diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/XDCx_trie_test.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/XDCx_trie_test.go
index ab880f5d6def..2063743cf22e 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/XDCx_trie_test.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/XDCx_trie_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func TestXDCxTrieTest(t *testing.T) {
 	t.SkipNow()
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	stateCache := NewDatabase(db)
-	trie, _ := stateCache.OpenStorageTrie(EmptyHash, types.EmptyRootHash)
+	trie, _ := stateCache.OpenStorageTrie(EmptyHash, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 	max := 1000000
 	for i := 1; i < max; i++ {
 		k := common.BigToHash(big.NewInt(int64(i))).Bytes()
diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/database.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/database.go
index 53e872732e33..4fe29d34ebb6 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/database.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/database.go
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ type Database interface {
 	OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-	OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
+	OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.
 	CopyTrie(Trie) Trie
 
 	// ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-	ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
+	ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
 
 	// ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-	ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
+	ContractCodeSize(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
 
 	// TrieDB retrieves the low level trie database used for data storage.
 	TrieDB() *trie.Database
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 }
 
 // OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 	return NewXDCXTrie(root, db.db)
 }
 
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ func (db *cachingDB) CopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
 }
 
 // ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_lendingbook.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_lendingbook.go
index 4285a7e6024a..ef8efaca9039 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_lendingbook.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_lendingbook.go
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ func (s *stateLendingBook) setError(err error) {
 func (s *stateLendingBook) getTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.trie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.Root)
+		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_liquidationprice.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_liquidationprice.go
index accdb2465d91..0178fa8d375b 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_liquidationprice.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_liquidationprice.go
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ func (s *liquidationPriceState) createLendingBook(db Database, lendingBook commo
 func (s *liquidationPriceState) getTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.trie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.liquidationPrice, s.data.Root)
+		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.liquidationPrice, common.Address{}, s.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.liquidationPrice, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.liquidationPrice, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderList.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderList.go
index fc4486ff6f00..b5d3dcb60e04 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderList.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderList.go
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ func (s *stateOrderList) setError(err error) {
 func (s *stateOrderList) getTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.trie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, s.data.Root)
+		s.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, common.Address{}, s.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.price, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderbook.go b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderbook.go
index 032a550d9067..21ea848c766e 100644
--- a/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderbook.go
+++ b/XDCx/tradingstate/state_orderbook.go
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ func (te *tradingExchanges) setError(err error) {
 func (te *tradingExchanges) getAsksTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if te.asksTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		te.asksTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, te.data.AskRoot)
+		te.asksTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, te.data.AskRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			te.asksTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			te.asksTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			te.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create asks trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ func (te *tradingExchanges) getAsksTrie(db Database) Trie {
 func (te *tradingExchanges) getOrdersTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if te.ordersTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		te.ordersTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, te.data.OrderRoot)
+		te.ordersTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, te.data.OrderRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			te.ordersTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			te.ordersTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			te.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create asks trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@ func (te *tradingExchanges) CommitAsksTrie(db Database) error {
 func (te *tradingExchanges) getBidsTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if te.bidsTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		te.bidsTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, te.data.BidRoot)
+		te.bidsTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, te.data.BidRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			te.bidsTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			te.bidsTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			te.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create bids trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -635,9 +635,9 @@ func (te *tradingExchanges) createStateLiquidationPrice(db Database, liquidation
 func (te *tradingExchanges) getLiquidationPriceTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if te.liquidationPriceTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		te.liquidationPriceTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, te.data.LiquidationPriceRoot)
+		te.liquidationPriceTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, te.data.LiquidationPriceRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			te.liquidationPriceTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			te.liquidationPriceTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(te.orderBookHash, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			te.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create liquidation liquidationPrice trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/database.go b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/database.go
index 5f63ddf992fb..1e373a543604 100644
--- a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/database.go
+++ b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/database.go
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ type Database interface {
 	OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-	OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
+	OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.
 	CopyTrie(Trie) Trie
 
 	// ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-	ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
+	ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
 
 	// ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-	ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
+	ContractCodeSize(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
 
 	// TrieDB retrieves the low level trie database used for data storage.
 	TrieDB() *trie.Database
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 }
 
 // OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 	return NewXDCXTrie(root, db.db)
 }
 
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ func (db *cachingDB) CopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
 }
 
 // ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_itemList.go b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_itemList.go
index 7ff64a2ace08..469b27bd5cf9 100644
--- a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_itemList.go
+++ b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_itemList.go
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ func (il *itemListState) setError(err error) {
 func (il *itemListState) getTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if il.trie == nil {
 		var err error
-		il.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(il.key, il.data.Root)
+		il.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(il.key, common.Address{}, il.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
-			il.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(il.key, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			il.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(il.key, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			il.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_lendingbook.go b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_lendingbook.go
index 1c81d0b5ac65..770dfc222797 100644
--- a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_lendingbook.go
+++ b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_lendingbook.go
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ func (s *lendingExchangeState) setError(err error) {
 func (s *lendingExchangeState) getLendingItemTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.lendingItemTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.lendingItemTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.LendingItemRoot)
+		s.lendingItemTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.LendingItemRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.lendingItemTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.lendingItemTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create Lendings trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ func (s *lendingExchangeState) getLendingItemTrie(db Database) Trie {
 func (s *lendingExchangeState) getLendingTradeTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.lendingTradeTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.lendingTradeTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.LendingTradeRoot)
+		s.lendingTradeTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.LendingTradeRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.lendingTradeTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.lendingTradeTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create Lendings trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ func (s *lendingExchangeState) getLendingTradeTrie(db Database) Trie {
 func (s *lendingExchangeState) getInvestingTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.investingTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.investingTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.InvestingRoot)
+		s.investingTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.InvestingRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.investingTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.investingTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create Lendings trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ func (s *lendingExchangeState) getInvestingTrie(db Database) Trie {
 func (s *lendingExchangeState) getBorrowingTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.borrowingTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.borrowingTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.BorrowingRoot)
+		s.borrowingTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.BorrowingRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.borrowingTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.borrowingTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create bids trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ func (s *lendingExchangeState) getBorrowingTrie(db Database) Trie {
 func (s *lendingExchangeState) getLiquidationTimeTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if s.liquidationTimeTrie == nil {
 		var err error
-		s.liquidationTimeTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, s.data.LiquidationTimeRoot)
+		s.liquidationTimeTrie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, s.data.LiquidationTimeRoot)
 		if err != nil {
-			s.liquidationTimeTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			s.liquidationTimeTrie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(s.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create bids trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_liquidationtime.go b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_liquidationtime.go
index 125cab2ddf07..b7dab1842088 100644
--- a/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_liquidationtime.go
+++ b/XDCxlending/lendingstate/state_liquidationtime.go
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ func (lt *liquidationTimeState) setError(err error) {
 func (lt *liquidationTimeState) getTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	if lt.trie == nil {
 		var err error
-		lt.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(lt.lendingBook, lt.data.Root)
+		lt.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(lt.lendingBook, common.Address{}, lt.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
-			lt.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(lt.time, types.EmptyRootHash)
+			lt.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(lt.lendingBook, common.Address{}, types.EmptyRootHash)
 			lt.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/core/blockchain_reader.go b/core/blockchain_reader.go
index 7e92a1f50baf..2554d4d295a3 100644
--- a/core/blockchain_reader.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_reader.go
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) TrieNode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 // ContractCode retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract hash
 // either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
 func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	return bc.stateCache.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+	return bc.stateCache.ContractCode(common.Address{}, hash)
 }
 
 // ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract
@@ -275,9 +275,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 // new code scheme.
 func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCodeWithPrefix(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	type codeReader interface {
-		ContractCodeWithPrefix(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
+		ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
 	}
-	return bc.stateCache.(codeReader).ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Hash{}, hash)
+	// TODO(rjl493456442) The associated account address is also required
+	// in Verkle scheme. Fix it once snap-sync is supported for Verkle.
+	return bc.stateCache.(codeReader).ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Address{}, hash)
 }
 
 // State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index a2c8f8efee7c..040ceea23bc6 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 			receiptSize += size
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, txLookupPrefix) && len(key) == (len(txLookupPrefix)+common.HashLength):
 			txlookupSize += size
-		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, preimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(preimagePrefix)+common.HashLength):
+		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, PreimagePrefix) && len(key) == (len(PreimagePrefix)+common.HashLength):
 			preimageSize += size
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, bloomBitsPrefix) && len(key) == (len(bloomBitsPrefix)+10+common.HashLength):
 			bloomBitsSize += size
diff --git a/core/rawdb/schema.go b/core/rawdb/schema.go
index d9738d8dbba4..5295a47ded04 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/schema.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/schema.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ var (
 	trieNodeAccountPrefix = []byte("A") // trieNodeAccountPrefix + hexPath -> trie node
 	trieNodeStoragePrefix = []byte("O") // trieNodeStoragePrefix + accountHash + hexPath -> trie node
 
-	preimagePrefix = []byte("secure-key-")       // preimagePrefix + hash -> preimage
+	PreimagePrefix = []byte("secure-key-")       // PreimagePrefix + hash -> preimage
 	configPrefix   = []byte("ethereum-config-")  // config prefix for the db
 	genesisPrefix  = []byte("ethereum-genesis-") // genesis state prefix for the db
 
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ func bloomBitsKey(bit uint, section uint64, hash common.Hash) []byte {
 	return key
 }
 
-// preimageKey = preimagePrefix + hash
+// preimageKey = PreimagePrefix + hash
 func preimageKey(hash common.Hash) []byte {
-	return append(preimagePrefix, hash.Bytes()...)
+	return append(PreimagePrefix, hash.Bytes()...)
 }
 
 // codeKey = codePrefix + hash
diff --git a/core/state/database.go b/core/state/database.go
index 446dfab22bcf..b07bc8cb2af3 100644
--- a/core/state/database.go
+++ b/core/state/database.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common/lru"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/types"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/crypto"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/ethdb"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/trie"
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/trie/trienode"
@@ -43,16 +44,16 @@ type Database interface {
 	OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-	OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
+	OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.
 	CopyTrie(Trie) Trie
 
 	// ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-	ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
+	ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
 
 	// ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-	ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
+	ContractCodeSize(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
 
 	// DiskDB returns the underlying key-value disk database.
 	DiskDB() ethdb.KeyValueStore
@@ -183,8 +184,8 @@ func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 }
 
 // OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
-	tr, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StorageTrieID(stateRoot, addrHash, root), db.triedb)
+func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
+	tr, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StorageTrieID(stateRoot, crypto.Keccak256Hash(address.Bytes()), root), db.triedb)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -202,11 +203,12 @@ func (db *cachingDB) CopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
 }
 
 // ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	if code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash); len(code) > 0 {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash)
+	if len(code) > 0 {
 		return code, nil
 	}
-	code := rawdb.ReadCode(db.disk, codeHash)
+	code = rawdb.ReadCode(db.disk, codeHash)
 	if len(code) > 0 {
 		db.codeCache.Add(codeHash, code)
 		db.codeSizeCache.Add(codeHash, len(code))
@@ -218,11 +220,12 @@ func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error
 // ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a particular contract's code. If the
 // code can't be found in the cache, then check the existence with **new**
 // db scheme.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	if code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash); len(code) > 0 {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash)
+	if len(code) > 0 {
 		return code, nil
 	}
-	code := rawdb.ReadCodeWithPrefix(db.disk, codeHash)
+	code = rawdb.ReadCodeWithPrefix(db.disk, codeHash)
 	if len(code) > 0 {
 		db.codeCache.Add(codeHash, code)
 		db.codeSizeCache.Add(codeHash, len(code))
@@ -232,11 +235,11 @@ func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]b
 }
 
 // ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
+func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
 	if cached, ok := db.codeSizeCache.Get(codeHash); ok {
 		return cached, nil
 	}
-	code, err := db.ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash)
+	code, err := db.ContractCode(addr, codeHash)
 	return len(code), err
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state/iterator.go b/core/state/iterator.go
index 66264061272b..de517d69694d 100644
--- a/core/state/iterator.go
+++ b/core/state/iterator.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package state
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 // nodeIterator is an iterator to traverse the entire state trie post-order,
-// including all of the contract code and contract state tries.
+// including all of the contract code and contract state tries. Preimage is
+// required in order to resolve the contract address.
 type nodeIterator struct {
 	state *StateDB // State being iterated
 
@@ -113,7 +115,15 @@ func (it *nodeIterator) step() error {
 	if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(it.stateIt.LeafBlob()), &account); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	dataTrie, err := it.state.db.OpenStorageTrie(it.state.originalRoot, common.BytesToHash(it.stateIt.LeafKey()), account.Root)
+	// Lookup the preimage of account hash
+	preimage := it.state.trie.GetKey(it.stateIt.LeafKey())
+	if preimage == nil {
+		return errors.New("account address is not available")
+	}
+	address := common.BytesToAddress(preimage)
+
+	// Traverse the storage slots belong to the account
+	dataTrie, err := it.state.db.OpenStorageTrie(it.state.originalRoot, address, account.Root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -126,8 +136,7 @@ func (it *nodeIterator) step() error {
 	}
 	if !bytes.Equal(account.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
 		it.codeHash = common.BytesToHash(account.CodeHash)
-		addrHash := common.BytesToHash(it.stateIt.LeafKey())
-		it.code, err = it.state.db.ContractCode(addrHash, common.BytesToHash(account.CodeHash))
+		it.code, err = it.state.db.ContractCode(address, common.BytesToHash(account.CodeHash))
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("code %x: %v", account.CodeHash, err)
 		}
diff --git a/core/state/state_object.go b/core/state/state_object.go
index 011d908bb6c5..c667334d1c04 100644
--- a/core/state/state_object.go
+++ b/core/state/state_object.go
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) touch() {
 // be loaded.
 func (s *stateObject) getTrie() (Trie, error) {
 	if s.trie == nil {
-		tr, err := s.db.db.OpenStorageTrie(s.db.originalRoot, s.addrHash, s.data.Root)
+		tr, err := s.db.db.OpenStorageTrie(s.db.originalRoot, s.address, s.data.Root)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) Code() []byte {
 	if bytes.Equal(s.CodeHash(), types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	code, err := s.db.db.ContractCode(s.addrHash, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()))
+	code, err := s.db.db.ContractCode(s.address, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()))
 	if err != nil {
 		s.db.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't load code hash %x: %v", s.CodeHash(), err))
 	}
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) CodeSize() int {
 	if bytes.Equal(s.CodeHash(), types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
 		return 0
 	}
-	size, err := s.db.db.ContractCodeSize(s.addrHash, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()))
+	size, err := s.db.db.ContractCodeSize(s.address, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()))
 	if err != nil {
 		s.db.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't load code size %x: %v", s.CodeHash(), err))
 	}
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index 3754f4725b86..8543fbdcec05 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) GetAccountInfo(addr common.Address) *AccountInfo {
 	if stateObject.code != nil {
 		result.CodeSize = len(stateObject.code)
 	} else {
-		size, err := s.db.ContractCodeSize(stateObject.addrHash, common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash()))
+		size, err := s.db.ContractCodeSize(stateObject.address, common.BytesToHash(stateObject.CodeHash()))
 		if err != nil {
 			s.setError(err)
 		}
diff --git a/core/state/sync_test.go b/core/state/sync_test.go
index a135b37d3840..2d801e39de3a 100644
--- a/core/state/sync_test.go
+++ b/core/state/sync_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type testAccount struct {
 func makeTestState() (ethdb.Database, Database, common.Hash, []*testAccount) {
 	// Create an empty state
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	sdb := NewDatabase(db)
+	sdb := NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{Preimages: true})
 	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 
 	// Fill it with some arbitrary data
@@ -100,28 +100,9 @@ func checkStateAccounts(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash, accou
 	}
 }
 
-// checkTrieConsistency checks that all nodes in a (sub-)trie are indeed present.
-func checkTrieConsistency(db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash) error {
-	if v, _ := db.Get(root[:]); v == nil {
-		return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent.
-	}
-	trie, err := trie.New(trie.StateTrieID(root), trie.NewDatabase(db))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	it := trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
-	for it.Next(true) {
-	}
-	return it.Error()
-}
-
 // checkStateConsistency checks that all data of a state root is present.
 func checkStateConsistency(db ethdb.Database, root common.Hash) error {
-	// Create and iterate a state trie rooted in a sub-node
-	if _, err := db.Get(root.Bytes()); err != nil {
-		return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent.
-	}
-	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(db))
+	state, err := New(root, NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{Preimages: true}))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -172,7 +153,7 @@ type stateElement struct {
 
 func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool) {
 	// Create a random state to copy
-	_, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
+	srcDisk, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
 	if commit {
 		srcDb.TrieDB().Commit(srcRoot, false)
 	}
@@ -205,7 +186,7 @@ func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool) {
 			codeResults = make([]trie.CodeSyncResult, len(codeElements))
 		)
 		for i, element := range codeElements {
-			data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, element.code)
+			data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Address{}, element.code)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve contract bytecode for hash %x", element.code)
 			}
@@ -275,6 +256,10 @@ func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool) {
 			})
 		}
 	}
+	// Copy the preimages from source db in order to traverse the state.
+	srcDb.TrieDB().WritePreimages()
+	copyPreimages(srcDisk, dstDb)
+
 	// Cross check that the two states are in sync
 	checkStateAccounts(t, dstDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts)
 }
@@ -283,7 +268,7 @@ func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool) {
 // partial results are returned, and the others sent only later.
 func TestIterativeDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a random state to copy
-	_, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
+	srcDisk, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
 
 	// Create a destination state and sync with the scheduler
 	dstDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
@@ -313,7 +298,7 @@ func TestIterativeDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 		if len(codeElements) > 0 {
 			codeResults := make([]trie.CodeSyncResult, len(codeElements)/2+1)
 			for i, element := range codeElements[:len(codeResults)] {
-				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, element.code)
+				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Address{}, element.code)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve contract bytecode for %x", element.code)
 				}
@@ -364,6 +349,10 @@ func TestIterativeDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 		}
 	}
+	// Copy the preimages from source db in order to traverse the state.
+	srcDb.TrieDB().WritePreimages()
+	copyPreimages(srcDisk, dstDb)
+
 	// Cross check that the two states are in sync
 	checkStateAccounts(t, dstDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts)
 }
@@ -376,7 +365,7 @@ func TestIterativeRandomStateSyncBatched(t *testing.T)    { testIterativeRandomS
 
 func testIterativeRandomStateSync(t *testing.T, count int) {
 	// Create a random state to copy
-	_, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
+	srcDisk, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
 
 	// Create a destination state and sync with the scheduler
 	dstDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
@@ -400,7 +389,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomStateSync(t *testing.T, count int) {
 		if len(codeQueue) > 0 {
 			results := make([]trie.CodeSyncResult, 0, len(codeQueue))
 			for hash := range codeQueue {
-				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Address{}, hash)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve node data for %x", hash)
 				}
@@ -448,6 +437,10 @@ func testIterativeRandomStateSync(t *testing.T, count int) {
 			codeQueue[hash] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
+	// Copy the preimages from source db in order to traverse the state.
+	srcDb.TrieDB().WritePreimages()
+	copyPreimages(srcDisk, dstDb)
+
 	// Cross check that the two states are in sync
 	checkStateAccounts(t, dstDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts)
 }
@@ -456,7 +449,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomStateSync(t *testing.T, count int) {
 // partial results are returned (Even those randomly), others sent only later.
 func TestIterativeRandomDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a random state to copy
-	_, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
+	srcDisk, srcDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts := makeTestState()
 
 	// Create a destination state and sync with the scheduler
 	dstDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
@@ -482,7 +475,7 @@ func TestIterativeRandomDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 			for hash := range codeQueue {
 				delete(codeQueue, hash)
 
-				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Address{}, hash)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve node data for %x", hash)
 				}
@@ -538,6 +531,10 @@ func TestIterativeRandomDelayedStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 			codeQueue[hash] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
+	// Copy the preimages from source db in order to traverse the state.
+	srcDb.TrieDB().WritePreimages()
+	copyPreimages(srcDisk, dstDb)
+
 	// Cross check that the two states are in sync
 	checkStateAccounts(t, dstDb, srcRoot, srcAccounts)
 }
@@ -556,7 +553,6 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	isCode[types.EmptyCodeHash] = struct{}{}
-	checkTrieConsistency(db, srcRoot)
 
 	// Create a destination state and sync with the scheduler
 	dstDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
@@ -589,7 +585,7 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 		if len(codeQueue) > 0 {
 			results := make([]trie.CodeSyncResult, 0, len(codeQueue))
 			for hash := range codeQueue {
-				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+				data, err := srcDb.ContractCode(common.Address{}, hash)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve node data for %x", hash)
 				}
@@ -603,7 +599,6 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		var nodehashes []common.Hash
 		if len(nodeQueue) > 0 {
 			results := make([]trie.NodeSyncResult, 0, len(nodeQueue))
 			for path, element := range nodeQueue {
@@ -618,7 +613,6 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 					addedPaths = append(addedPaths, element.path)
 					addedHashes = append(addedHashes, element.hash)
 				}
-				nodehashes = append(nodehashes, element.hash)
 			}
 			// Process each of the state nodes
 			for _, result := range results {
@@ -633,13 +627,6 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		batch.Write()
 
-		for _, root := range nodehashes {
-			// Can't use checkStateConsistency here because subtrie keys may have odd
-			// length and crash in LeafKey.
-			if err := checkTrieConsistency(dstDb, root); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("state inconsistent: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
 		// Fetch the next batch to retrieve
 		nodeQueue = make(map[string]stateElement)
 		codeQueue = make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
@@ -655,6 +642,10 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 			codeQueue[hash] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
+	// Copy the preimages from source db in order to traverse the state.
+	srcDb.TrieDB().WritePreimages()
+	copyPreimages(db, dstDb)
+
 	// Sanity check that removing any node from the database is detected
 	for _, node := range addedCodes {
 		val := rawdb.ReadCode(dstDb, node)
@@ -679,3 +670,15 @@ func TestIncompleteStateSync(t *testing.T) {
 		rawdb.WriteTrieNode(dstDb, owner, inner, hash, val, scheme)
 	}
 }
+
+func copyPreimages(srcDb, dstDb ethdb.Database) {
+	it := srcDb.NewIterator(rawdb.PreimagePrefix, nil)
+	defer it.Release()
+
+	preimages := make(map[common.Hash][]byte)
+	for it.Next() {
+		hash := it.Key()[len(rawdb.PreimagePrefix):]
+		preimages[common.BytesToHash(hash)] = common.CopyBytes(it.Value())
+	}
+	rawdb.WritePreimages(dstDb, preimages)
+}
diff --git a/trie/database.go b/trie/database.go
index ac6e64599999..9136ca0e568d 100644
--- a/trie/database.go
+++ b/trie/database.go
@@ -182,10 +182,15 @@ func (db *Database) Scheme() string {
 // It is meant to be called when closing the blockchain object, so that all
 // resources held can be released correctly.
 func (db *Database) Close() error {
+	db.WritePreimages()
+	return db.backend.Close()
+}
+
+// WritePreimages flushes all accumulated preimages to disk forcibly.
+func (db *Database) WritePreimages() {
 	if db.preimages != nil {
 		db.preimages.commit(true)
 	}
-	return db.backend.Close()
 }
 
 // Cap iteratively flushes old but still referenced trie nodes until the total