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azure-sql/database/analyze-prevent-deadlocks.md

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In this article, we use the `AdventureWorksLT` sample database to set up alerts for deadlocks, cause an example deadlock, analyze the deadlock graph for the example deadlock, and test changes to prevent the deadlock from reoccurring.
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We use the [SQL Server Management Studio](/ssms/install/install) (SSMS) client in this article, as it contains functionality to display deadlock graphs in an interactive visual mode. You can use other clients such as the [MSSQL extension for Visual Studio Code](/sql/tools/visual-studio-code-extensions/mssql/mssql-extension-visual-studio-code), [sqlcmd](/sql/tools/sqlcmd/sqlcmd-utility), or your favorite Transact-SQL querying tool to follow along with the examples, but you might only be able to view deadlock graphs as XML.
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We use the [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](/ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms) client in this article, as it contains functionality to display deadlock graphs in an interactive visual mode. You can use other clients such as the [MSSQL extension for Visual Studio Code](/sql/tools/visual-studio-code-extensions/mssql/mssql-extension-visual-studio-code), [sqlcmd](/sql/tools/sqlcmd/sqlcmd-utility), or your favorite Transact-SQL querying tool to follow along with the examples, but you might only be able to view deadlock graphs as XML.
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### Create the AdventureWorksLT database
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azure-sql/database/connect-query-content-reference-guide.md

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| Quickstart | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQL Server Management Studio](connect-query-ssms.md) (SSMS) | This quickstart demonstrates how to use SSMS to connect to a database, and then use Transact-SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database. |
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| [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](connect-query-ssms.md) | This quickstart demonstrates how to use SSMS to connect to a database, and then use Transact-SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database. |
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| [Azure portal](connect-query-portal.md) | This quickstart demonstrates how to use the [query editor](query-editor.md) to connect to a database (Azure SQL Database only), and then use Transact-SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database. |
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| [Visual Studio Code](connect-query-vscode.md) | This quickstart demonstrates how to use Visual Studio Code to connect to a database, and then use Transact-SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database. |
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| [.NET with Visual Studio](connect-query-dotnet-visual-studio.md) | This quickstart demonstrates how to use the .NET framework to create a C# program with Visual Studio to connect to a database and use Transact-SQL statements to query data. |

azure-sql/database/monitor-tune-overview.md

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# Monitor and performance tuning in Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance
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[!INCLUDE [appliesto-sqldb-sqlmi](../includes/appliesto-sqldb-sqlmi.md)]
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To monitor the performance of a database in Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance, start by monitoring the CPU and IO resources used by your workload relative to the level of database performance you chose in selecting a particular service tier and performance level. To accomplish this, Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance emit resource metrics that can be viewed in the Azure portal or by using [SQL Server Management Studio](/sql/ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms) (SSMS), based on [Microsoft Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/).
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To monitor the performance of a database in Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance, start by monitoring the CPU and IO resources used by your workload relative to the level of database performance you chose in selecting a particular service tier and performance level. To accomplish this, Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance emit resource metrics that can be viewed in the Azure portal or by using [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](/sql/ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms), based on [Microsoft Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/).
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The following table presents a summary of monitoring capabilities in Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Studio.
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azure-sql/managed-instance/doc-changes-updates-known-issues.md

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description: Learn about the currently known issues with Azure SQL Managed Instance, and their possible workarounds or resolutions.
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author: MashaMSFT
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ms.author: mathoma
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ms.reviewer: randolphwest, mathoma
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ms.date: 08/25/2025
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ms.reviewer: randolphwest
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ms.date: 11/26/2025
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ms.service: azure-sql-managed-instance
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ms.topic: troubleshooting-known-issue
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| [Differential backups aren't taken when an instance is linked to SQL Server](#differential-backups-arent-taken-when-an-instance-is-linked-to-sql-server) | Sept 2024 | By design | |
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| [List of long-term backups in Azure portal shows backup files for active and deleted databases with the same name](#list-of-long-term-backups-in-azure-portal-shows-backup-files-for-active-and-deleted-databases-with-the-same-name) | Mar 2024 | Has Workaround | |
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| [Temporary instance inaccessibility using the failover group listener during scaling operation](#temporary-instance-inaccessibility-using-the-failover-group-listener-during-scaling-operation) | Jan 2024 | Resolved | April 2025 |
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| [The event_file target of the system_health event session is not accessible](#the-event_file-target-of-the-system_health-event-session-is-not-accessible) | Dec 2023 | Resolved | May 2025 |
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| [The event_file target of the system_health event session is not accessible](#the-event_file-target-of-the-system_health-event-session-is-not-accessible) | Dec 2023 | Partially resolved | May 2025 |
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| [Procedure sp_send_dbmail might fail when @query parameter is used on Nov22FW enabled managed instances](#procedure-sp_send_dbmail-may-fail-when-query-parameter-is-used-on-nov22fw-enabled-managed-instances) | Dec 2023 | Has Workaround | |
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| [Increased number of system logins used for transactional replication](#increased-number-of-system-logins-used-for-transactional-replication) | Dec 2022 | No resolution | |
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| [msdb table for manual backups doesn't preserve the username](#msdb-table-for-manual-backups-doesnt-preserve-the-username) | Nov 2022 | Resolved | Aug 2023 |
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### Modifying backup retention period for the free offer
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You can only modify the backup retention policy of your databases in the free SQL managed instance by using [REST API](/rest/api/sql/managed-backup-short-term-retention-policies), [PowerShell](/powershell/module/az.sql/set-azsqlinstancedatabasebackupshorttermretentionpolicy) and [Azure CLI](/cli/azure/sql/midb/short-term-retention-policy) commands. It's not possible to modify the backup retention policy through the [Azure portal](https://portal.azure.com).
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You can only modify the backup retention policy of your databases in the free SQL managed instance by using [REST API](/rest/api/sql/managed-backup-short-term-retention-policies), [PowerShell](/powershell/module/az.sql/set-azsqlinstancedatabasebackupshorttermretentionpolicy) and [Azure CLI](/cli/azure/sql/midb/short-term-retention-policy) commands. It's not possible to modify the backup retention policy through the [Azure portal](https://portal.azure.com).
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### Login to read-secondary failed due to long wait on "HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_TRANSITION_TO_VERSIONING"
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<a id="procedure-sp_send_dbmail-may-transiently-fail-when-query-parameter-is-used"></a>
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[Server Trust Groups](server-trust-group-overview.md) are used to establish trust between managed instances that is prerequisite for executing [distributed transactions](../database/elastic-transactions-overview.md). After removing the SQL managed instance from Server Trust Group or deleting the group, you still might be able to execute distributed transactions. There's a workaround you can apply to be sure that distributed transactions are disabled and that is [user-initiated manual failover](user-initiated-failover.md) on the SQL managed instance.
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In some circumstances, there might exist an issue with Service Principal used to access Microsoft Entra ID ([formerly Azure Active Directory](/entra/fundamentals/new-name)) and Azure Key Vault (AKV) services. As a result, this issue impacts usage of Microsoft Entra authentication and transparent data encryption (TDE) with SQL Managed Instance. This might be experienced as an intermittent connectivity issue, or not being able to run statements such are `CREATE LOGIN/USER FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER` or `EXECUTE AS LOGIN/USER`. Setting up TDE with customer-managed key on a new Azure SQL Managed Instance might also not work in some circumstances.
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**Workaround**: To prevent this issue from occurring on your SQL Managed Instance, before executing any update commands, or in case you have already experienced this issue after update commands, go to the **Overview page** of your SQL managed instance in the Azure portal. Under **Settings**, select **Microsoft Entra ID** to access the SQL Managed Instance [Microsoft Entra ID admin page](../database/authentication-aad-configure.md#azure-sql-managed-instance). Verify if you can see the error message:
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**Workaround**: To prevent this issue from occurring on your SQL Managed Instance, before executing any update commands, or in case you have already experienced this issue after update commands, go to the **Overview page** of your SQL managed instance in the Azure portal. Under **Settings**, select **Microsoft Entra ID** to access the SQL Managed Instance [Microsoft Entra ID admin page](../database/authentication-aad-configure.md#azure-sql-managed-instance). Verify if you can see the error message:
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`Managed Instance needs a Service Principal to access Microsoft Entra ID. Click here to create a Service Principal`.
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`Managed Instance needs a Service Principal to access Microsoft Entra ID. Click here to create a Service Principal`.
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In case you've encountered this error message, select it, and follow the step-by-step instructions provided until this error has been resolved.
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`CREATE DATABASE`, `ALTER DATABASE ADD FILE`, and `RESTORE DATABASE` statements might fail because the instance can reach the Azure Storage limit on the General Purpose service tier, but not the [Next-gen General Purpose service tier upgrade](service-tiers-next-gen-general-purpose-use.md) or Business Critical service tier.
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`CREATE DATABASE`, `ALTER DATABASE ADD FILE`, and `RESTORE DATABASE` statements might fail because the instance can reach the Azure Storage limit on the General Purpose service tier, but not the [Next-gen General Purpose service tier upgrade](service-tiers-next-gen-general-purpose-use.md) or Business Critical service tier.
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You can [identify the number of remaining files](https://medium.com/azure-sqldb-managed-instance/how-many-files-you-can-create-in-general-purpose-azure-sql-managed-instance-e1c7c32886c1) by using system views. If you reach this limit, try to [empty and delete some of the smaller files by using the DBCC SHRINKFILE statement](/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-shrinkfile-transact-sql?view=azuresqlmi-current&preserve-view=true#d-emptying-a-file) or switch to the [Business Critical tier, which doesn't have this limit](../managed-instance/resource-limits.md#service-tier-characteristics).
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You can [identify the number of remaining files](https://medium.com/azure-sqldb-managed-instance/how-many-files-you-can-create-in-general-purpose-azure-sql-managed-instance-e1c7c32886c1) by using system views. If you reach this limit, try to [empty and delete some of the smaller files by using the DBCC SHRINKFILE statement](/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-shrinkfile-transact-sql?view=azuresqlmi-current&preserve-view=true#d-emptying-a-file) or switch to the [Business Critical tier, which doesn't have this limit](resource-limits.md#service-tier-characteristics).
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If transactional replication is enabled on a database in a failover group, the SQL Managed Instance administrator must clean up all publications on the old primary and reconfigure them on the new primary after a failover to another region occurs. For more information, see [Replication](../managed-instance/transact-sql-tsql-differences-sql-server.md#replication).
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If transactional replication is enabled on a database in a failover group, the SQL Managed Instance administrator must clean up all publications on the old primary and reconfigure them on the new primary after a failover to another region occurs. For more information, see [Replication](transact-sql-tsql-differences-sql-server.md#replication).
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### Error logs aren't persisted
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Error logs that are available in SQL Managed Instance aren't persisted, and their size isn't included in the maximum storage limit. Error logs might be automatically erased if failover occurs. There might be gaps in the error log history because SQL Managed Instance was moved several times on several virtual machines.
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### The event_file target of the system_health event session is not accessible
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**(Resolved in May 2025)** When you attempt to read the contents of the `event_file` target of the `system_health` event session, you get error 40538, "A valid URL beginning with 'https://' is required as value for any filepath specified." This occurs in SQL Server Management Studio, or when reading the session data using the [sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file](/sql/relational-databases/system-functions/sys-fn-xe-file-target-read-file-transact-sql) function.
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**(Partially resolved in May 2025)** When you attempt to read the contents of the `event_file` target of the `system_health` event session, you get error 40538, "A valid URL beginning with 'https://' is required as value for any filepath specified."
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Originally, this issue occurred in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), or when reading the session data using the [sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file](/sql/relational-databases/system-functions/sys-fn-xe-file-target-read-file-transact-sql) function.
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In May 2025 this issue was resolved for reading session data from SSMS. The issue is not resolved when reading event data using the `sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file` function.
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This change in behavior is an unintended consequence of a recent required security fix. We are investigating the feasibility of an additional change that would allow customers to continue using the `system_health` session on Azure SQL Managed Instance securely. In the meantime, customers can work around this issue by creating their own equivalent of the `system_health` session with an `event_file` target in Azure blob storage. For more information, including a T-SQL script to create the `system_health` session that can be modified to create your own equivalent of `system_health`, see [Use the system_health session](/sql/relational-databases/extended-events/use-the-system-health-session).
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This change in behavior is an unintended consequence of a required security fix. Customers can work around this issue by creating their own equivalent of the `system_health` session with an `event_file` target in Azure Blob Storage. For more information, including a T-SQL script to create the `system_health` session that can be modified to create your own equivalent of `system_health`, see [Use the system_health session](/sql/relational-databases/extended-events/use-the-system-health-session).
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## Contribute to content
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azure-sql/managed-instance/point-to-site-p2s-configure.md

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This quickstart teaches you how to connect to Azure SQL Managed Instance by using [SQL Server Management Studio](/sql/ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms) (SSMS) from an on-premises client computer over a point-to-site connection. For information about point-to-site connections, see [About Point-to-Site VPN](/azure/vpn-gateway/point-to-site-about).
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This quickstart teaches you how to connect to Azure SQL Managed Instance by using [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](/sql/ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms) from an on-premises client computer over a point-to-site connection. For information about point-to-site connections, see [About Point-to-Site VPN](/azure/vpn-gateway/point-to-site-about).
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## Considerations
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azure-sql/managed-instance/winauth-azuread-run-trace-managed-instance.md

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- Install [SQL Server Management Studio](/ssms/install/install) (SSMS) on the client that is connecting to the managed instance. The SSMS installation includes SQL Server Profiler and built-in components to create and run extended events traces.
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- Install [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](/ssms/install/install) on the client that is connecting to the managed instance. The SSMS installation includes SQL Server Profiler and built-in components to create and run extended events traces.
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docs/connect/odbc/connection-troubleshooting.md

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## Related content
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- [Data Source Wizard Screen 4](windows/dsn-wizard-4.md)
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- [Data Source Wizard Screen 4](windows/odbc-administrator-dsn-creation.md)

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