refactor(python): drop support for 3.9, document 3.14 support (#1069)

* chore(python): drop support for Python 3.9

* chore: remove 3.9 from the build matrix

* chore: update pypi classifiers

* chore: bump ruff python lower bound

* chore: bump mypy python lower bound

* chore(autofix): ruff typing lints

* chore(lint): ignore rule B905

* chore: disable attr-defined for incorrect mypy failure

* chore: remove no-longer-necessary warning

Author: cpcloud

.github/workflows/build-wheel.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ flowchart TD
             B2["linux-aarch64<br/>(Self-hosted)"]
             B3["win-64<br/>(GitHub-hosted)"]
         end
-        BUILD_DETAILS["• Python versions: 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13<br/>• CUDA version: 13.0.0 (build-time)<br/>• Components: cuda-core, cuda-bindings,<br/>  cuda-pathfinder, cuda-python"]
+        BUILD_DETAILS["• Python versions: 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14<br/>• CUDA version: 13.0.0 (build-time)<br/>• Components: cuda-core, cuda-bindings,<br/>  cuda-pathfinder, cuda-python"]
     end
 
     %% Artifact Storage

ci/test-matrix.json

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
   "_notes": "DRIVER: 'earliest' does not work with CUDA 12.9.1 and LOCAL_CTK: 0 does not work with CUDA 12.0.1",
   "linux": {
     "pull-request": [
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.11", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
@@ -17,8 +15,6 @@
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.13t", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.14", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.14t", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.11", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
@@ -32,11 +28,6 @@
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.14t", "CUDA_VER": "13.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" }
     ],
     "nightly": [
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "earliest" },
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "earliest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "12.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
@@ -57,11 +48,6 @@
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.13", "CUDA_VER": "12.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.13", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "amd64", "PY_VER": "3.13", "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "l4", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "earliest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
-      { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.9",  "CUDA_VER": "12.9.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "0", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "earliest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "11.8.0", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },
       { "ARCH": "arm64", "PY_VER": "3.10", "CUDA_VER": "12.0.1", "LOCAL_CTK": "1", "GPU": "a100", "DRIVER": "latest" },

cuda_bindings/docs/source/install.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Runtime Requirements
 ``cuda.bindings`` supports the same platforms as CUDA. Runtime dependencies are:
 
 * Linux (x86-64, arm64) and Windows (x86-64)
-* Python 3.9 - 3.13
+* Python 3.10 - 3.14
 * Driver: Linux (580.65.06 or later) Windows (580.88 or later)
 * Optionally, NVRTC, nvJitLink, NVVM, and cuFile from CUDA Toolkit 13.x
 

cuda_bindings/docs/source/support.rst

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The ``cuda.bindings`` module has the following support policy:
    depends on the underlying driver and the Toolkit versions, as described in the compatibility
    documentation.)
 4. The module supports all Python versions following the `CPython EOL schedule`_. As of writing
-   Python 3.9 - 3.13 are supported.
+   Python 3.10 - 3.14 are supported.
 5. The module exposes a Cython layer from which types and functions could be ``cimport``'d. While
    we strive to keep this layer stable, due to Cython limitations a new *minor* release of this
    module could require Cython layer users to rebuild their projects and update their pinning to

cuda_bindings/pyproject.toml

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@ name = "cuda-bindings"
 description = "Python bindings for CUDA"
 authors = [{name = "NVIDIA Corporation", email = "cuda-python-conduct@nvidia.com"},]
 license = "LicenseRef-NVIDIA-SOFTWARE-LICENSE"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Topic :: Database",
     "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
     "Environment :: GPU :: NVIDIA CUDA",
 ]
 dynamic = [

cuda_core/cuda/core/experimental/__init__.py

@@ -26,17 +26,6 @@
 finally:
     del cuda.bindings, importlib, subdir, cuda_major, cuda_minor
 
-import sys  # noqa: E402
-import warnings  # noqa: E402
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
-    warnings.warn(
-        "support for Python 3.9 and below is deprecated and subject to future removal",
-        category=FutureWarning,
-        stacklevel=1,
-    )
-del sys, warnings
-
 from cuda.core.experimental import utils  # noqa: E402
 from cuda.core.experimental._device import Device  # noqa: E402
 from cuda.core.experimental._event import Event, EventOptions  # noqa: E402

cuda_core/cuda/core/experimental/_device.pyx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from cuda.bindings cimport cydriver
 from cuda.core.experimental._utils.cuda_utils cimport HANDLE_RETURN
 
 import threading
-from typing import Optional, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from cuda.core.experimental._context import Context, ContextOptions
 from cuda.core.experimental._event import Event, EventOptions
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ class Device:
     """
     __slots__ = ("_id", "_mr", "_has_inited", "_properties")
 
-    def __new__(cls, device_id: Optional[int] = None):
+    def __new__(cls, device_id: int | None = None):
         global _is_cuInit
         if _is_cuInit is False:
             with _lock, nogil:
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ class Device:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("WIP: https://github.com/NVIDIA/cuda-python/issues/189")
 
-    def create_stream(self, obj: Optional[IsStreamT] = None, options: Optional[StreamOptions] = None) -> Stream:
+    def create_stream(self, obj: IsStreamT | None = None, options: StreamOptions | None = None) -> Stream:
         """Create a Stream object.
 
         New stream objects can be created in two different ways:
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ class Device:
         self._check_context_initialized()
         return Stream._init(obj=obj, options=options, device_id=self._id)
 
-    def create_event(self, options: Optional[EventOptions] = None) -> Event:
+    def create_event(self, options: EventOptions | None = None) -> Event:
         """Create an Event object without recording it to a Stream.
 
         Note
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ class Device:
         ctx = self._get_current_context()
         return Event._init(self._id, ctx, options)
 
-    def allocate(self, size, stream: Optional[Stream] = None) -> Buffer:
+    def allocate(self, size, stream: Stream | None = None) -> Buffer:
         """Allocate device memory from a specified stream.
 
         Allocates device memory of `size` bytes on the specified `stream`

cuda_core/cuda/core/experimental/_launch_config.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from cuda.core.experimental._device import Device
 from cuda.core.experimental._utils.cuda_utils import (
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ class LaunchConfig:
     grid: Union[tuple, int] = None
     cluster: Union[tuple, int] = None
     block: Union[tuple, int] = None
-    shmem_size: Optional[int] = None
-    cooperative_launch: Optional[bool] = False
+    shmem_size: int | None = None
+    cooperative_launch: bool | None = False
 
     def __post_init__(self):
         _lazy_init()

cuda_core/cuda/core/experimental/_linker.py

@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ def _exception_manager(self):
             # our constructor could raise, in which case there's no handle available
             error_log = self.get_error_log()
         # Starting Python 3.11 we could also use Exception.add_note() for the same purpose, but
-        # unfortunately we are still supporting Python 3.9/3.10...
+        # unfortunately we are still supporting Python 3.10...
         # Here we rely on both CUDAError and nvJitLinkError have the error string placed in .args[0].
         e.args = (e.args[0] + (f"\nLinker error log: {error_log}" if error_log else ""), *e.args[1:])
         raise e