- Transposase Accessible Chromatin : L'acronyme ATAC-seq vient de l'anglais Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with highthroughput sequencing. Il s'agit d'une technique utilisée en biologie moléculaire pour caractériser les régions accessibles de la chromatine ainsi que dans une moindre mesure le positionnement nucléosomal autour de celles-ci. Cette méthode fut en premier décrite en 2013
- epigenetic landscape : The epigenetic landscape is a concept representing embryonic development. It was proposed by Conrad Hal Waddington to illustrate the various developmental pathways a cell might take toward differentiation. The epigenetic landscape integrates the connected concepts of competence, induction, and regulative abilities of the genes into a single model designed to explain cellular differentiation, a long standing problem in embryology.
- single cell sequencing : le séquençage à la cellule près
- Droplet-based microfluidics : Microdroplets offer the feasibility of handling miniature volumes (μl to fl) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, sensing and are suitable for high throughput experiments
- DNA barcoding : technique de catalogage et d'identification moléculaire permettant la caractérisation génétique d'un individu ou d'un échantillon d'individu à partir d'une courte séquence d'ADN (marqueur distinctif) choisie en fonction du groupe étudié
- Split-pooling : split-pool ligation-based transcriptome sequencing, or SPLiT-seq, uses combinatorial barcoding to profile single-cell transcriptomes without requiring the physical isolation of each cell
- FACS-sorted bulk cell populations : Bulk Cell Sorting by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS™)
- Housekeeping gene : In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function.
- coverage difference between cells : Coverage (or depth) in DNA sequencing is the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence.[1][2] Deep sequencing refers to the general concept of aiming for high number of unique reads of each region of a sequence
- flash-frozen : Flash freezing refers to the process whereby objects are frozen in just a few hours[2] by subjecting them to cryogenic temperatures, or through direct contact with liquid nitrogen at −196 °C
- Proximal promoter : the proximal sequence upstream of the gene that tends to contain primary regulatory elements. Approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the start site. Specific transcription factor binding sites
- Distal promoter : the distal sequence upstream of the gene that may contain additional regulatory elements, often with a weaker influence than the proximal promoter. Anything further upstream (but not an enhancer or other regulatory region whose influence is positional/orientation independent). Specific transcription factor binding sites
- Primitive streak : The primitive streak is a structure that forms in the blastula during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development. It forms on the dorsal (back) face of the developing embryo, toward the caudal or posterior end.
- Gastrulation : Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a multilayered structure known as the gastrula
- Homeobox : A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi, plants, and numerous single cell eukaryotes
- Exon : Dans les gènes des organismes eucaryotes, les exons sont les segments d’un précurseur ARN qui sont conservés dans l’ARN après épissage et que l'on retrouve dans l'ARN mature dans le cytoplasme.
- cDNA : L'ADN complémentaire (ou ADNc, Acide désoxyribonucléique complémentaire) est un simple brin artificiellement synthétisé à partir d'un ARNm, représentant ainsi la partie codante de la région du génome ayant été transcrit en cet ARNm.
- 5' -> 3' : Le sens 5' vers 3' est le sens de synthèse des acides nucléiques — ADN ou ARN — par une ADN polymérase ou une ARN polymérase. Par convention, on oriente le brin d'acide nucléique de gauche à droite en fonction des groupes libres sur les nucléotides localisés à chaque extrémité (5' ou 3').
- pancreatic islet : The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (hormone-producing) cells
- Euchromatine : L'euchromatine est la chromatine qui apparaît partiellement décondensée en interphase.