Add a working, more complete example of using a catalog (docs) (#1427) #48

Job	Run time
build / lint-toml	6s
build / generate-license	54s
build / lint-rust	18s
build / lint-python	8s
build / check-crates-patch	0s
build / macOS arm64 & Windows (3.10, windows-latest)	27m 14s
build / build-macos-x86_64 (3.10)	46m 42s
build / Source distribution	26m 36s
build / ManyLinux arm64	18m 11s
build / ManyLinux x86_64	17m 12s
build / macOS arm64 & Windows (3.10, macos-latest)	35m 55s
build / Build docs	40s
build / Merge build artifacts	13s
test / test-matrix (3.10, stable)	47s
test / test-matrix (3.11, stable)	46s
test / test-matrix (3.12, stable)	54s
test / test-matrix (3.14, stable)	45s
test / test-matrix (3.13, stable)	45s
	2h 58m 6s

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