From 1a0a753bc289b28f781e77553518130e80e1192a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 23:22:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] Suppress pip cache and root-user warnings in Linux
 container CI jobs

Set PIP_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/pip-cache and PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore in the
container env for test-wheel-linux and coverage-linux jobs. These jobs
run as root in Ubuntu containers where /github/home/.cache/pip is not
writable, causing ~54 harmless warnings per CI run.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/coverage.yml         | 2 ++
 .github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index 354af0959c..ea3a06a8e8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ jobs:
       image: ubuntu:22.04
       env:
         NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: ${{ env.NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES }}
+        PIP_CACHE_DIR: "/tmp/pip-cache"
+        PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     steps:
       - name: Ensure GPU is working
         run: nvidia-smi
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
index cbdae6e7de..2ebfcefad0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ jobs:
       image: ubuntu:22.04
       env:
         NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: ${{ env.NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES }}
+        PIP_CACHE_DIR: "/tmp/pip-cache"
+        PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     steps:
       - name: Ensure GPU is working
         run: nvidia-smi

From c938310fa9037760c02fa01725c2a6b5deee3bda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 01:10:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] Move PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION from container.env to job-level
 env

The pip root-user warning was still appearing because actions/setup-python
runs its internal "pip upgrade" on the host runner, not inside the
container. Container-level env vars are invisible to host-side actions.
Moving PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION to the job-level env block makes it available
to both host-side actions (setup-python) and container-side run steps.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/coverage.yml         | 5 ++++-
 .github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml | 6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index ea3a06a8e8..7a362b0a63 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ jobs:
       HOST_PLATFORM: "linux-64"
       ARCH: "x86_64"
       CUDA_VER: ${{ needs.coverage-vars.outputs.CUDA_VER }}
+      # Suppress pip warnings in container jobs running as root.
+      # This must be at the job level (not container.env) so that actions
+      # running on the host (e.g. setup-python's internal pip upgrade) also see it.
+      PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     # Our self-hosted runners require a container
     # TODO: use a different (nvidia?) container
     container:
@@ -51,7 +55,6 @@ jobs:
       env:
         NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: ${{ env.NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES }}
         PIP_CACHE_DIR: "/tmp/pip-cache"
-        PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     steps:
       - name: Ensure GPU is working
         run: nvidia-smi
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
index 2ebfcefad0..65a0fd6ac4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: "linux-${{ matrix.ARCH }}-gpu-${{ matrix.GPU }}-${{ matrix.DRIVER }}-${{ matrix.GPU_COUNT }}"
     # The build stage could fail but we want the CI to keep moving.
     if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'nvidia' && !cancelled() }}
+    env:
+      # Suppress pip warnings in container jobs running as root.
+      # This must be at the job level (not container.env) so that actions
+      # running on the host (e.g. setup-python's internal pip upgrade) also see it.
+      PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     # Our self-hosted runners require a container
     # TODO: use a different (nvidia?) container
     container:
@@ -86,7 +91,6 @@ jobs:
       env:
         NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: ${{ env.NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES }}
         PIP_CACHE_DIR: "/tmp/pip-cache"
-        PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     steps:
       - name: Ensure GPU is working
         run: nvidia-smi

From bd7f5c094e11508a60f2363c004a67fb01f48788 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 04:05:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Revert PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION changes (ineffective for
 setup-python)

The pip root-user warning originates from actions/setup-python's
internal ensurepip call, which deliberately strips all PIP_* env vars
(CPython design, see python/cpython#139363). Neither container.env
nor job-level env can suppress it. See PR comment for full analysis.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/coverage.yml         | 4 ----
 .github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml | 5 -----
 2 files changed, 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index 7a362b0a63..e862867b3d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ jobs:
       HOST_PLATFORM: "linux-64"
       ARCH: "x86_64"
       CUDA_VER: ${{ needs.coverage-vars.outputs.CUDA_VER }}
-      # Suppress pip warnings in container jobs running as root.
-      # This must be at the job level (not container.env) so that actions
-      # running on the host (e.g. setup-python's internal pip upgrade) also see it.
-      PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     # Our self-hosted runners require a container
     # TODO: use a different (nvidia?) container
     container:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
index 65a0fd6ac4..2baf86eee8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-wheel-linux.yml
@@ -78,11 +78,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: "linux-${{ matrix.ARCH }}-gpu-${{ matrix.GPU }}-${{ matrix.DRIVER }}-${{ matrix.GPU_COUNT }}"
     # The build stage could fail but we want the CI to keep moving.
     if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'nvidia' && !cancelled() }}
-    env:
-      # Suppress pip warnings in container jobs running as root.
-      # This must be at the job level (not container.env) so that actions
-      # running on the host (e.g. setup-python's internal pip upgrade) also see it.
-      PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION: "ignore"
     # Our self-hosted runners require a container
     # TODO: use a different (nvidia?) container
     container:

From 38416ad9d9c4568156914ab842e343b6c4d6e968 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 04:24:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] Bump actions/cache to v5.0.4 (node24) and disable sccache
 annotations

- Update actions/cache from v4.2.3 (node20) to v5.0.4 (node24) in
  fetch_ctk to eliminate Node.js 20 deprecation warnings. All runners
  are on v2.332+ (v5 requires >= 2.327.1).
- Set disable_annotations on sccache-action to suppress the cache
  stats notice annotations and job summaries.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/actions/fetch_ctk/action.yml | 4 ++--
 .github/workflows/build-wheel.yml    | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/fetch_ctk/action.yml b/.github/actions/fetch_ctk/action.yml
index e938fcc5b3..43a4887b02 100644
--- a/.github/actions/fetch_ctk/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/fetch_ctk/action.yml
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Download CTK cache
       id: ctk-get-cache
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684  # v4.2.3
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7  # v5.0.4
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         key: ${{ env.CTK_CACHE_KEY }}
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ runs:
     - name: Upload CTK cache
       if: ${{ !cancelled() &&
               steps.ctk-get-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-      uses: actions/cache/save@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684  # v4.2.3
+      uses: actions/cache/save@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7  # v5.0.4
       with:
         key: ${{ env.CTK_CACHE_KEY }}
         path: ./${{ env.CTK_CACHE_FILENAME }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
index eb084c429d..f3087df29f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ jobs:
       # are exposed by this action.
       - name: Enable sccache
         uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@7d986dd989559c6ecdb630a3fd2557667be217ad  # 0.0.9
+        with:
+          disable_annotations: 'true'
 
       # xref: https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/42856#discussioncomment-7678867
       - name: Adding addtional GHA cache-related env vars

From e5b7d5350cd7b42c92fe049c91b3e0a8806eac40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 13:07:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] Bump doc_preview actions to node24-compatible versions
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action: v4.7.3 (node20) → v4.8.0 (node24)
- marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment: v2.9.2 (node20) → v3.0.3 (node24)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/actions/doc_preview/action.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/doc_preview/action.yml b/.github/actions/doc_preview/action.yml
index e427c298a5..0c60b899fb 100644
--- a/.github/actions/doc_preview/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/doc_preview/action.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ runs:
     # Note: the PR previews will be removed once merged to main or release/* (see below)
     - name: Deploy doc preview
       if: ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release/') }}
-      uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@6c2d9db40f9296374acc17b90404b6e8864128c8  # v4.7.3
+      uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@d92aa235d04922e8f08b40ce78cc5442fcfbfa2f  # v4.8.0
       with:
         git-config-name: cuda-python-bot
         git-config-email: cuda-python-bot@users.noreply.github.com
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Leave a comment after deployment
       if: ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release/') }}
-      uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@67d0dec7b07ed060a405f9b2a64b8ab319fdd7db  # v2.9.2
+      uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@d4d6b0936434b21bc8345ad45a440c5f7d2c40ff  # v3.0.3
       with:
         header: pr-preview
         number: ${{ inputs.pr-number }}
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ runs:
     # The steps below are executed only when building on main or release/*.
     - name: Remove doc preview
       if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' || startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release/') }}
-      uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@6c2d9db40f9296374acc17b90404b6e8864128c8  # v4.7.3
+      uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@d92aa235d04922e8f08b40ce78cc5442fcfbfa2f  # v4.8.0
       with:
         git-config-name: cuda-python-bot
         git-config-email: cuda-python-bot@users.noreply.github.com
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Leave a comment after removal
       if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' || startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release/') }}
-      uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@67d0dec7b07ed060a405f9b2a64b8ab319fdd7db  # v2.9.2
+      uses: marocchino/sticky-pull-request-comment@d4d6b0936434b21bc8345ad45a440c5f7d2c40ff  # v3.0.3
       with:
         header: pr-preview
         number: ${{ inputs.pr-number }}

From 5984786612823d0fec0655644e4e172ad14fc4ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 14:04:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] Add sccache-summary action and surface container stats in
 job summary

sccache stats were previously lost because cibuildwheel runs compilation
inside a manylinux container with its own sccache server instance, while
sccache-action on the host sees 0 hits.

Fix by dumping sccache stats JSON from inside the container to the host
filesystem (via /host/ mount), then reading it in a new composite action
that writes a formatted table to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.

Inspired by NVIDIA/cccl PR #3621.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 .github/workflows/build-wheel.yml          | 30 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml

diff --git a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b38df8f798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+name: sccache summary
+description: Parse sccache stats JSON and write a summary table to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+# Inspired by NVIDIA/cccl's prepare-execution-summary.py (PR #3621).
+# Only counts C/C++ and CUDA language hits (excludes PTX/CUBIN which are
+# not included in sccache's compile_requests counter).
+
+inputs:
+  json-file:
+    description: "Path to the sccache stats JSON file (from sccache --show-stats --stats-format=json)"
+    required: true
+  label:
+    description: "Label for the stats row (e.g. cuda.bindings, cuda.core)"
+    required: false
+    default: "sccache"
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Report sccache stats
+      shell: bash --noprofile --norc -euo pipefail {0}
+      run: |
+        json_file="${{ inputs.json-file }}"
+        label="${{ inputs.label }}"
+
+        if [ ! -f "$json_file" ]; then
+          echo "::warning::sccache stats file not found: $json_file"
+          exit 0
+        fi
+
+        python3 - "$json_file" "$label" <<'PYEOF'
+        import json, sys
+
+        json_file, label = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+        with open(json_file) as f:
+            stats = json.load(f)["stats"]
+
+        requests = stats.get("compile_requests", 0)
+        # Only count C/C++ and CUDA hits (PTX/CUBIN are not in compile_requests)
+        counted_languages = {"C/C++", "CUDA"}
+        hits = sum(
+            v for k, v in stats.get("cache_hits", {}).get("counts", {}).items()
+            if k in counted_languages
+        )
+        misses = requests - hits
+        pct = int(100 * hits / requests) if requests > 0 else 0
+
+        with open(sys.argv[1].replace(".json", "") + "_summary.md", "w") as out:
+            out.write(f"### \U0001f4ca {label} — sccache stats\n")
+            out.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
+            out.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
+            out.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {requests} |\n")
+
+        # Also write to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+        import os
+        summary_file = os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY", "")
+        if summary_file:
+            with open(summary_file, "a") as sf:
+                sf.write(f"### \U0001f4ca {label} — sccache stats\n")
+                sf.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
+                sf.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
+                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {requests} |\n\n")
+
+        print(f"{label}: {pct}% hit rate ({hits}/{requests})")
+        PYEOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
index f3087df29f..dbb6fcdb41 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
@@ -177,13 +177,21 @@ jobs:
             CUDA_PYTHON_PARALLEL_LEVEL=${{ env.CUDA_PYTHON_PARALLEL_LEVEL }}
           # check cache stats before leaving cibuildwheel
           CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_LINUX: >
-            "/host/${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats
+            "/host/${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats &&
+            "/host/${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats --stats-format=json > /host/${{ github.workspace }}/sccache_bindings.json
           # force the test stage to be run (so that before-test is not skipped)
           # TODO: we might want to think twice on adding this, it does a lot of
           # things before reaching this command.
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >
             echo "ok!"
 
+      - name: Report sccache stats (cuda.bindings)
+        if: ${{ inputs.host-platform != 'win-64' }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sccache-summary
+        with:
+          json-file: sccache_bindings.json
+          label: "cuda.bindings"
+
       - name: List the cuda.bindings artifacts directory
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ inputs.host-platform }}" == win* ]]; then
@@ -235,13 +243,21 @@ jobs:
             PIP_FIND_LINKS="$(cygpath -w ${{ env.CUDA_BINDINGS_ARTIFACTS_DIR }})"
           # check cache stats before leaving cibuildwheel
           CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_LINUX: >
-            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats
+            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats &&
+            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats --stats-format=json > /host/${{ github.workspace }}/sccache_core.json
           # force the test stage to be run (so that before-test is not skipped)
           # TODO: we might want to think twice on adding this, it does a lot of
           # things before reaching this command.
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >
             echo "ok!"
 
+      - name: Report sccache stats (cuda.core)
+        if: ${{ inputs.host-platform != 'win-64' }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sccache-summary
+        with:
+          json-file: sccache_core.json
+          label: "cuda.core"
+
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ inputs.host-platform }}" == win* ]]; then
@@ -414,13 +430,21 @@ jobs:
             PIP_FIND_LINKS="$(cygpath -w ${{ env.CUDA_BINDINGS_ARTIFACTS_DIR }})"
           # check cache stats before leaving cibuildwheel
           CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_LINUX: >
-            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats
+            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats &&
+            "/host${{ env.SCCACHE_PATH }}" --show-stats --stats-format=json > /host/${{ github.workspace }}/sccache_core_prev.json
           # force the test stage to be run (so that before-test is not skipped)
           # TODO: we might want to think twice on adding this, it does a lot of
           # things before reaching this command.
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >
             echo "ok!"
 
+      - name: Report sccache stats (cuda.core prev)
+        if: ${{ inputs.host-platform != 'win-64' }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/sccache-summary
+        with:
+          json-file: sccache_core_prev.json
+          label: "cuda.core (prev CTK)"
+
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ inputs.host-platform }}" == win* ]]; then

From a3f9a2bec6408c3f1a451874ad33fffb824ba711 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 17:19:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] Fix sccache hit rate calculation and add step link hint

- Use cache_hits + cache_misses (per language) as the denominator
  instead of compile_requests, which includes non-compilation calls
  (linker invocations, etc). This matches sccache's own hit rate.
- Add build-step input to reference the cibuildwheel step name in
  the summary for easier navigation to full stats.
- Remove intermediate summary file; only write to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml | 56 +++++++++++++---------
 .github/workflows/build-wheel.yml          |  3 ++
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
index b38df8f798..5881f6a3ca 100644
--- a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
@@ -17,53 +17,65 @@ inputs:
     description: "Label for the stats row (e.g. cuda.bindings, cuda.core)"
     required: false
     default: "sccache"
+  build-step:
+    description: "Name of the cibuildwheel build step (for deep-link in summary)"
+    required: false
+    default: ""
 
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: Report sccache stats
       shell: bash --noprofile --norc -euo pipefail {0}
+      env:
+        SCCACHE_JSON: ${{ inputs.json-file }}
+        SCCACHE_LABEL: ${{ inputs.label }}
+        SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP: ${{ inputs.build-step }}
       run: |
-        json_file="${{ inputs.json-file }}"
-        label="${{ inputs.label }}"
-
-        if [ ! -f "$json_file" ]; then
-          echo "::warning::sccache stats file not found: $json_file"
+        if [ ! -f "$SCCACHE_JSON" ]; then
+          echo "::warning::sccache stats file not found: $SCCACHE_JSON"
           exit 0
         fi
 
-        python3 - "$json_file" "$label" <<'PYEOF'
-        import json, sys
+        python3 - <<'PYEOF'
+        import json, os, urllib.parse
+
+        json_file = os.environ["SCCACHE_JSON"]
+        label = os.environ["SCCACHE_LABEL"]
+        build_step = os.environ.get("SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP", "")
 
-        json_file, label = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
         with open(json_file) as f:
             stats = json.load(f)["stats"]
 
-        requests = stats.get("compile_requests", 0)
-        # Only count C/C++ and CUDA hits (PTX/CUBIN are not in compile_requests)
+        # compile_requests includes non-compilation calls (linker, etc).
+        # Use cache_hits + cache_misses as the denominator to match sccache's
+        # own "Cache hits rate" which only counts actual compilation requests.
         counted_languages = {"C/C++", "CUDA"}
         hits = sum(
             v for k, v in stats.get("cache_hits", {}).get("counts", {}).items()
             if k in counted_languages
         )
-        misses = requests - hits
-        pct = int(100 * hits / requests) if requests > 0 else 0
+        misses = sum(
+            v for k, v in stats.get("cache_misses", {}).get("counts", {}).items()
+            if k in counted_languages
+        )
+        total = hits + misses
+        pct = int(100 * hits / total) if total > 0 else 0
 
-        with open(sys.argv[1].replace(".json", "") + "_summary.md", "w") as out:
-            out.write(f"### \U0001f4ca {label} — sccache stats\n")
-            out.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
-            out.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
-            out.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {requests} |\n")
+        # Build a deep-link to the cibuildwheel step if step name is provided.
+        # GHA step summary links use the format: #step:N:L but we can't know the
+        # step number here. Instead, link to the job page with a search hint.
+        link_note = ""
+        if build_step:
+            link_note = f"\n\n_Full stats in the **{build_step}** step log._\n"
 
-        # Also write to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-        import os
         summary_file = os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY", "")
         if summary_file:
             with open(summary_file, "a") as sf:
-                sf.write(f"### \U0001f4ca {label} — sccache stats\n")
+                sf.write(f"### 📊 {label} — sccache stats\n")
                 sf.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
                 sf.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
-                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {requests} |\n\n")
+                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {total} |{link_note}\n")
 
-        print(f"{label}: {pct}% hit rate ({hits}/{requests})")
+        print(f"{label}: {pct}% hit rate ({hits}/{total})")
         PYEOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
index dbb6fcdb41..912ea5de0b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_bindings.json
           label: "cuda.bindings"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.bindings wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.bindings artifacts directory
         run: |
@@ -257,6 +258,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core.json
           label: "cuda.core"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |
@@ -444,6 +446,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core_prev.json
           label: "cuda.core (prev CTK)"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |

From f4ed3f35c5524b2c7bccd3fd54920f22204d6f67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 17:25:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Remove build-step input from sccache-summary action

GHA has no construct to reference a previous step's name dynamically
(steps context only exposes outcome/conclusion/outputs). The label
input already identifies which build produced the stats, so the
hardcoded build-step name is redundant.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml | 17 ++---------------
 .github/workflows/build-wheel.yml          |  3 ---
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
index 5881f6a3ca..ae3c907f21 100644
--- a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ inputs:
     description: "Label for the stats row (e.g. cuda.bindings, cuda.core)"
     required: false
     default: "sccache"
-  build-step:
-    description: "Name of the cibuildwheel build step (for deep-link in summary)"
-    required: false
-    default: ""
 
 runs:
   using: composite
@@ -30,7 +26,6 @@ runs:
       env:
         SCCACHE_JSON: ${{ inputs.json-file }}
         SCCACHE_LABEL: ${{ inputs.label }}
-        SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP: ${{ inputs.build-step }}
       run: |
         if [ ! -f "$SCCACHE_JSON" ]; then
           echo "::warning::sccache stats file not found: $SCCACHE_JSON"
@@ -38,11 +33,10 @@ runs:
         fi
 
         python3 - <<'PYEOF'
-        import json, os, urllib.parse
+        import json, os
 
         json_file = os.environ["SCCACHE_JSON"]
         label = os.environ["SCCACHE_LABEL"]
-        build_step = os.environ.get("SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP", "")
 
         with open(json_file) as f:
             stats = json.load(f)["stats"]
@@ -62,20 +56,13 @@ runs:
         total = hits + misses
         pct = int(100 * hits / total) if total > 0 else 0
 
-        # Build a deep-link to the cibuildwheel step if step name is provided.
-        # GHA step summary links use the format: #step:N:L but we can't know the
-        # step number here. Instead, link to the job page with a search hint.
-        link_note = ""
-        if build_step:
-            link_note = f"\n\n_Full stats in the **{build_step}** step log._\n"
-
         summary_file = os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY", "")
         if summary_file:
             with open(summary_file, "a") as sf:
                 sf.write(f"### 📊 {label} — sccache stats\n")
                 sf.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
                 sf.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
-                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {total} |{link_note}\n")
+                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {total} |\n\n")
 
         print(f"{label}: {pct}% hit rate ({hits}/{total})")
         PYEOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
index 912ea5de0b..dbb6fcdb41 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
@@ -191,7 +191,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_bindings.json
           label: "cuda.bindings"
-          build-step: "Build cuda.bindings wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.bindings artifacts directory
         run: |
@@ -258,7 +257,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core.json
           label: "cuda.core"
-          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |
@@ -446,7 +444,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core_prev.json
           label: "cuda.core (prev CTK)"
-          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |

From e7b77662ddcbe9ccf6517f53fd48aa90b01e9eea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leo Fang <leof@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 17:41:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] Revert "Remove build-step input from sccache-summary
 action"

This reverts commit f4ed3f35c5524b2c7bccd3fd54920f22204d6f67.
---
 .github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 .github/workflows/build-wheel.yml          |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
index ae3c907f21..5881f6a3ca 100644
--- a/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/sccache-summary/action.yml
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ inputs:
     description: "Label for the stats row (e.g. cuda.bindings, cuda.core)"
     required: false
     default: "sccache"
+  build-step:
+    description: "Name of the cibuildwheel build step (for deep-link in summary)"
+    required: false
+    default: ""
 
 runs:
   using: composite
@@ -26,6 +30,7 @@ runs:
       env:
         SCCACHE_JSON: ${{ inputs.json-file }}
         SCCACHE_LABEL: ${{ inputs.label }}
+        SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP: ${{ inputs.build-step }}
       run: |
         if [ ! -f "$SCCACHE_JSON" ]; then
           echo "::warning::sccache stats file not found: $SCCACHE_JSON"
@@ -33,10 +38,11 @@ runs:
         fi
 
         python3 - <<'PYEOF'
-        import json, os
+        import json, os, urllib.parse
 
         json_file = os.environ["SCCACHE_JSON"]
         label = os.environ["SCCACHE_LABEL"]
+        build_step = os.environ.get("SCCACHE_BUILD_STEP", "")
 
         with open(json_file) as f:
             stats = json.load(f)["stats"]
@@ -56,13 +62,20 @@ runs:
         total = hits + misses
         pct = int(100 * hits / total) if total > 0 else 0
 
+        # Build a deep-link to the cibuildwheel step if step name is provided.
+        # GHA step summary links use the format: #step:N:L but we can't know the
+        # step number here. Instead, link to the job page with a search hint.
+        link_note = ""
+        if build_step:
+            link_note = f"\n\n_Full stats in the **{build_step}** step log._\n"
+
         summary_file = os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY", "")
         if summary_file:
             with open(summary_file, "a") as sf:
                 sf.write(f"### 📊 {label} — sccache stats\n")
                 sf.write("| Hit Rate | Hits | Misses | Requests |\n")
                 sf.write("|----------|------|--------|----------|\n")
-                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {total} |\n\n")
+                sf.write(f"| {pct}% | {hits} | {misses} | {total} |{link_note}\n")
 
         print(f"{label}: {pct}% hit rate ({hits}/{total})")
         PYEOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
index dbb6fcdb41..912ea5de0b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_bindings.json
           label: "cuda.bindings"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.bindings wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.bindings artifacts directory
         run: |
@@ -257,6 +258,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core.json
           label: "cuda.core"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |
@@ -444,6 +446,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           json-file: sccache_core_prev.json
           label: "cuda.core (prev CTK)"
+          build-step: "Build cuda.core wheel"
 
       - name: List the cuda.core artifacts directory and rename
         run: |