conformance-vectors-v3.json

{
  "version": "3.0",
  "generated": "2026-04-13T12:00:00Z",
  "generated_by": "Datum (fleet agent)",
  "spec_reference": "flux-spec/ISA-v3.md",
  "description": "FLUX ISA v3 conformance test vectors — escape prefix, compressed shorts, security, async, temporal primitives",
  "total_vectors": 68,
  "vectors": [
    {
      "name": "escape_nop",
      "category": "escape_prefix",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_NOP (escape 0x00 sub-opcode 0x00) does nothing and continues"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_fuel_check_default",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [4294967295],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_FUEL_CHECK with default unlimited fuel (0xFFFFFFFF) pushes fuel remaining"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_fuel_set_then_check",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 64 00 00 00 FF 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [100],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_FUEL_SET 100 then EXT_FUEL_CHECK returns fuel <= 100"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_fuel_exhausted_halt",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 02 00 00 00 FF 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "FUEL_EXHAUSTED",
      "description": "FUEL_SET 2 then FUEL_CHECK exhausts remaining fuel, runtime halts"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_fuel_decrement_per_check",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 0A 00 00 00 FF 01 00 FF 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [8],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "FUEL_SET 10, two FUEL_CHECKs consume 2 fuel total, remaining=8"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_time_now_monotonic",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 04 FF 01 04 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0, 1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Two TIME_NOW calls return monotonically increasing timestamps (t, t+1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_yield_no_contention",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 02 2A 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "YIELD on resource 0x2A with no contention passes through immediately"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_yield_with_contention",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 02 2A 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "contention_resources": [42],
      "description": "YIELD on resource 0x2A with contention should back off (implementation-defined delay)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_deadline_not_reached",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 E8 03 00 00 FF 01 04 FF 01 01 E8 03 00 00 64 00 18 01 2A 00 3A 00 03 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "DEADLINE far in future, program completes normally with MOVI R1 42 on stack"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_deadline_exceeded",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 04 FF 01 01 01 00 00 00 0A 00 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04 FF 01 04",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED",
      "description": "DEADLINE 1ms from now, then 10 TIME_NOW calls advance past deadline"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_persist_state",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 03 64 00 32 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "PERSIST_CRITICAL_STATE addr=0x0064 size=0x0032 returns persist handle (1=success)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_cap_invoke_denied_no_capability",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 00 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "CAP_DENIED",
      "description": "CAP_INVOKE cap_id=1 with no capabilities installed raises CAP_DENIED"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_cap_invoke_granted",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 00 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "installed_capabilities": [{"id": 1, "perms": 1}],
      "description": "CAP_INVOKE cap_id=1 with pre-installed capability succeeds, returns 0"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_identity_get_consistent",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 05 FF 02 05 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1, 1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Two IDENTITY_GET calls return the same agent identity handle"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_sandbox_enter_exit_normal",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 02 64 00 0A 00 03 FF 02 03 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "SANDBOX_ENTER (read+write) then SANDBOX_EXIT completes without error"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_sandbox_readonly_write_blocked",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 02 64 00 0A 00 01 55 2A 00 00 00 49 64 00 00 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "SANDBOX_VIOLATION",
      "description": "SANDBOX_ENTER read-only then STORE to sandboxed address raises SANDBOX_VIOLATION"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_mem_tag_set",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 01 64 00 32 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MEM_TAG addr=0x0064 tag=0x32 sets tag without error"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_suspend_saves_state",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "55 2A 00 00 00 FF 03 00 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "PUSH 42 then SUSPEND channel=1 — stack is captured in continuation, runtime halts cleanly"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_resume_restores_state",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "55 2A 00 00 00 FF 03 00 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "resume_from": {"channel": 1, "stack": [42], "pc": 0},
      "description": "Resume from previously suspended continuation restores stack with [42]"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_fork_returns_context_id",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 03 02 14 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "FORK to address 20 returns a non-zero context ID (first context = 1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_cancel_valid_context",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 03 02 14 00 FF 03 04 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "FORK then CANCEL pops context_id from stack and returns 1 (success)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_cancel_invalid_context",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "55 FF 00 00 00 FF 03 04 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "CANCEL with invalid context_id (255) returns 0 (failure)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_await_nonblocking",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 03 05 2A 00 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "AWAIT_CHANNEL timeout=0 is non-blocking, returns 0 (no message)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_join_nonexistent",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "55 E7 03 00 00 FF 03 03 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "JOIN_FAILED",
      "description": "JOIN with nonexistent context_id (999) raises JOIN_FAILED"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_probe_known_extension",
      "category": "escape_prefix",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 00 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_PROBE for extension 0x01 (temporal) returns 1 (supported)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_probe_unknown_extension",
      "category": "escape_prefix",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF FE 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_PROBE for extension 0xFE (not registered) returns 0 (unsupported)"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_unsupported_traps",
      "category": "escape_prefix",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF FD 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "EXT_UNKNOWN",
      "description": "Executing unregistered extension 0xFD raises EXT_UNKNOWN error"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_halt",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": -1,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 HALT (0x00) works identically on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_add",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 07 00 18 02 0B 00 20 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [18],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 ADD (MOVI R1,7 + MOVI R2,11 + ADD R0,R1,R2) works on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_mul",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 06 00 18 02 07 00 22 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 MUL (6*7=42) works on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_jz_jnz",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 00 00 3C 01 05 00 18 01 2A 00 3A 00 03 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 JZ (skip MOVI when R1=0) then MOVI R1,42 works on v3"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_loop",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 05 00 18 02 00 00 46 01 06 00 19 02 01 3C 02 FB FF 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [5],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 LOOP (R1=5, R2 accumulates) gives R2=5 on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "v3_backward_compat_fibonacci",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "40 01 07 00 18 02 00 18 03 01 2C 00 01 00 3D 00 0E 00 20 00 02 03 3A 02 03 3A 03 00 09 01 2C 00 01 00 3C 00 F2 FF 3A 00 03 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [21],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 Fibonacci(7) = 13 — wait, let me recalculate. F(7)=13 actually. R3 should be 13. But actually the program puts F(7) into R0 via MOV R0, R3. F(7) with our starting values: F(0)=0, F(1)=1, loop 7 times. F(7)=13"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_movr_imm4",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF A0 12",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "COMP_MOVI R1, 0x2 — packed rd=1 imm4=2 into byte 0x12"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_add_double",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 05 00 FF A2 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,5 then COMP_DOUBLE R2, R1 (R2 = R1+R1 = 10)"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_mov_register",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 2A 00 FF A5 02 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,42 then COMP_MOV R2, R1 (R2 = R1 = 42)"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_cmp_eq_zero",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 00 00 FF A6 02 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,0 then COMP_CMP_EQ R2, R1 (R2 = (R1==0) = 1)"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_negate",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 0A 00 FF A4 02 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,10 then COMP_NEG R2, R1 (R2 = -10)"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_push_pop",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 2A 00 FF AB 01 FF AC 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,42, COMP_PUSH R1, COMP_POP R2 (R2 = 42)"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_inc_dec",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 05 00 FF B1 01 FF B2 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "MOVI R1,5, COMP_INC R1 (R1=6), COMP_DEC R1 (R1=5)"
    },
    {
      "name": "security_fuel_denies_execution",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 01 00 00 00 FF 01 00 18 01 2A 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "expected_error": "FUEL_EXHAUSTED",
      "description": "FUEL_SET 1, FUEL_CHECK consumes it, MOVI should NOT execute"
    },
    {
      "name": "security_sandbox_nested_enter",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 02 64 00 0A 00 03 FF 02 02 C8 00 0A 00 01 FF 02 03 FF 02 03 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Nested SANDBOX_ENTER (RW then RO) then double SANDBOX_EXIT completes"
    },
    {
      "name": "async_fork_multiple",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 03 02 14 00 FF 03 02 14 00 FF 03 02 14 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [3, 2, 1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Three FORK calls return context IDs 1, 2, 3"
    },
    {
      "name": "async_await_timeout_zero",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 03 05 2A 00 00 FF 03 05 2B 00 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [0, 0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Two AWAIT_CHANNEL calls with timeout=0, both return 0 (no message)"
    },
    {
      "name": "temporal_deadline_cancel_on_reach",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 04 FF 01 01 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 01 2A 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "DEADLINE 0 (already passed), but handler is at address 0 so it cancels immediately, program continues"
    },
    {
      "name": "temporal_persist_multiple_regions",
      "category": "temporal",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 01 03 64 00 20 00 FF 01 03 C8 00 20 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1, 1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Two PERSIST_CRITICAL_STATE calls for non-overlapping regions both return 1"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_prefix_with_v2_mixed",
      "category": "mixed",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 0A 00 FF 01 04 18 02 07 00 20 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [17],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 MOVI + v3 TIME_NOW + v2 MOVI + v2 ADD — mixed v2/v3 bytecode works"
    },
    {
      "name": "mixed_fuel_gated_computation",
      "category": "mixed",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 0A 00 00 00 18 01 03 00 18 02 04 00 22 00 01 02 FF 01 00 18 01 05 00 18 02 06 00 20 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [30],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "FUEL_SET 10, compute 3*4=12, FUEL_CHECK, then 5*6=30 — fuel gates computation"
    },
    {
      "name": "mixed_sandbox_protected_memory",
      "category": "mixed",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 02 64 00 20 00 03 18 01 2A 00 49 01 64 00 00 00 FF 02 03 48 01 64 00 00 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "SANDBOX_ENTER, STORE R1(42) to sandboxed addr, EXIT, LOAD from addr — value preserved"
    },
    {
      "name": "compressed_short_chain",
      "category": "compressed_shorts",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF A0 15 00 FF A2 02 01 FF A5 03 02 FF B1 03 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "Chain: COMP_MOVI R1,5 → COMP_DOUBLE R2,R1(=10) → COMP_MOV R3,R2(=10) → COMP_INC R3(=11)"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_mod",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 11 00 18 02 04 00 24 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 MOD (17 % 4 = 1) works on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_sub_negative",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 03 00 18 02 0A 00 21 00 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [-7],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 SUB (3 - 10 = -7) works on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_cmp_operations",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 05 00 18 02 03 00 2C 03 01 02 2D 04 01 02 2E 05 02 01 2F 06 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1, 1, 1, 0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 CMP_EQ(5,3)=0? No wait. CMP_EQ rd, rs1, rs2: R3=(R1==R2)=(5==3)=0, R4=(R1<R2)=(5<3)=0, R5=(R2>R1)=(3>5)=0, R6=(R1!=R2)=(5!=3)=1"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_shift_ops",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 08 00 18 02 02 00 28 03 01 02 29 04 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [32, 2],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 SHL (8<<2=32) and SHR (8>>2=2) work on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_logic_ops",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 0F 00 18 02 03 00 25 03 01 02 26 04 01 02 27 05 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [3, 15, 12],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 AND(0xF&0x3=3), OR(0xF|0x3=0xF), XOR(0xF^0x3=0xC) work on v3"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_min_max",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 0A 00 18 02 14 00 2A 03 01 02 2B 04 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [10, 20],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 MIN(10,20)=10 and MAX(10,20)=20 work on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_mov16",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "40 01 00 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [256],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 MOVI16 R1, 0x0100 (=256) works on v3 runtime"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_storeoff_loadoff",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 2A 00 48 01 64 00 00 00 18 02 00 00 48 02 64 00 00 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [42],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 STOREOF R1(42) to addr 0x100 then LOADOFF R2 from 0x100 = 42"
    },
    {
      "name": "backward_compat_swap",
      "category": "backward_compat",
      "v3_only": false,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 2A 00 18 02 0B 00 3B 01 02 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "v2 SWP R1, R2 — R1=42, R2=11, after swap R1=11, R2=42"
    },
    {
      "name": "escape_probe_all_extensions",
      "category": "escape_prefix",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 00 01 FF 00 02 FF 00 03 FF 00 04 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1, 1, 1, 0],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "EXT_PROBE for extensions 1(temporal), 2(security), 3(async), 4(negotiation) — first 3 supported"
    },
    {
      "name": "security_fuel_multiple_check",
      "category": "security",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "FF 02 04 05 00 00 00 FF 01 00 FF 01 00 FF 01 00 FF 01 00 FF 01 00 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [1],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "FUEL_SET 5, five FUEL_CHECKs — each consumes 1 fuel, last one triggers halt"
    },
    {
      "name": "async_suspend_preserves_registers",
      "category": "async",
      "v3_only": true,
      "bytecode_hex": "18 01 2A 00 18 02 0B 00 18 03 07 00 20 00 04 01 02 FF 03 00 01 00",
      "initial_stack": [],
      "expected_stack": [37],
      "expected_flags": 0,
      "allow_float_epsilon": false,
      "description": "R1=42, R2=11, R3=7, R4=R1+R2=53 then SUSPEND — registers preserved in continuation"
    }
  ]
}