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<head>
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<meta name="description" content="SciCoQA: 635 paper-code discrepancies (92 real, 543 synthetic) across AI, Physics, Biology, and more. We evaluate 22 LLMs — even the best detect only 46.7% of real discrepancies. Dataset, code, and demo available.">
<meta name="keywords" content="SciCoQA, paper-code alignment, discrepancy detection, scientific reproducibility, code verification, machine learning, NLP, computer vision, benchmark dataset, LLM evaluation, reproducibility crisis, AI quality assurance">
<meta name="author" content="Tim Baumgärtner, Iryna Gurevych">
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<meta property="og:title" content="SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific Paper-Code Alignment">
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<meta property="og:image:alt" content="SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific Paper-Code Alignment">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2026-01-19T00:00:00.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2026-03-30T00:00:00.000Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="Tim Baumgärtner">
<meta property="article:section" content="Research">
<meta property="article:tag" content="paper-code alignment">
<meta property="article:tag" content="discrepancy detection">
<meta property="article:tag" content="scientific reproducibility">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific Paper-Code Alignment">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific Paper-Code Alignment">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Baumgärtner, Tim">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Gurevych, Iryna">
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2026/01/19">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="paper-code alignment; discrepancy detection; scientific reproducibility; benchmark dataset">
<title>SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific Paper-Code Alignment</title>
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"abstract": "We present SciCoQA, a dataset for detecting discrepancies between scientific publications and their codebases to ensure faithful implementations. In total, our dataset consists of 635 paper-code discrepancies (92 real, 543 synthetic), covering AI and extending to Physics, Quantitative Biology, and other computational sciences. Our evaluation of 22 LLMs demonstrates the difficulty of SciCoQA — the best performing models detect only 46.7% of real-world paper-code discrepancies.",
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.section-label {
display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.section-label::before { content: ''; width: 20px; height: 2px; background: var(--accent); border-radius: 2px; }
.section h2, .section-alt h2 {
font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700;
color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.3px;
}
.section h3, .section-alt h3, h3 {
font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700;
color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 16px;
}
/* ==================== STATS ==================== */
.stats-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
.stat-card { padding: 28px 20px; text-align: center; }
.stat-number {
display: block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 2rem;
font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent); line-height: 1.2;
}
.stat-label { display: block; font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-top: 4px; font-weight: 500; }
/* ==================== FIGURE ==================== */
.figure-wrapper {
background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--surface) 0%, #fff 100%);
border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--border);
padding: 28px 24px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.figure-wrapper img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.figure-caption { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 12px; }
/* ==================== PIPELINE DIAGRAM ==================== */
.pipe-diagram { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
/* Real-world: CSS grid, 2 rows x 7 cols (step arrow step arrow step arrow output) */
.pipe-grid-real {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 28px 1fr 28px 1fr 28px 95px;
grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 5px 0;
align-items: stretch;
}
.pipe-grid-real .g-src1 { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-src2 { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-a1 { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-filter { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1 / 3; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-a2 { grid-column: 4; grid-row: 1 / 3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-verify { grid-column: 5; grid-row: 1 / 3; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-a3 { grid-column: 6; grid-row: 1 / 3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-out { grid-column: 7; grid-row: 1 / 3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
/* Synthetic: grid with 3 steps matching real-world column count */
.pipe-row-synth {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 28px 1fr 28px 1fr 28px 95px;
align-items: stretch;
}
.pipe-row-synth .pipe-arrow { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.pipe-row-synth .pipe-output { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.pipe-arrow { color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.85rem; }
.pipe-card {
background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 9px;
padding: 10px 12px; height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-start;
}
.pipe-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.pipe-card-head { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.pipe-card-icon {
width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 0.55rem; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.pipe-card-title { font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); line-height: 1.2; }
.pipe-card-desc { font-size: 0.74rem; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.45; }
.pipe-agent {
display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px;
font-size: 0.66rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 4px;
}
.pipe-agents { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 3px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 2px; }
.agent-llm { background: #dbeafe; color: #1e40af; }
.agent-human { background: #fef3c7; color: #92400e; }
.pipe-agent-label { font-size: 0.62rem; color: var(--text-secondary); font-weight: 500; }
.pipe-quote {
background: var(--accent-wash); border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0; padding: 3px 6px;
font-size: 0.68rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.35; font-style: italic;
margin-top: 3px;
}
.pipe-code-ex {
background: #1e1e2e; border-radius: 4px; padding: 3px 5px; margin-top: 3px;
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.6rem; line-height: 1.4; color: #a0a8c0;
}
.pipe-code-ex .del { color: #f87171; }
.pipe-code-ex .add { color: #4ade80; }
/* ==================== BAR CHART ==================== */
.bar-group { position: absolute; bottom: 0; width: 8%; height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: center; gap: 2px; cursor: pointer; }
.bar-group:hover .bar { opacity: 0.8; }
.bar {
width: 42%; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0; position: relative;
transition: height 0.8s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
}
.bar.real { background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-light), var(--accent)); }
.bar.synth { background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--teal), #0a7a70); }
.bar-group .bar-tooltip {
display: none; position: absolute; bottom: 100%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
background: var(--text); color: #fff; font-size: 0.62rem; font-weight: 600;
padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 6px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 10;
pointer-events: none; margin-bottom: 6px;
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
}
.bar-group .bar-tooltip::after {
content: ''; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
border: 4px solid transparent; border-top-color: var(--text);
}
.bar-group:hover .bar-tooltip { display: block; }
.bar-animate { height: 0 !important; }
.pipe-code-light {
background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 4px;
padding: 3px 5px; margin-top: 3px;
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.54rem; line-height: 1.4; color: var(--text);
}
.pipe-output { text-align: center; }
.pipe-output-num {
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.2rem;
color: var(--text); line-height: 1;
}
.pipe-output-tag { font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 5px; white-space: nowrap; display: inline-block; margin: 2px 0; }
.pipe-output-tag.real { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.pipe-output-tag.synth { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }
.pipe-output-domains { display: flex; gap: 2px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 2px; }
.pipe-output-domains .domain-tag { font-size: 0.6rem; padding: 2px 5px; }
.pipe-divider {
display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 5px 0;
font-size: 0.52rem; color: var(--text-secondary); font-weight: 500;
}
.pipe-divider::before, .pipe-divider::after {
content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--border);
}
.pipe-path-tag {
font-size: 0.66rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 4px;
text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 4px; display: inline-block;
}
.pipe-path-tag.tag-real { background: var(--accent-wash); color: var(--accent-dark); }
.pipe-path-tag.tag-synth { background: var(--teal-wash); color: var(--teal); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.pipe-grid-real { grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: auto; gap: 6px; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-src1, .pipe-grid-real .g-src2, .pipe-grid-real .g-filter,
.pipe-grid-real .g-verify, .pipe-grid-real .g-out { grid-column: 1; grid-row: auto; }
.pipe-grid-real .g-a1, .pipe-grid-real .g-a2, .pipe-grid-real .g-a3 { display: none; }
.pipe-row-synth { flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
}
/* ==================== ABSTRACT ==================== */
.abstract-text { line-height: 1.85; color: #475569; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.abstract-text p { margin-bottom: 16px; }
.abstract-text strong { color: var(--text); }
/* TL;DR / Read More */
.abstract-tldr { line-height: 1.85; color: #475569; font-size: 1.08rem; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.abstract-tldr strong { color: var(--text); }
.abstract-toggle {
background: none; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px;
padding: 6px 16px; font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent);
cursor: pointer; font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif; transition: all 0.2s;
}
.abstract-toggle:hover { background: var(--accent-wash); border-color: var(--accent); }
.abstract-full {
line-height: 1.85; color: #475569; font-size: 0.95rem;
display: none; margin-top: 16px; padding-top: 16px;
border-top: 1px dashed var(--border);
}
.abstract-full.show { display: block; }
.abstract-full p { margin-bottom: 14px; }
/* ==================== DEFINITION BOX ==================== */
.definition-box {
background: var(--accent-wash); border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
padding: 28px 28px; margin: 28px 0;
}
.definition-box h4 {
font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent-dark); margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.definition-box p { font-size: 0.88rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.definition-box ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.definition-box li { font-size: 0.88rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.7; padding: 3px 0; }
/* ==================== DOMAIN CARDS ==================== */
.domain-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 43% 57%; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.domain-card { padding: 16px 20px; }
.domain-card:hover { transform: none; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.domain-card-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.domain-badge {
display: inline-block; font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff;
padding: 4px 14px; border-radius: 6px;
}
.domain-badge.real { background: var(--accent); }
.domain-badge.synthetic { background: var(--teal); }
.domain-count { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-secondary); }
.domain-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.domain-tag {
display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--text-secondary);
padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 6px; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.domain-tag i { font-size: 0.68rem; }
/* ==================== EXAMPLE CARDS ==================== */
.example-card { padding: 24px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.example-card-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.badge {
display: inline-block; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 3px 10px;
border-radius: 6px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.badge-type { background: var(--teal-wash); color: var(--teal); }
.badge-category { background: #fffbeb; color: var(--amber); }
.example-title { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.example-title a { color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s; }
.example-title a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.example-body { font-size: 0.88rem; line-height: 1.7; color: #475569; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.hl-paper { background: rgba(50,115,220,0.12); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; }
.hl-code { background: rgba(30,58,95,0.1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; }
.hl-diff { background: rgba(102,51,153,0.1); padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 3px; }
.example-source { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-secondary); }
.example-source a { color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none; }
.example-source a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.example-intro { font-size: 0.88rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 20px; }
/* ==================== TAXONOMY ==================== */
.taxonomy-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.taxonomy-card {
background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 28px 24px;
border: 1px solid var(--border); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.taxonomy-card h4 {
font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 16px;
display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
}
.taxonomy-card h4 i { color: var(--accent); }
.taxonomy-item { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.taxonomy-item strong { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text); }
.taxonomy-item span { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--text-secondary); }
.charts-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; margin-top: 8px; }
.chart-container { text-align: center; }
.chart-container h4 { font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.chart-note { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-secondary); text-align: center; margin-top: 8px; }
/* ==================== EVALUATION ==================== */
.subsection { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.subsection-text { font-size: 0.95rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.key-finding {
display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px;
background: #fffbeb; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber);
border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
padding: 20px 24px; margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.key-finding i { color: var(--amber); margin-top: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; }
.key-finding p { font-size: 0.88rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--text); }
.key-finding strong { color: #92400e; }
/* Table */
.table-wrapper {
overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
border: 1px solid var(--border); background: #fff; margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.table-wrapper table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.table-wrapper thead th {
background: var(--text); color: #fff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 10px;
text-align: left; font-size: 0.78rem; white-space: nowrap;
text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.table-wrapper thead th:not(:first-child) { text-align: center; }
.table-wrapper tbody td { padding: 10px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.table-wrapper tbody td:not(:first-child) { text-align: center; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.85rem; }
.table-wrapper tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
.table-wrapper tbody tr:hover { background: var(--surface); }
.table-wrapper tbody td:first-child { font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; color: var(--text); }
.table-wrapper .row-highlight { background: #f0fdf4; }
.table-note { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-top: 8px; }
/* Error analysis cards */
.error-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.error-card {
background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 24px 20px;
border: 1px solid var(--border); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
border-top: 3px solid var(--border);
}
.error-card h4 { font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.error-card p { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.6; }
.error-card.card-red { border-top-color: var(--accent); }
.error-card.card-teal { border-top-color: var(--teal); }
.error-card.card-blue { border-top-color: var(--blue); }
/* Implications */
.implications-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; }
.implications-grid p { font-size: 0.92rem; color: #475569; line-height: 1.65; }
.implications-grid strong { color: var(--text); }
/* ==================== GETTING STARTED ==================== */
.resource-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.taxonomy-card-new { padding: 12px 14px; }
/* .tc-title and .tc-desc use .card-title and .card-desc base classes */
.conclusion-card { padding: 18px 20px; border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); }
.conclusion-card .card-title i { color: var(--accent); }
.resource-card { padding: 28px 20px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.resource-card::before {
content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px;
background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light)); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.3s;
}
.resource-card:hover::before { opacity: 1; }
.resource-card .card-icon {
width: 36px; height: 36px; border-radius: 10px; display: flex;
align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1rem; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.resource-card-head { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.card-icon.ci-amber { background: #fffbeb; color: var(--amber); }
.card-icon.ci-dark { background: #f1f5f9; color: var(--text); }
.card-icon.ci-blue { background: var(--blue-wash); color: var(--blue); }
/* resource-card h4/p use .card-title/.card-desc base classes, with size override */
.resource-card .card-title { font-size: 1rem; }
.resource-card .card-desc { font-size: 0.88rem; }
.resource-card a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
.resource-card a:hover { color: var(--accent-dark); }
/* Code block */
.code-block {
background: #1e1e2e; border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); margin-top: 8px;
}
.code-block-header {
background: #2a2a3e; padding: 10px 20px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
}
.code-dot { width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 50%; }
.code-dot.red { background: #ff5f56; }
.code-dot.yellow { background: #ffbd2e; }
.code-dot.green { background: #27c93f; }
.code-block pre {
padding: 20px 24px; overflow-x: auto;
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.84rem;
line-height: 1.7; color: #e2e8f0; margin: 0;
}
.code-block .kw { color: #c678dd; }
.code-block .fn { color: #61afef; }
.code-block .str { color: #98c379; }
.code-block .cm { color: #5c6370; font-style: italic; }
.code-block .num { color: #d19a66; }
/* ==================== BIBTEX ==================== */
.bibtex-wrapper {
position: relative; background: var(--text); border-radius: var(--radius);
overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}
.bibtex-wrapper pre {
padding: 28px; overflow-x: auto;
font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.8rem;
line-height: 1.7; color: #e2e8f0; margin: 0;
}
.copy-btn {
position: absolute; top: 14px; right: 14px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); backdrop-filter: blur(4px); color: #e2e8f0;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); border-radius: 10px;
padding: 7px 16px; font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer;
display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; transition: all 0.25s;
font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
}
.copy-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); }
.copy-btn.copied { background: rgba(16,185,129,0.3); border-color: rgba(16,185,129,0.5); color: #6ee7b7; }
.cite-intro { color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: 0.95rem; }
/* ==================== FOOTER ==================== */
footer { background: var(--text); color: #e2e8f0; padding: 48px 0; text-align: center; }
.footer-links {
display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 28px; margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.footer-links a {
color: #cbd5e1; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 500;
display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: color 0.2s;
}
.footer-links a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-divider { width: 40px; height: 1px; background: #334155; margin: 0 auto 20px; }
.footer-note { font-size: 0.78rem; color: #64748b; }
.footer-note a { color: #94a3b8; text-decoration: none; }
.footer-note a:hover { color: #e2e8f0; }
/* ==================== SCROLL TO TOP ==================== */
.scroll-top {
position: fixed; bottom: 28px; right: 28px; z-index: 50;
width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%;
background: var(--accent); color: #fff; border: none;
display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
cursor: pointer; box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(30,58,95,0.3);
opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); transition: all 0.3s;
font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.scroll-top.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.scroll-top:hover { background: var(--accent-dark); transform: translateY(-2px); }
/* ==================== SLIDE MODE ==================== */
.slide-toggle-btn {
background: none; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px;
padding: 5px 10px; cursor: pointer; color: var(--text-secondary);
font-size: 0.78rem; transition: all 0.2s; display: flex; align-items: center;
margin-left: 8px; gap: 5px; font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif; font-weight: 600;
}
.slide-toggle-btn:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-wash); }
.slide-controls {
display: none; position: fixed; bottom: 32px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
z-index: 200; background: rgba(26,26,46,0.92); backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
border-radius: 100px; padding: 8px 20px; gap: 16px; align-items: center;
box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}
.slide-progress { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 3px; }
.slide-dot {
width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.25s; position: relative;
}
.slide-dot:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); transform: scale(1.3); }
.slide-dot.dot-active { background: #fff; width: 24px; border-radius: 4px; }
.slide-dot-tip {
display: none; position: absolute; bottom: 100%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
background: var(--text); color: #fff; font-size: 0.6rem; font-weight: 600;
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border-bottom-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
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body.slide-mode .topnav-title { color: #e2e8f0; }
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body.slide-mode .slide-toggle-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); color: #fff; }
body.slide-mode .slide-controls { display: flex; }
body.slide-mode .scroll-top { display: none !important; }
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body.slide-mode section.hero,
body.slide-mode section.links,
body.slide-mode .section,
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position: fixed; top: 48px; left: 0; right: 0;
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overflow-y: auto;
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body.slide-mode section.hero .container { position: static; }
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body.slide-mode .section-alt h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: 1.7rem; }
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@media (max-width: 768px) {
body.slide-mode section.hero,
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.slide-controls { bottom: 16px; padding: 6px 14px; gap: 10px; }
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/* ==================== REUSABLE COMPONENTS ==================== */
/* Flow icon (evaluation pipeline) */
.flow-icon {
width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 14px;
display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
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.flow-step-title { font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); }
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/* Chart axis labels */
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/* Chart legend */
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.chart-legend-dot { width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 2px; display: inline-block; }
/* Inline card accent borders */
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.border-accent { border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); }
/* Grid layouts */
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.grid-2 > * { min-width: 0; }
.grid-3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 10px; }
/* Analysis error card (inline in evaluation) */
.analysis-card { padding: 8px 10px; border-radius: 8px; }
/* .analysis-card-title and .analysis-card-desc use .card-title and .card-desc */
/* ==================== ANIMATIONS ==================== */
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.stagger-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
.stagger-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
.stagger-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
*, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; }
html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
.fade-up { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}
/* ==================== RESPONSIVE ==================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.paper-title { font-size: 1.85rem; }
.hero { padding: 60px 0 32px; }
.section, .section-alt { padding: 48px 0; }
.section h2, .section-alt h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
.stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
.domain-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.taxonomy-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.charts-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.error-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.resource-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.implications-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
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@media (max-width: 480px) {
.paper-title { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.container { padding: 0 18px; }
.stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 10px; }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- NAV -->
<nav class="topnav" id="topnav">
<div class="topnav-inner">
<a href="#" class="topnav-title">SciCoQA</a>
<div class="topnav-links">
<a href="#overview" data-section="overview">Collection</a>
<a href="#discrepancies" data-section="discrepancies">Discrepancies</a>
<a href="#examples" data-section="examples">Examples</a>
<a href="#taxonomy" data-section="taxonomy">Taxonomy</a>
<a href="#evaluation" data-section="evaluation">Evaluation</a>
<a href="#analysis" data-section="analysis">Analysis</a>
<a href="#start" data-section="start">Get Started</a>
<a href="#citation" data-section="citation">Cite</a>
</div>
<button class="slide-toggle-btn" id="slideToggle" onclick="toggleSlideMode()" title="Presentation mode">
<i class="fa-solid fa-display"></i> <span class="slide-toggle-label">Slides</span>
</button>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- HERO -->
<section class="hero">
<div class="container">
<h1 class="paper-title">SciCoQA: Quality Assurance for Scientific <span class="title-gradient">Paper-Code Alignment</span></h1>
<div class="authors">
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pwDGJYsAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Tim Baumgärtner</a> and
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t3A39e8AAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Iryna Gurevych</a>
</div>
<div class="affiliations">
Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab · Technical University of Darmstadt
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- LINKS -->
<section class="links">
<div class="container">
<div class="links-row">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.12910" class="link-btn link-btn-primary" target="_blank"><i class="ai ai-arxiv"></i> Paper</a>
<a href="https://github.com/UKPLab/scicoqa" class="link-btn" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-github"></i> Code</a>
<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/UKPLab/scicoqa" class="link-btn" target="_blank"><i class="fa-solid fa-database"></i> Data</a>
<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/UKPLab/scicoqa" class="link-btn" target="_blank"><i class="fa-solid fa-display"></i> Demo</a>
<button class="link-btn" onclick="copyBibtex()" style="cursor:pointer;"><i class="fa-solid fa-quote-left"></i> <span class="hero-cite-text">Cite</span></button>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<main>
<!-- TL;DR + STATS -->
<section class="section-alt" id="abstract">
<div class="container">
<div class="section-label">Summary</div>
<h2><span class="title-gradient">TL;DR</span></h2>
<p class="abstract-tldr fade-up">
We present <strong>SciCoQA</strong>, a benchmark of <strong>635 paper-code discrepancies</strong> (92 real-world, 543 synthetic) across AI, Physics, Biology, and more. We evaluate <strong>22 LLMs</strong> on detecting these mismatches—even the best models find only <strong>46.7%</strong> of real discrepancies, far from reliable scientific quality assurance.
</p>
<button class="abstract-toggle fade-up" onclick="toggleAbstract()">
<i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down" style="font-size:0.65rem;margin-right:4px"></i> Full abstract
</button>
<div class="abstract-full" id="abstract-full">
<p>We present SciCoQA, a dataset for detecting discrepancies between scientific publications and their codebases to ensure faithful implementations. We construct SciCoQA from GitHub issues and reproducibility papers, and to scale our dataset, we propose a synthetic data generation method for constructing paper-code discrepancies. We analyze the paper-code discrepancies in detail and propose discrepancy types and categories to better understand the occurring mismatches.</p>
<p>In total, our dataset consists of 635 paper-code discrepancies (92 real, 543 synthetic), covering the AI domain from real-world data and extending to Physics, Quantitative Biology, and other computational sciences through synthetic data. Our evaluation of 22 LLMs demonstrates the difficulty of SciCoQA, particularly for instances involving omitted paper details, long-context inputs, and data outside the models' pre-training corpus. The best performing models in our evaluation, Gemini 3.1 Pro and GPT-5 Mini, detect only 46.7% of real-world paper-code discrepancies.</p>
</div>
<div class="stats-grid" style="margin-top: 28px;">
<div class="card stat-card fade-up"><span class="stat-number" data-target="635">0</span><span class="stat-label">Paper-Code Discrepancies</span></div>
<div class="card stat-card fade-up stagger-1"><span class="stat-number" data-target="6">0</span><span class="stat-label">Scientific Domains</span></div>
<div class="card stat-card fade-up stagger-2"><span class="stat-number" data-target="22">0</span><span class="stat-label">LLMs Evaluated</span></div>
<div class="card stat-card fade-up stagger-3"><span class="stat-number" data-target="46.7" data-suffix="%" data-decimals="1">0</span><span class="stat-label">Best Real-World Recall</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- OVERVIEW FIGURE (web-native) -->
<section class="section" id="overview">
<div class="container">
<div class="section-label">Data Collection</div>
<h2>How SciCoQA Was <span class="title-gradient">Collected</span></h2>
<div class="figure-wrapper fade-up" style="padding: 12px 10px;">
<div class="pipe-diagram">
<!-- Real-world path: CSS grid -->
<div><span class="pipe-path-tag tag-real">Real-World Data</span></div>
<div class="pipe-grid-real">
<div class="g-src1"><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: var(--accent-wash); color: var(--accent);"><i class="fa-solid fa-book"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Reproducibility Papers</div></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Extraction of paper-code discrepancy descriptions from reproducibility papers</div>
<div class="pipe-agents"><span class="pipe-agent-label">via</span> <span class="pipe-agent agent-llm">GPT-5</span></div>
</div></div>
<div class="g-src2"><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: #f1f5f9; color: var(--text);"><i class="fa-brands fa-github"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">GitHub Issues</div></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Issue classification: identify which issues from scientific repositories report paper-code discrepancies</div>
<div class="pipe-agents"><span class="pipe-agent-label">via</span> <span class="pipe-agent agent-llm">Qwen3</span></div>
</div></div>
<div class="g-a1 pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div class="g-filter"><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: #fef3c7; color: #92400e;"><i class="fa-solid fa-filter"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Manual Filter</div></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Verify all candidates against the discrepancy definition: a <em>meaningful</em> semantic conflict between the paper's method and the code's implementation.</div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc" style="margin-top: 2px;">Remove:<br>
× Bugs independent of the paper<br>
× Hyperparameter mismatches<br>
× Trivial implementation details
</div>
<div class="pipe-agents"><span class="pipe-agent agent-human"><i class="fa-solid fa-user" style="font-size: 0.5rem;"></i> Human</span></div>
</div></div>
<div class="g-a2 pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div class="g-verify"><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: var(--teal-wash); color: var(--teal);"><i class="fa-solid fa-check-double"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Verify & Rephrase</div></div>
<div style="font-size: 0.68rem; color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; margin-top: 3px;">Verification</div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Confirm each discrepancy actually exists given the original paper, codebase, and source evidence.</div>
<div style="font-size: 0.68rem; color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; margin-top: 5px;">Rephrasing</div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Generate a standardized description: what the <em>paper</em> claims, what the <em>code</em> implements, and the <em>difference</em>.</div>
<div class="pipe-agents"><span class="pipe-agent-label">via</span> <span class="pipe-agent agent-llm">GPT-5</span> <span class="pipe-agent agent-llm">Gemini 3.1 Pro</span></div>
</div></div>
<div class="g-a3 pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div class="g-out pipe-output"><div>
<div class="pipe-output-num">92</div>
<span class="pipe-output-tag real">Real</span>
<div class="pipe-output-domains"><span class="domain-tag">ML</span><span class="domain-tag">CV</span><span class="domain-tag">NLP</span></div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="pipe-divider">+</div>
<!-- Synthetic path -->
<div><span class="pipe-path-tag tag-synth">Synthetic Data</span></div>
<div class="pipe-row-synth">
<div><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: var(--blue-wash); color: var(--blue);"><i class="fa-solid fa-code"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Scientific Codebases</div></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Sample repositories linked to arXiv papers with permissive licenses, balanced across CS and non-CS domains</div>
</div></div>
<div class="pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: var(--blue-wash); color: var(--blue);"><i class="fa-solid fa-wand-magic-sparkles"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Generate Code Diffs</div></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc">Given the paper and code, generate code changes that introduce discrepancies. Sample up to 3 per repo.</div>
<div class="pipe-agents"><span class="pipe-agent-label">via</span> <span class="pipe-agent agent-llm">GPT-5</span></div>
</div></div>
<div class="pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div><div class="pipe-card">
<div class="pipe-card-head"><div class="pipe-card-icon" style="background: var(--accent-wash); color: var(--accent);"><i class="fa-solid fa-file-lines"></i></div><div class="pipe-card-title">Synthetic Paper-Code Discrepancy</div></div>
<div class="pipe-code-light"><span style="color: var(--text-secondary);">def normalize(v):</span><br><span style="color: #b91c1c; text-decoration: line-through;"> return v/np.sqrt(np.sum(v**2))</span><br><span style="color: #16a34a;"> return v/np.sum(np.abs(v))</span></div>
<div class="pipe-card-desc" style="margin-top: 4px;"><em>Description:</em> norm type changed from Euclidean to Manhattan distance.</div>
</div></div>
<div class="pipe-arrow"><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right"></i></div>
<div class="pipe-output"><div>
<div class="pipe-output-num">543</div>
<span class="pipe-output-tag synth">Synthetic</span>
<div class="pipe-output-domains"><span class="domain-tag">ML</span><span class="domain-tag">CV</span><span class="domain-tag">NLP</span><span class="domain-tag">Physics</span><span class="domain-tag">Bio</span><span class="domain-tag">EE</span><span class="domain-tag">Stats</span><span class="domain-tag">Math</span></div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="figure-caption fade-up stagger-1">
<strong>Dataset construction pipeline:</strong> For real-world data, we source discrepancy candidates from reproducibility papers (via GPT-5) and GitHub issues (via Qwen3) in parallel, manually filter them, then verify and rephrase with GPT-5 and Gemini 3.1 Pro, yielding 92 discrepancies. For synthetic data, we sample scientific codebases and use GPT-5 to generate code modifications that create controlled discrepancies, yielding 543 examples across 6 domains.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- PAPER-CODE DISCREPANCIES -->
<section class="section-alt" id="discrepancies">
<div class="container">
<div class="section-label">Definition</div>
<h2>Paper-Code <span class="title-gradient">Discrepancies</span></h2>
<p class="subsection-text fade-up" style="margin-bottom: 24px;">