diff --git a/src/oas.md b/src/oas.md
index b81e67fe8b..1b35b81252 100644
--- a/src/oas.md
+++ b/src/oas.md
@@ -1134,13 +1134,13 @@ See [Appendix E](#appendix-e-percent-encoding-and-form-media-types) for a detail
 There are four possible parameter locations specified by the `in` field:
 
 * path - Used together with [Path Templating](#path-templating), where the parameter value is actually part of the operation's URL. This does not include the host or base path of the API. For example, in `/items/{itemId}`, the path parameter is `itemId`.
-* query - Parameters that are appended to the URL. For example, in `/items?id=###`, the query parameter is `id`.
+* query - Parameters that are appended to the URL with the `?` character (or for subsequent query parameters, with the `&` character).
 * header - Custom headers that are expected as part of the request. Note that [RFC7230](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2) states header names are case insensitive.
 * cookie - Used to pass a specific cookie value to the API.
 
 ##### Fixed Fields
 
-The rules for serialization of the parameter are specified in one of two ways.
+The rules for serialization and deserialization of the parameter are specified in one of two ways.
 Parameter Objects MUST include either a `content` field or a `schema` field, but not both.
 See [Appendix B](#appendix-b-data-type-conversion) for a discussion of converting values of various types to string representations.
 
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ Serializing with `schema` is NOT RECOMMENDED for `in: "cookie"` parameters; see
 | <a name="parameter-style"></a>style | `string` | Describes how the parameter value will be serialized depending on the type of the parameter value. Default values (based on value of `in`): for `"query"` - `"form"`; for `"path"` - `"simple"`; for `"header"` - `"simple"`; for `"cookie"` - `"form"`. |
 | <a name="parameter-explode"></a>explode | `boolean` | When this is true, parameter values of type `array` or `object` generate separate parameters for each value of the array or key-value pair of the map. For other types of parameters this field has no effect. When [`style`](#parameter-style) is `"form"`, the default value is `true`. For all other styles, the default value is `false`. Note that despite `false` being the default for `deepObject`, the combination of `false` with `deepObject` is undefined. |
 | <a name="parameter-allow-reserved"></a>allowReserved | `boolean` | When this is true, parameter values are serialized using reserved expansion, as defined by [RFC6570](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6570#section-3.2.3), which allows [RFC3986's reserved character set](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.2), as well as percent-encoded triples, to pass through unchanged, while still percent-encoding all other disallowed characters (including `%` outside of percent-encoded triples). Applications are still responsible for percent-encoding reserved characters that are [not allowed in the query string](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.4) (`[`, `]`, `#`), or have a special meaning in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` (`-`, `&`, `+`); see [URL Percent-Encoding](#url-percent-encoding) for details. This field only applies to parameters with an `in` value of `query`. The default value is `false`. |
-| <a name="parameter-schema"></a>schema | [Schema Object](#schema-object) | The schema defining the type used for the parameter. |
+| <a name="parameter-schema"></a>schema | [Schema Object](#schema-object) | The schema defining the type and other constraints used for the parameter. |
 | <a name="parameter-example"></a>example | Any | Example of the parameter's potential value; see [Working With Examples](#working-with-examples). |
 | <a name="parameter-examples"></a>examples | Map[ `string`, [Example Object](#example-object) \| [Reference Object](#reference-object)] | Examples of the parameter's potential value; see [Working With Examples](#working-with-examples). |
 
@@ -1277,14 +1277,14 @@ The following table shows serialized examples, as would be shown with the `examp
 | label | true | _empty_ | .blue | .blue.black.brown | .R=100.G=200.B=150 |
 | simple | false | _empty_ | blue | blue,black,brown | R,100,G,200,B,150 |
 | simple | true | _empty_ | blue | blue,black,brown | R=100,G=200,B=150 |
-| form | false | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue,black,brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R,100,G,200,B,150</span> |
-| form | true | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue&color=black&color=brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">R=100&G=200&B=150</span> |
-| spaceDelimited</span> | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue%20black%20brown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R%20100%20G%20200%20B%20150</span> |
+| form | false | color= | color=blue | color=blue,black,brown | color=R,100,G,200,B,150 |
+| form | true | color= | color=blue | color=blue&color=black&color=brown | R=100&G=200&B=150 |
+| spaceDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color=blue%20black%20brown | color=R%20100%20G%20200%20B%20150 |
 | spaceDelimited | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ |
-| pipeDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=blue%7Cblack%7Cbrown</span> | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color=R%7C100%7CG%7C200%7CB%7C150</span> |
+| pipeDelimited | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color=blue%7Cblack%7Cbrown | color=R%7C100%7CG%7C200%7CB%7C150 |
 | pipeDelimited | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ |
 | deepObject | false | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ |
-| deepObject | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | <span style="white-space: nowrap;">color%5BR%5D=100&color%5BG%5D=200&color%5BB%5D=150</span> |
+| deepObject | true | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | _n/a_ | color%5BR%5D=100&color%5BG%5D=200&color%5BB%5D=150 |
 
 ##### Parameter Object Examples
 
@@ -4361,7 +4361,7 @@ parameters:
     type: string
 ```
 
-This example is equivalent to RFC6570's `{?foo*,bar}`, and **NOT** `{?foo*}{&bar}`. The latter is problematic because if `foo` is not defined, the result will be an invalid URI.
+This example is equivalent to RFC6570's `{?foo*,bar}`, and **NOT** `{?foo*}{&bar}`. The latter is problematic because if `foo` is not defined (see [RFC6570 §2.3](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570#section-2.3) for details on what is considered undefined), the result will be an invalid URI.
 The `&` prefix operator has no equivalent in the Parameter Object.
 
 Note that RFC6570 does not specify behavior for compound values beyond the single level addressed by `explode`. The result of using objects or arrays where no behavior is clearly specified for them is implementation-defined.
@@ -4423,6 +4423,7 @@ parameters:
     type: array
     items:
       type: string
+  explode: false
 ```
 
 This translates to the following URI Template:
diff --git a/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml b/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
index f4059cb1d3..565fe8545f 100644
--- a/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
+++ b/src/schemas/validation/schema.yaml
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@ $defs:
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-header'
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-query'
           - $ref: '#/$defs/parameter/dependentSchemas/schema/$defs/styles-for-cookie'
-          - $ref: '#/$defs/styles-for-form'
 
         $defs:
           styles-for-path:
@@ -369,6 +368,8 @@ $defs:
                   const: path
             then:
               properties:
+                name:
+                  pattern: '^[^{}]+$'
                 style:
                   default: simple
                   enum:
@@ -377,6 +378,8 @@ $defs:
                     - simple
                 required:
                   const: true
+                explode:
+                  default: false
               required:
                 - required
 
@@ -390,6 +393,8 @@ $defs:
                 style:
                   default: simple
                   const: simple
+                explode:
+                  default: false
 
           styles-for-query:
             if:
@@ -408,6 +413,7 @@ $defs:
                 allowReserved:
                   default: false
                   type: boolean
+              $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
 
           styles-for-cookie:
             if:
@@ -419,6 +425,7 @@ $defs:
                 style:
                   default: form
                   const: form
+              $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
 
     $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
     unevaluatedProperties: false
@@ -508,6 +515,7 @@ $defs:
         properties:
           allowReserved:
             default: false
+        $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
       explode:
         properties:
           style:
@@ -518,9 +526,8 @@ $defs:
         properties:
           style:
             default: form
-    allOf:
-      - $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
-      - $ref: '#/$defs/styles-for-form'
+        $ref: '#/$defs/explode-for-form'
+    $ref: '#/$defs/specification-extensions'
     unevaluatedProperties: false
 
   responses:
@@ -956,13 +963,12 @@ $defs:
     additionalProperties:
       type: string
 
-  styles-for-form:
+  explode-for-form:
+    $comment: for encoding objects, and query and cookie parameters, style=form is the default
     if:
       properties:
         style:
           const: form
-      required:
-        - style
     then:
       properties:
         explode:
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0babaf22df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/header-object-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: "allowReserved only permitted with in: query"
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  headers:
+    Style:
+      schema:
+        type: array
+      style: simple
+      explode: true
+      allowReserved: true
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee88d3ac79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-cookie-form-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    style_form:
+      name: my_form_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      # default style is form, therefore allowReserved is allowed
+      allowReserved: true
+      schema: {}
+    style_cookie:
+      name: my_cookie_cookie
+      in: cookie
+      style: cookie
+      # no percent decoding for style=cookie, therefore allowReserved is not allowed
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b956a080d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-header-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: allowReserved only permitted with in and style values that percent-encode
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    header:
+      name: my-header
+      in: header
+      allowReserved: false
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09a5f94a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/fail/parameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: "allowReserved only permitted with in: query"
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    path:
+      name: my-path
+      in: path
+      allowReserved: false
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/failparameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/failparameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d01ac62e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/failparameter-object-path-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: api
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    path:
+      name: my-path
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      allowReserved: false
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
index 7b91efbbae..305e598486 100644
--- a/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/header-object-examples.yaml
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ components:
       schema:
         type: array
       style: simple
-      explode: true
\ No newline at end of file
+      explode: true
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
index fe6a13ea7c..30c7b29058 100644
--- a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-examples.yaml
@@ -9,21 +9,23 @@ paths:
         in: header
         description: token to be passed as a header
         required: true
+        explode: false
         schema:
           type: array
           items:
             type: integer
             format: int64
         style: simple
-      - name: username
+      - name: usernames
         in: path
-        description: username to fetch
+        description: usernames to fetch
         required: true
+        explode: false
         schema:
-          type: string
+          type: array
       - name: id
         in: query
-        description: ID of the object to fetch
+        description: IDs of the object to fetch
         required: false
         schema:
           type: array
@@ -51,4 +53,9 @@ paths:
                 lat:
                   type: number
                 long:
-                  type: number
\ No newline at end of file
+                  type: number
+      - in: cookie
+        name: my_cookie1
+        style: form
+        explode: false
+        schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26f89ab781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/parameter-object-query-allowReserved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: "allowReserved only permitted with in: query"
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    my_query:
+      name: my_query
+      in: query
+      allowReserved: true
+      schema: {}
diff --git a/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml b/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3942bdc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/pass/style-defaults.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: various permutations of parameter objects, with non-required values left to their defaults
+  version: 1.0.0
+components:
+  parameters:
+    encoding_object_defaults:
+      name: encoding_object_defaults
+      in: path
+      content:
+        encoding_object_defaults:   # media type name
+          encoding:
+            no_styles:              # property name
+              x-comment: "style, explode and allowReserved are not present, so contentType is used; no defaults expected as default contentType cannot be determined by the schema"
+            style_form:
+              x-comment: "expecting defaults: explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+              style: form
+            style_spaceDelimited:
+              x-comment: "expecting defaults: explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+              style: spaceDelimited
+            explode:
+              x-comment: "expecting defaults: style=form, allowReserved=false"
+              explode: false
+            allowReserved:
+              x-comment: "expecting default: style=form, explode=true"
+              allowReserved: true
+    path_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false"
+      name: path_media-type
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    path_simple:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, style=simple, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_simple
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      schema: {}
+    path_matrix:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_matrix
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      style: matrix
+      schema: {}
+    path_label:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: path_label
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      style: label
+      schema: {}
+    query_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false"
+      name: query_media_type
+      in: query
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    query_form:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, style=form, explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_form
+      in: query
+      schema: {}
+    query_spaceDelimited:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_spaceDelimited
+      in: query
+      style: spaceDelimited
+      schema: {}
+    query_pipeDelimited:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_pipeDelimited
+      in: query
+      style: pipeDelimited
+      schema: {}
+    query_deepObject:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, allowEmptyValue=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: query_deepObject
+      in: query
+      style: deepObject
+      schema: {}
+    header:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: deprecated=false, style=simple, explode=false, allowReserved=false"
+      name: header
+      in: path
+      required: true
+      schema: {}
+    cookie_media_type:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false"
+      name: cookie_media_type
+      in: cookie
+      content:
+        text/*:
+          schema: {}
+    cookie_form:
+      x-comment: "expecting defaults: required=false, deprecated=false, style=form, explode=true, allowReserved=false"
+      name: cookie_form
+      in: cookie
+      schema: {}