Update Cookbooks for 24.0.0

[amoeba]

• Bump versions: MINOR: [Release][C++][Python] Update versions for 24.0.0 #402
• Re-tag stable

cc @raulcd I said I'd do this the other day but had to get some deferred housekeeping in this repo out of the way with the dev cookbooks so I'm only just getting to this now.

[amoeba]

Done:

* e397ec0 (upstream/gh-pages, upstream/asf-site) publish built book
* cfa2aa6 (HEAD -> main, tag: apache-arrow-24.0.0, upstream/stable, upstream/main, upstream/HEAD) MINOR: [Release][C++][Python] Update versions for 24.0.0 (#402)

[raulcd]

Thanks for working on this @amoeba !