #the value the user enters is the value of the variable name
print("You are", name)

name = input("Enter your name:")  #variable name is a dynamic value as the value entered by user varies 
country = "Germany"  #variable country is a hard coded value as it doesn't change
print(name, "comes from", country)


#Putting everything together
x = "A"  #hard coded value as it is given and cannot be changed
print(x)
#Ask for a value 
y = input("Enter value:")  #dynamic value as the answer can vary 
print(y)


#Data types
#Adding numbers
#   2 + 3 -> 5    #integer + integer
#  "2" + "3" -> 23     #string + string (no mathetmatical operation)

a = 10 #int - whole number without decimals
b = 3.15 #float - number with decimal points 
c = "Hello" #str 
d = '1234'  #str
f = True  #bool    boolean - can either be true or false
g = False #bool    boolean - can either be true or false
h = None  #NoneType - no value, nothing or unknown - used to show absence of data 
i = ""  #str - blank      value with no characters inside, its NOT the same as None, we call this a blank
j = " " #str - empty space                 " " is a string value with one or more spaces 



text = "hi"
number = 10 

type(text)  #type() is a built-in function and it returns the data type of a value so you know what kind of object it is
type(number)  #type doesn't print anything in the output 
#to see what kind of object the value is you do as in the format below (a function inside another function)
print(type(text))     #the output will be <class 'str'>
print(type(number))   #the output will be <class 'int'>

#len() is a built-in function that gives the total count of items inside a value, helping measure length
print(len(text))     #output will be 2
#print(len(number))   #output is Typeerror since object type 'int' has no length len()
#not all functions will work for all data types 

print(text.upper())  #makes all of the values uppercase 
#print(number.upper()) - 'int' object has no attribute 'upper'
print(number.bit_length())  #output: 4   this means that 4 bits are needed to store the value 10
#bit_length() method of <class int> returns the length of a number in binary 
#print(text.bit_length())  output: atrribute error as 'str' object has no attribute 'bit_length'


#                               CHALLENGE
#create 5 variables - each with a different data type 
#1 - your age, 2 - Your height with decimals, 3 - Your name, 4 - are you a student, 5 - something with no value yet 
#then print the values, data types and lengths of all variables 

age = 19 
height = 177.5
name = 'Aron'
student = True 
unknown = None

print(age)
print(type(age))
print(age.bit_length())

print(height)
print(type(height))
#you cannot directly find a length for height (a float) as it does not have a length in python
#you could convert it to a string by using print(len(str(height))) output: length is 5

print(name)
print(type(name))
print(len(name))

print(student)
print(type(student))
print(student.bit_length())

print(unknown)
print(type(unknown))
#you cannot directly find a length for unknown (a None) because it doesn't have a length in python
#you could convert it to a string by using print(len(str(unknown))) output: length is 4