diff --git a/config/install/workbench_access.settings.yml b/config/install/workbench_access.settings.yml
index a1b2f718..4d43d4ab 100644
--- a/config/install/workbench_access.settings.yml
+++ b/config/install/workbench_access.settings.yml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 deny_on_empty: false
+deny_strict: false
diff --git a/config/schema/workbench_access.schema.yml b/config/schema/workbench_access.schema.yml
index bb79dd65..f2372968 100644
--- a/config/schema/workbench_access.schema.yml
+++ b/config/schema/workbench_access.schema.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ workbench_access.settings:
     deny_on_empty:
       type: boolean
       label: 'Deny access to unassigned content'
+    deny_strict:
+      type: boolean
+      label: 'When multiple schemes apply, deny access if any scheme does not provide access'
 
 
 entity_reference_selection.workbench_access:
diff --git a/src/Form/WorkbenchAccessConfigForm.php b/src/Form/WorkbenchAccessConfigForm.php
index d4117cca..b9759e59 100644
--- a/src/Form/WorkbenchAccessConfigForm.php
+++ b/src/Form/WorkbenchAccessConfigForm.php
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
       '#default_value' => $config->get('deny_on_empty'),
       '#description' => $this->t('For content under access control, deny access for any content not assigned to a section. This setting is off by default so that installing the module does not break existing site behavior.'),
     ];
+    $form['deny_strict'] = [
+      '#type' => 'checkbox',
+      '#title' => $this->t('Deny access if any scheme does not provide access'),
+      '#default_value' => $config->get('deny_strict'),
+      '#description' => $this->t('When multiple schemes apply, deny access if any scheme does not provide access. Without this checked, access is only denied if all schemes do not provide access.'),
+    ];
 
     return parent::buildForm($form, $form_state);
   }
@@ -45,6 +51,7 @@ public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
   public function submitForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
     $config = $this->config('workbench_access.settings');
     $config->set('deny_on_empty', $form_state->getValue('deny_on_empty'))->save();
+    $config->set('deny_strict', $form_state->getValue('deny_strict'))->save();
     parent::submitForm($form, $form_state);
   }
 
diff --git a/tests/src/Functional/MultipleSchemeAccessTest.php b/tests/src/Functional/MultipleSchemeAccessTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e70be02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/Functional/MultipleSchemeAccessTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Tests\workbench_access\Functional;
+
+use Drupal\menu_link_content\Entity\MenuLinkContent;
+use Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Term;
+use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;
+use Drupal\workbench_access\WorkbenchAccessManagerInterface;
+use Drupal\Tests\workbench_access\Traits\WorkbenchAccessTestTrait;
+
+/**
+ * Tests cases where two schemes apply to a node.
+ *
+ * @group workbench_access
+ */
+class MultipleSchemeAccessTest extends BrowserTestBase {
+
+  use WorkbenchAccessTestTrait;
+
+  /**
+   * The default theme.
+   *
+   * @var string
+   */
+  protected $defaultTheme = 'stable';
+
+  /**
+   * Simple array.
+   */
+  protected $terms = [];
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public static $modules = [
+    'workbench_access',
+    'node',
+    'taxonomy',
+    'menu_ui',
+    'link',
+    'menu_link_content',
+    'options',
+    'user',
+    'system',
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the user can edit the node based on settings.
+   */
+  public function testNodeForm() {
+    // Set up a content type and menu scheme.
+    $node_type_values = [
+      'type' => 'page',
+      'third_party_settings' => [
+        'menu_ui' => [
+          'available_menus' => [
+            'main',
+            'account'
+          ]
+        ]
+      ]
+    ];
+
+    $node_type = $this->createContentType($node_type_values);
+    $menu_scheme = $this->setUpMenuScheme(['page'], ['main', 'account'], 'menu_scheme');
+
+    $vocab = $this->setUpVocabulary();
+    $field = $this->setUpTaxonomyFieldForEntityType('node', $node_type->id(), $vocab->id());
+    $this->assertEqual($field->getDefaultValueLiteral(), []);
+    $taxonomy_scheme = $this->setUpTaxonomyScheme($node_type, $vocab);
+    $user_storage = \Drupal::service('workbench_access.user_section_storage');
+
+    // Set up an editor and log in as them.
+    $editor = $this->setUpEditorUser();
+    $this->drupalLogin($editor);
+
+    // Set up some roles and terms for this test.
+    // Create terms and roles.
+    $staff_term = Term::create([
+      'vid' => $vocab->id(),
+      'name' => 'Staff',
+    ]);
+    $staff_term->save();
+    $super_staff_term = Term::create([
+      'vid' => $vocab->id(),
+      'name' => 'Super staff',
+    ]);
+    $super_staff_term->save();
+    $base_term = Term::create([
+      'vid' => $vocab->id(),
+      'name' => 'Editor',
+    ]);
+    $base_term->save();
+
+    // Set up some roles and menu links for this test.
+    $staff_link = MenuLinkContent::create([
+      'title' => 'Link 1',
+      'link' => [['uri' => 'route:<front>']],
+      'menu_name' => 'main',
+    ]);
+    $staff_link->save();
+    $super_staff_link = MenuLinkContent::create([
+      'title' => 'Link 2',
+      'link' => [['uri' => 'route:<front>']],
+      'menu_name' => 'main',
+    ]);
+    $super_staff_link->save();
+    $base_link = MenuLinkContent::create([
+      'title' => 'Link 3',
+      'link' => [['uri' => 'route:<front>']],
+      'menu_name' => 'main',
+    ]);
+    $base_link->save();
+
+    // Add the user to the base section.
+    $user_storage->addUser($taxonomy_scheme, $editor, [$staff_term->id()]);
+    $expected = [$editor->id()];
+    $existing_users = $user_storage->getEditors($taxonomy_scheme, $staff_term->id());
+    $this->assertEquals($expected, array_keys($existing_users));
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/add/page');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    // Strict checking does not affect creation.
+    $config = $this->config('workbench_access.settings');
+    $config->set('deny_strict', TRUE)->save();
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/add/page');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    // Create a node and try to edit it.
+    $node_values = [
+      'type' => 'page',
+      'title' => 'foo',
+      WorkbenchAccessManagerInterface::FIELD_NAME => $staff_term->id(),
+    ];
+    $node = $this->createNode($node_values);
+    _menu_ui_node_save($node, [
+      'title' => 'baz',
+      'menu_name' => 'main',
+      'description' => 'view baz',
+      'parent' => $staff_link->getPluginId(),
+    ]);
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(403);
+
+    $config = $this->config('workbench_access.settings');
+    $config->set('deny_strict', FALSE)->save();
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    // Create a node and try to edit it.
+    $node_values = [
+      'type' => 'page',
+      'title' => 'foo',
+      WorkbenchAccessManagerInterface::FIELD_NAME => $staff_term->id(),
+    ];
+    $node2 = $this->createNode($node_values);
+    _menu_ui_node_save($node2, [
+      'title' => 'bar',
+      'menu_name' => 'main',
+      'description' => 'view bar',
+      'parent' => $base_link->getPluginId(),
+    ]);
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node2->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    $config = $this->config('workbench_access.settings');
+    $config->set('deny_strict', TRUE)->save();
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node2->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(403);
+
+    // Add the user to the base menu section.
+    $user_storage->addUser($menu_scheme, $editor, [$base_link->getPluginId()]);
+    $expected = [$editor->id()];
+    $existing_users = $user_storage->getEditors($menu_scheme, $base_link->getPluginId());
+    $this->assertEquals($expected, array_keys($existing_users));
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node2->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    // In cases where one scheme is empty, access should be allowed unless
+    // deny on empty is enforced.
+    // Create a node and try to edit it.
+    $node_values = [
+      'type' => 'page',
+      'title' => 'foo',
+      WorkbenchAccessManagerInterface::FIELD_NAME => $staff_term->id(),
+    ];
+    $node3 = $this->createNode($node_values);
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node3->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(200);
+
+    $config = $this->config('workbench_access.settings');
+    $config->set('deny_on_empty', TRUE)->save();
+
+    $this->drupalGet('node/' . $node3->id() . '/edit');
+    $this->assertResponse(403);
+
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/Functional/UpdatePathTest.php b/tests/src/Functional/UpdatePathTest.php
index 6387e6d5..75fa4ac0 100644
--- a/tests/src/Functional/UpdatePathTest.php
+++ b/tests/src/Functional/UpdatePathTest.php
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ protected function setDatabaseDumpFiles() {
   public function testUpdatePath() {
     $expected_new_config = [
       'deny_on_empty' => \Drupal::config('workbench_access.settings')->get('deny_on_empty'),
+      'deny_strict' => TRUE,
       '_core' => \Drupal::config('workbench_access.settings')->get('_core'),
     ];
     $block = Block::load('workbench_access_block');
diff --git a/workbench_access.install b/workbench_access.install
index bac81f63..c920f134 100644
--- a/workbench_access.install
+++ b/workbench_access.install
@@ -54,3 +54,17 @@ function workbench_access_update_8004() {
   $type = $entity_manager->getDefinition('section_association');
   $update_manager->installEntityType($type);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Update general configuration with new multi-scheme variable.
+ */
+function workbench_access_update_8005() {
+  /* @var Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactoryInterface $config_factory */
+  $config_factory = \Drupal::service('config.factory');
+
+  $config = $config_factory->getEditable('workbench_access.settings');
+  // This is not the new default value, but we don't want to change behavior
+  // for existing sites.
+  $config->set('deny_strict', TRUE);
+  $config->save();
+}
diff --git a/workbench_access.module b/workbench_access.module
index c0762ee5..1b851d6d 100644
--- a/workbench_access.module
+++ b/workbench_access.module
@@ -53,17 +53,47 @@ function workbench_access_form_alter(&$form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
  * Implements hook_entity_access().
  */
 function workbench_access_entity_access(EntityInterface $entity, $op, AccountInterface $account) {
-  // Return net result of all enabled access schemes. If one scheme allows
-  // access, then it is granted.
   // We don't care about the View operation right now.
   if ($op === 'view' || $op === 'view label' || $account->hasPermission('bypass workbench access')) {
     // Return early.
     return AccessResult::neutral();
   }
-  return array_reduce(\Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('access_scheme')->loadMultiple(), function (AccessResult $carry, AccessSchemeInterface $scheme) use ($entity, $op, $account) {
-    $carry->addCacheableDependency($scheme)->cachePerPermissions()->addCacheableDependency($entity);
-    return $carry->orIf($scheme->getAccessScheme()->checkEntityAccess($scheme, $entity, $op, $account));
-  }, AccessResult::neutral());
+
+  // Return net result of all enabled access schemes.
+  $aggregate_access_result = AccessResult::neutral();
+
+  $schemes = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('access_scheme')->loadMultiple();
+
+  if (count($schemes) > 0) {
+    /* @var Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactoryInterface $config_factory */
+    $config_factory = \Drupal::service('config.factory');
+    $config = $config_factory->get('workbench_access.settings');
+
+    if ($config->get('deny_strict') === TRUE) {
+      foreach ($schemes as $scheme) {
+        if ($scheme->getAccessScheme()->checkEntityAccess($scheme, $entity, $op, $account)->isForbidden()) {
+          $aggregate_access_result = AccessResult::forbidden();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      $aggregate_access_result = AccessResult::forbidden();
+      foreach ($schemes as $scheme) {
+        if ($scheme->getAccessScheme()->checkEntityAccess($scheme, $entity, $op, $account)->isNeutral()) {
+          $aggregate_access_result = AccessResult::neutral();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  $aggregate_access_result->addCacheableDependency($entity);
+  $aggregate_access_result->addCacheableDependency($account);
+  $aggregate_access_result->cachePerPermissions();
+  foreach ($schemes as $scheme) {
+    $aggregate_access_result->addCacheableDependency($scheme);
+  }
+
+  return $aggregate_access_result;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -109,18 +139,23 @@ function workbench_access_entity_create_access(AccountInterface $account, $conte
   }
 
   // Check that the user is able to assign content to a section.
+  // Note that 'strict' access checking for multiple schemes does not apply
+  // when creating content.
   $user_section_storage = \Drupal::service('workbench_access.user_section_storage');
   $forbidden = AccessResult::forbidden();
-  $invalid_schemes = array_reduce($schemes, function ($carry, AccessSchemeInterface $scheme) use ($user_section_storage, $account, $forbidden) {
+  $valid_schemes = array_reduce($schemes, function ($carry, AccessSchemeInterface $scheme) use ($user_section_storage, $account, $forbidden, $return) {
     $sections = $user_section_storage->getUserSections($scheme, $account);
-    if (!$sections) {
+    if ($sections) {
       $carry[] = $scheme->label();
+      $return->addCacheableDependency($scheme);
+    }
+    else {
+      $forbidden->addCacheableDependency($scheme);
     }
-    $forbidden->addCacheableDependency($scheme);
     return $carry;
   }, []);
-  if ($invalid_schemes) {
-    return $forbidden->setReason(sprintf('User has no active sections for the following access scheme(s): %s', implode(', ', $invalid_schemes)));
+  if (empty($valid_schemes)) {
+    return $forbidden->setReason(sprintf('User has no active sections.'));
   }
   return $return;
 }