NOTES.md

Git and GitHub Guide

INDEX

1. Introduction
   • What is Git
   • Why Git
   • Features of Git
   • What is GitHub
2. Configuring Git for the First Time
3. General Git Features
   • Initializing Git
   • Staging Files
   • Making a Commit
   • Status of Files and Log
4. Git Help
5. Git Branching
   • Making a New Git Branch
   • Checking All Available Branches
   • Switching to Other Branches
   • Making a New Branch and Directly Switching to It
   • Deleting a Branch
   • Merging Two Branches
6. Working with GitHub
   • Push Local Repo to GitHub
   • Pull Local Repo from GitHub
   • Pull Branch from GitHub
   • Push Branch to GitHub
   • Git Clone from GitHub
7. Git Undo
   • Git Revert
   • Git Reset
   • Git Amend

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Introduction

What is Git

Git is a version control system that helps you keep track of code changes and collaborate on code with other developers.

Why Git

• Git is widely used by over 70% of developers.
• Developers can work together from anywhere in the world.
• Git allows you to see the full history of the project.
• Git helps developers revert to earlier versions of a project.

Features of Git

• When a file is changed, added, or deleted, it is considered modified.
• Modified files can be staged and then committed to store a permanent snapshot.
• Git allows you to see the full history of every commit.
• You can revert back to any previous commit.
• Git keeps track of changes in each commit rather than storing a separate copy of every file.

What is GitHub

• GitHub is a platform that provides tools to use Git effectively.
• It is the largest host of source code in the world, owned by Microsoft since 2018.
• GitHub allows developers to collaborate on projects remotely.

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Configuring Git for the First Time

To set up your Git for the first time:

$ git config --global user.name "<Enter your username here>"
$ git config --global user.email "<Enter your email here>"

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General Git Features

Initializing Git

Git will start tracking changes in the current folder:

$ git init

Staging Files

Staging individual files:

$ git add <filename with extension>

Staging all files in a folder:

$ git add --all
$ git add -A
$ git add .

Making a Commit

Adding commits helps keep track of progress and changes:

$ git commit -m "<Enter your message here>"

Committing without staging first:

$ git commit -a -m "<Enter your message here>"

Status of Files and Log

View the status of files:

$ git status
$ git status --short  # Compact view

View commit history:

$ git log
$ git log --oneline

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Git Help

View help for specific commands:

$ git <command> -help

See all available options:

$ git help --all

To exit list view, press SHIFT + G to jump to the end and q to exit.

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Git Branching

Branches allow working on different parts of a project without impacting the main branch. Once work is complete, branches can be merged back.

Making a New Git Branch

$ git branch <name of branch>

Checking All Available Branches

$ git branch

Switching to Other Branches

$ git checkout <branch name>

Making a New Branch and Directly Switching to It

$ git checkout -b <branch name>

Deleting a Branch

$ git branch -d <branch name>

Merging Two Branches

It’s preferred to switch to the master branch before merging:

$ git merge <branch name>

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Working with GitHub

Push Local Repo to GitHub

Add a remote repository:

$ git remote add origin <paste copied URL here>

Push the master branch to GitHub and set it as default:

$ git push --set-upstream origin master

Push changes to GitHub after the initial setup:

$ git push origin

Pull Local Repo from GitHub

Pull changes from a remote repository:

$ git pull origin

Pull Branch from GitHub

List all branches:

$ git branch -a  # All branches
$ git branch -r  # Only remote branches

Checkout and pull a branch:

$ git checkout <branch name>
$ git pull

Push Branch to GitHub

Create a new branch and push it to GitHub:

$ git checkout -b <branch name>
$ git commit -a -m "<Message>"
$ git push origin <branch name>

Git Clone from GitHub

Clone a repository:

$ git clone <copied URL>

Clone to a specific folder:

$ git clone <copied URL> <folder name>

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Git Undo

Git Revert

Revert to a previous commit:

$ git log --oneline  # Find commit hash
$ git revert HEAD --no-edit  # Revert the latest commit

Revert to an earlier commit:

$ git revert HEAD~<x>  # 'x' represents the number of commits back

Git Reset

Reset the repository to a previous commit:

$ git reset <commithash>

Undo reset (reset back to a specific commit):

$ git reset <commithash>

Git Amend

Modify the most recent commit:

$ git commit --amend -m "<Commit Message>"

Amend files:

1. Stage the changes.
2. Amend with:

$ git commit --amend

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Thanks for reading!

This `NOTES.md` file provides a structured and easy-to-read guide for using Git and GitHub, organized in a logical manner with clear explanations of each topic.