module_initialize_quarter_ss.F

! for GSD version of WRF 3.8
!IDEAL:MODEL_LAYER:INITIALIZATION

#if ( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
#  define gridmu_1(...) (grid%c1h(k)*XXPC1HXX(__VA_ARGS__))
#  define XXPC1HXX(...) grid%mu_1(__VA_ARGS__)

#  define gridMu_1(...) (grid%c1f(k)*XXPC1FXX(__VA_ARGS__))
#  define XXPC1FXX(...) grid%Mu_1(__VA_ARGS__)

#  define gridmub(...) (grid%c1h(k)*XXPCBHXX(__VA_ARGS__)+grid%c2h(k))
#  define XXPCBHXX(...) grid%mub(__VA_ARGS__)

#  define gridMub(...) (grid%c1f(k)*XXPCBFXX(__VA_ARGS__)+grid%c2f(k))
#  define XXPCBFXX(...) grid%Mub(__VA_ARGS__)
#endif

!

!  This MODULE holds the routines which are used to perform various initializations
!  for the individual domains.  

!  This MODULE CONTAINS the following routines:

!  initialize_field_test - 1. Set different fields to different constant
!                             values.  This is only a test.  If the correct
!                             domain is not found (based upon the "id")
!                             then a fatal error is issued.               

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------

MODULE module_initialize_ideal

   USE module_domain
   USE module_io_domain
   USE module_state_description
   USE module_model_constants
   USE module_bc
   USE module_timing
   USE module_configure
   USE module_init_utilities
   USE module_soil_pre
#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   USE module_dm
#endif

  private rndnum

  real, private :: ugrid = 0.0        ! east-west grid motion (subtracted from U wind component)
  real, private :: vgrid = 0.0        ! north-south grid motion (subtracted from V wind component)
  logical :: use_snd_plevels = .false. ! whether to read in pressure from the sounding file and use the same levels
  logical :: use_snd_zlevels = .false. ! whether to use Z levels the sounding file and create pressure
  integer :: config_stretch_z = 0 ! 0 for 'equal spacing', 1 for geometric stretch
  real    :: p_surface = 100000.
  real    :: qv_surface = 14.
  real    :: th_surface = 300.

CONTAINS


!-------------------------------------------------------------------
! this is a wrapper for the solver-specific init_domain routines.
! Also dereferences the grid variables and passes them down as arguments.
! This is crucial, since the lower level routines may do message passing
! and this will get fouled up on machines that insist on passing down
! copies of assumed-shape arrays (by passing down as arguments, the 
! data are treated as assumed-size -- ie. f77 -- arrays and the copying
! business is avoided).  Fie on the F90 designers.  Fie and a pox.

   SUBROUTINE init_domain ( grid )

   IMPLICIT NONE

   !  Input data.
   TYPE (domain), POINTER :: grid 
   !  Local data.
   INTEGER :: idum1, idum2

      write(0,*) 'Begin init_domain'

   CALL set_scalar_indices_from_config ( head_grid%id , idum1, idum2 )

     CALL init_domain_rk( grid &
!
#include "actual_new_args.inc"
!
                        )

      write(0,*) 'End init_domain'

   END SUBROUTINE init_domain

!-------------------------------------------------------------------

   SUBROUTINE init_domain_rk ( grid &
!
# include "dummy_new_args.inc"
!
)
   USE module_optional_input
   IMPLICIT NONE

   !  Input data.
   TYPE (domain), POINTER :: grid

# include "dummy_new_decl.inc"

   TYPE (grid_config_rec_type)              :: config_flags

   !  Local data
   INTEGER                             ::                       &
                                  ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde, &
                                  ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme, &
                                  its, ite, jts, jte, kts, kte, &
                                  i, j, k, n

   ! Local data

   INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nl_max = 1000
   REAL, DIMENSION(nl_max) :: zk, p_in, theta, rho, u, v, qv, pd_in, etal, etaltmp,p_z
   REAL, DIMENSION(nl_max) :: alttde
   REAL    :: tmp_v_1, tmp_v_2, tmp_1, tmp_2
   INTEGER :: nl_in , icount


   INTEGER :: icm,jcm, ii, im1, jj, jm1, loop, error, fid
   
   
   INTEGER :: nxc=-1, nyc=-1
   REAL    :: delt = 3.
   real    :: pres, qvs, rh, qvs1
   real    :: zradbub = 1500.
   real    :: xradbub = 10000.
   real    :: yradbub = 10000.
   logical :: use_eta_levels = .false.
   integer, parameter :: maxbub = 10
   integer :: numbub = 1
   integer :: nxb(maxbub) = -1 , nyb(maxbub) = -1

   logical :: setccn = .false.
   
   integer :: istat
   REAL    :: u_mean,v_mean, f0, p_surf, p_level, qvf, z_at_v, z_at_u
   REAL    :: z_scale, xrad, yrad, zrad, rad, cof1, cof2
!   REAL, EXTERNAL :: interp_0
   REAL    :: hm
   REAL    :: pi, rnd

!  stuff from original initialization that has been dropped from the Registry 
   REAL    :: vnu, xnu, xnus, dinit0, cbh, p0_temp, t0_temp, zd, zt
   REAL    :: qvf1, qvf2, pd_surf, theta_surf
   INTEGER :: it
   real :: thtmp, ptmp, tem, temp(3)

   LOGICAL :: moisture_init
   LOGICAL :: stretch_grid, dry_sounding
   logical :: moisten = .false.

   REAL    :: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, sin_arg

! soil input
   INTEGER :: ns_input
   REAL    :: tmn_input, tsk_input
   REAL    :: zs_input(100),tslb_input(100),smois_input(100)

   REAL    :: zrwa(200), zwa(200)

  INTEGER :: xs , xe , ys , ye
  REAL :: mtn_ht = 500.
  integer :: ido_terrain = 0 ! 1 = mountain, 2 = EW Ridge, 3 = NS Ridge
   INTEGER :: ks, ke, id
   LOGICAL, EXTERNAL :: wrf_dm_on_monitor
   real :: lat = 35.0
   real :: lon = -95.0
   integer :: lu_index = 2
   real :: vegfra = 0.5, canwat = 0.0
   integer :: isltyp = 4
   character (len=256) :: mminlu2
   LOGICAL :: real_soil = .false.
   logical :: fcoriolis = .false.

   integer            :: ibbleseed = -1
   integer :: bubbletype = 1 ! =2 to add random perts
   real, allocatable :: ranarray(:,:),ranarraysmth(:,:)
!   real :: rndnum
   integer           :: iranseed, i1, j1
   double precision  :: dthtot, dthrantot, dthrantotv, dthran
   double precision  :: dthrantotn, dthrantotp
   double precision  :: dthrantotvn, dthrantotvp
   real              :: dz_bot = 200., dz_top = 500., ztop = 20000.   ! dz_bot =grid spacing at z=0
                                                                   ! dz_top = max stretch, 
                                                                   ! ztop = config_flags%ztop
   integer :: nbndlyr = 0 ! number of layers with dz_bot before stretching starts

   ! hard-wired values for second upper-level stretch (default off)
   real    :: rtop       = 1.0     ! upper level stretch factor
   real    :: ztopstr    = 100000. ! height to start upper level stretching; set < ztop to turn on
   real    :: dzmaxtop   = 700.    ! max upper level dz
   integer :: nz1
   double precision, dimension(0:nl_max) :: gzc, gze
   real              :: tmp1,tmp2,dz

   NAMELIST /init_ideal/ nxc,nyc,delt,use_eta_levels, &
        ugrid,vgrid,setccn,use_snd_plevels,use_snd_zlevels,numbub,nxb,nyb, &
        xradbub,yradbub,zradbub,moisten,mtn_ht,ido_terrain,lat,lon,  &
        lu_index, vegfra, canwat, isltyp, real_soil, fcoriolis, bubbletype, ibbleseed, &
        dz_bot, dz_top, nbndlyr, config_stretch_z

   SELECT CASE ( model_data_order )
         CASE ( DATA_ORDER_ZXY )
   kds = grid%sd31 ; kde = grid%ed31 ;
   ids = grid%sd32 ; ide = grid%ed32 ;
   jds = grid%sd33 ; jde = grid%ed33 ;

   kms = grid%sm31 ; kme = grid%em31 ;
   ims = grid%sm32 ; ime = grid%em32 ;
   jms = grid%sm33 ; jme = grid%em33 ;

   kts = grid%sp31 ; kte = grid%ep31 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   its = grid%sp32 ; ite = grid%ep32 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   jts = grid%sp33 ; jte = grid%ep33 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
         CASE ( DATA_ORDER_XYZ )
   ids = grid%sd31 ; ide = grid%ed31 ;
   jds = grid%sd32 ; jde = grid%ed32 ;
   kds = grid%sd33 ; kde = grid%ed33 ;

   ims = grid%sm31 ; ime = grid%em31 ;
   jms = grid%sm32 ; jme = grid%em32 ;
   kms = grid%sm33 ; kme = grid%em33 ;

   its = grid%sp31 ; ite = grid%ep31 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   jts = grid%sp32 ; jte = grid%ep32 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   kts = grid%sp33 ; kte = grid%ep33 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
         CASE ( DATA_ORDER_XZY )
   ids = grid%sd31 ; ide = grid%ed31 ;
   kds = grid%sd32 ; kde = grid%ed32 ;
   jds = grid%sd33 ; jde = grid%ed33 ;

   ims = grid%sm31 ; ime = grid%em31 ;
   kms = grid%sm32 ; kme = grid%em32 ;
   jms = grid%sm33 ; jme = grid%em33 ;

   its = grid%sp31 ; ite = grid%ep31 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   kts = grid%sp32 ; kte = grid%ep32 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch
   jts = grid%sp33 ; jte = grid%ep33 ;   ! note that tile is entire patch

   END SELECT


   
  open(15,file="namelist.input",status='old',form='formatted')
  rewind(15)
  read(15,NML=init_ideal,iostat=istat) ! returning iostat prevents bombing if the namelist does not exist
  close(15)

  open(15,file="namelist.output",status='old',form='formatted',position='append')
   write(15,NML=init_ideal)
   write(0,NML=init_ideal)
  close(15)

  
  n = 0 
  IF ( use_eta_levels ) n = n + 1
  IF ( use_snd_plevels ) n = n + 1
  IF ( use_snd_zlevels ) n = n + 1
  
  IF ( n > 1 ) THEN
      write(0,*) 'ERROR: Can only have one of these as .true. :'
      write(0,*) ' use_eta_levels  = ',use_eta_levels
      write(0,*) ' use_snd_plevels = ',use_snd_plevels
      write(0,*) ' use_snd_xlevels = ',use_snd_zlevels
      WRITE( wrf_err_message , * ) 'Can only have one use_xxx_levels as true!  '
      CALL wrf_error_fatal ( wrf_err_message )
  ENDIF

   
   stretch_grid = .not. ( use_eta_levels .or. use_snd_plevels .or. use_snd_zlevels ) ! .true.
!   delt = 5.
!   z_scale = .50
   z_scale = .40
   pi = 2.*asin(1.0)
   write(6,*) ' pi is ',pi
   IF ( nxc <= 0 .and. nxb(1) <= 0) THEN
      nxc = (ide-ids)/3 + 1
      nxb(1) = nxc
   ELSEIF  ( nxc > 0 .and. nxb(1) <= 0) THEN
     nxb(1) = nxc
   ENDIF
   IF ( nyc <= 0 .and. nyb(1) <= 0 ) THEN
      nyc = (jde-jds)/2 + 1
      nyb(1) = nyc
   ELSEIF ( nyc > 0 .and. nyb(1) <= 0 ) THEN
      nyb(1) = nyc
   ENDIF

   CALL model_to_grid_config_rec ( grid%id , model_config_rec , config_flags )

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
! TEMPERATURE perturbations

    dthtot      = 0.0d0
    dthrantot   = 0.0d0
    dthrantotv  = 0.0d0
    dthrantotn  = 0.0d0
    dthrantotp  = 0.0d0
    dthrantotvn = 0.0d0
    dthrantotvp = 0.0d0
   IF ( bubbletype > 1 ) THEN
   !  write(0,*) 'allocate ranarray: ids:ide,jds:jde = ',ids,ide,jds,jde
     allocate ( ranarray(ids:ide,jds:jde) )
     allocate ( ranarraysmth(ids:ide,jds:jde) )

    iranseed = -Abs(ibbleseed)
!    dfac = 0.0
    ranarray(:,:) = 0.0
    ranarraysmth(:,:) = 0.0

    DO j = jds,jde
     DO i = ids,ide
       ranarray(i,j) = 2.0*(rndnum(iranseed) - 0.5)  ! values of -1 to 1
     ENDDO
    ENDDO

    DO j = jds,jde-4,4
     DO i = ids,ide-4,4
       DO  j1 = 0,4
       DO  i1 = 0,4
         ranarraysmth(i+i1,j+j1) = ranarray(i,j)
       ENDDO
       ENDDO
     ENDDO
    ENDDO
     
   ENDIF
   

! here we check to see if the boundary conditions are set properly

   CALL boundary_condition_check( config_flags, bdyzone, error, grid%id )

   moisture_init = .true.

    grid%itimestep=0

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
   CALL wrf_dm_bcast_bytes( icm , IWORDSIZE )
   CALL wrf_dm_bcast_bytes( jcm , IWORDSIZE )
#endif

   IF ( grid%sf_sfclay_physics /= 0 ) THEN
     mminlu2 = 'USGS'
     CALL nl_set_mminlu(1, mminlu2)
    CALL nl_set_iswater(1,16)
!    CALL nl_set_isice(1,3)
    CALL nl_get_isice ( grid%id , grid%isice )
    write(0,*) 'isice = ',grid%isice
   ELSE
    CALL nl_set_mminlu(1, '    ')
    CALL nl_set_iswater(1,0)
   ENDIF
    CALL nl_set_cen_lat(1,lat)
    CALL nl_set_cen_lon(1,lon)
    CALL nl_set_truelat1(1,0.)
    CALL nl_set_truelat2(1,0.)
    CALL nl_set_moad_cen_lat (1,0.)
    CALL nl_set_stand_lon (1,0.)
    CALL nl_set_pole_lon (1,0.)
    CALL nl_set_pole_lat (1,90.)
    CALL nl_set_map_proj(1,0)

    CALL nl_get_iswater(1,grid%iswater)

!  here we initialize data we currently is not initialized 
!  in the input data

    DO j = jts, jte
      DO i = its, ite
         grid%msft(i,j)     = 1.
         grid%msfu(i,j)     = 1.
         grid%msfv(i,j)     = 1.
         grid%msftx(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%msfty(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%msfux(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%msfuy(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%msfvx(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%msfvx_inv(i,j)= 1.
         grid%msfvy(i,j)    = 1.
         grid%sina(i,j)     = 0.
         grid%cosa(i,j)     = 1.
         grid%e(i,j)        = 0.
         grid%f(i,j)        = 0.
         IF ( fcoriolis ) THEN
           grid%e(i,j)        = 2.0*EOMEG*cos(lat*DEGRAD)
           grid%f(i,j)        = 2.0*EOMEG*sin(lat*DEGRAD)
         ENDIF
         grid%xlat(i,j)     = lat
         grid%xlong(i,j)    = lon
         grid%xland(i,j)     = 1.
         grid%landmask(i,j)  = 1.
         grid%lu_index(i,j)  = lu_index
      END DO
   END DO

        DO j = jts , MIN(jde-1,jte)
           DO i = its , MIN(ide-1,ite)
              grid%vegfra(i,j) = vegfra
              grid%canwat(i,j) = canwat
              grid%isltyp(i,j) = isltyp
              grid%ivgtyp(i,j) = lu_index
              grid%xice(i,j) = 0.
              grid%snow(i,j) = 0.
           END DO
        END DO

    DO j = jts, jte
    DO k = kts, kte
      DO i = its, ite
         grid%ww(i,k,j)     = 0.
      END DO
   END DO
   END DO

   grid%step_number = 0


      hold_ups = .true. ! need this set to true to initialize the soil on the interior of the domain

   IF ( config_flags%sf_surface_physics /= 0 ) THEN
   
   IF ( real_soil ) THEN ! from input file

      IF (config_flags%sf_surface_physics .NE. 2) WRITE (6, *)   &
         'If using LSM option other than Noah, must edit input_soil file (from test/em_scm_xy)'
    
      CALL read_soil(100,ns_input,tmn_input,tsk_input,zs_input,tslb_input,smois_input)

      CALL init_module_optional_input(grid,config_flags)
      num_st_levels_input = ns_input
      num_sm_levels_input = ns_input
      num_sw_levels_input = ns_input
      DO k = 1,ns_input
         st_levels_input(k) = zs_input(k)*100.0 ! to cm
         sm_levels_input(k) = zs_input(k)*100.0 ! to cm
         sw_levels_input(k) = zs_input(k)*100.0 ! to cm
         st_input(:,k+1,:) = tslb_input(k)
         sm_input(:,k+1,:) = smois_input(k)
         sw_input(:,k+1,:) = smois_input(k)
        ! grid%tslb(:,k,:) = tslb_input(k)
         write(6,*) 'tslb_input,smois_input,z: ',k,tslb_input(k),smois_input(k),zs_input(k)
      ENDDO
  
      grid%tsk = tsk_input
      grid%sst = tsk_input
      grid%tmn = tmn_input

      flag_soil_layers  = 0 ! go ahead and put skin temp in
      flag_soil_levels  = 0 ! go ahead and put skin moisture in
      flag_sst          = 0 ! don't modify for ocean
      flag_tavgsfc      = 0 
      flag_soilhgt      = 0 

      CALL process_soil_real ( grid%tsk , grid%tmn , grid%tavgsfc, &
                   grid%landmask , grid%sst , grid%ht, grid%toposoil, &
                   st_input , sm_input , sw_input , &
                   st_levels_input , sm_levels_input , sw_levels_input , &
                   grid%zs , grid%dzs , grid%tslb , grid%smois , grid%sh2o , &
                   flag_sst , flag_tavgsfc, flag_soilhgt, flag_soil_layers, flag_soil_levels,  &
                   ids , ide , jds , jde , kds , kde , &
                   ims , ime , jms , jme , kms , kme , &
                   its , ite , jts , jte , kts , kte , &
                   model_config_rec%sf_surface_physics(grid%id) , &
                   model_config_rec%num_soil_layers , &
                   model_config_rec%real_data_init_type , &
                   num_st_levels_input , num_sm_levels_input , num_sw_levels_input , &
                   num_st_levels_alloc , num_sm_levels_alloc , num_sw_levels_alloc )

       write(6,*) 'size of tslb',size(grid%tslb,1),size(grid%tslb,2),size(grid%tslb,3)
       DO k=1,ns_input
       write(6,*) 'tslb in center:',k,grid%tslb(ite/2,k,jte/2)
         IF ( grid%tslb(ite/2,k,jte/2) < 200. ) THEN
           grid%tslb(:,k,:) = 298.0
         ENDIF
       ENDDO
   
   ELSE ! ideal soil
! Process the soil; note that there are some things hard-wired into share/module_soil_pre.F
      CALL process_soil_ideal(grid%xland,grid%xice,grid%vegfra,grid%snow,grid%canwat, &
                     grid%ivgtyp,grid%isltyp,grid%tslb,grid%smois, &
                     grid%tsk,grid%tmn,grid%zs,grid%dzs,model_config_rec%num_soil_layers, &
                     model_config_rec%sf_surface_physics(grid%id), &
                                   ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,&
                                   ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,&
                                   its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte )

    ENDIF
    
    ENDIF


! set up the grid

   IF (stretch_grid) THEN ! exponential stretch for eta (nearly constant dz)
     IF ( config_stretch_z == 0 ) THEN
     DO k=1, kde
      grid%znw(k) = (exp(-(k-1)/float(kde-1)/z_scale) - exp(-1./z_scale))/ &
                                (1.-exp(-1./z_scale))
     ENDDO
     ELSE ! geometric stretch

          nz1 = kde
          ztop = config_flags%ztop
          dz = ztop/float(nz1-1)
          write(6,*) 'nz1,dz,ztop = ',nz1,dz,ztop,kde

          CALL ZGRID_sub(dz, dz_bot, nz1, nbndlyr, gzc, gze, 1, dz_top,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop)

           DO k = 1,nz1
             !write(6,*) 'k,gzc,gze = ',k,gzc(k),gze(k)
             tmp1 = gzc(k)
             tmp2 = gze(k)
             write(6,*) ' k, gzc, gze = ', k, tmp1,tmp2
           ENDDO

         gze(0) = -gze(2)
         ke = nz1
         gze(ke+1) = gze(ke) + (gze(ke) - gze(ke-1))
     
       CALL get_sounding( zk, p_in, pd_in, theta, rho, u, v, qv, etal, dry_sounding, nl_max, nl_in, theta_surf)
     
     grid%znw(1) = 1.0
     write(6,*) 'eta levels:'
     write(6,*) 'k, eta'
     write(6,*) 1,grid%znw(1)
     DO k=2, kde-1
      tmp1 = gze(k)
      etaltmp(k) = interp_0( etal, zk, tmp1, nl_in )
      p_z(k) = interp_0( p_in, zk, tmp1, nl_in )
      write(6,*) 'k,z,etaltmp,zk,p: ',k,tmp1,etaltmp(k),zk(k),tmp2
     ENDDO

     p_z(kde) = interp_0( p_in, zk, config_flags%ztop, nl_in )

            etaltmp(1) = 1.
            do k=2,kde
              etaltmp(k) = (p_z(k) - p_z(kde))/(p_surface - p_z(kde))
             write(6,*) 'k,z,new-etaltmp,p: ',k,gze(k),etaltmp(k),p_z(k)
            enddo

     DO k=2, kde
      grid%znw(k) = etaltmp(k)
     write(6,*) k,grid%znw(k)
     ENDDO
     !k = kde
     !grid%znw(k) = etal(k+1) ! use the added top w-point for model top
     ! write(6,*) k,grid%znw(k)
     
     ENDIF
   ELSE

    IF ( use_snd_plevels .or. use_snd_zlevels ) THEN
    dry_sounding = .false.
    CALL get_sounding( zk, p_in, pd_in, theta, rho, u, v, qv, etal, dry_sounding, nl_max, nl_in, theta_surf )
     grid%znw(1) = 1.0
     write(6,*) 'eta levels:'
     write(6,*) 'k, eta, delta-eta'
     write(6,*) 1,grid%znw(1)
     DO k=2, kde-1
      grid%znw(k) = 0.5*( etal(k) + etal(k+1) )
     write(6,*) k,grid%znw(k)
     ENDDO
     k = kde
     grid%znw(k) = etal(k+1) ! use the added top w-point for model top
     write(6,*) k,grid%znw(k)
     
      write(6,"( 5(f10.7,',',1x))") (grid%znw(k), k=1,kde)
    
    ELSEIF ( use_eta_levels ) THEN

     DO k=1, kde
!      grid%znw(k) = 1. - float(k-1)/float(kde-1)
!      grid%znw(k) = eta_levels(k)
      grid%znw(k) = model_config_rec%eta_levels(k)
!      write(6,*) 'k,eta = ',k,grid%znw(k) 
     ENDDO
     
     
     ENDIF
   ENDIF

   DO k=1, kde-1
    grid%dnw(k) = grid%znw(k+1) - grid%znw(k)
    grid%rdnw(k) = 1./grid%dnw(k)
    grid%znu(k) = 0.5*(grid%znw(k+1)+grid%znw(k))
   ENDDO

   IF ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .NE. 0 ) THEN
!      call wrf_error_fatal ( '--- ERROR: Hybrid Vertical Coordinate option not supported with this idealized case' )
   END IF
   grid%hybrid_opt = 0

   DO k=1, kde
    grid%c3f(k) = grid%znw(k)
    grid%c4f(k) = 0.
    grid%c3h(k) = grid%znu(k)
    grid%c4h(k) = 0.
    grid%c1f(k) = 1.
    grid%c2f(k) = 0.
    grid%c1h(k) = 1.
    grid%c2h(k) = 0.
   ENDDO 

   DO k=2, kde-1
    grid%dn(k) = 0.5*(grid%dnw(k)+grid%dnw(k-1))
    grid%rdn(k) = 1./grid%dn(k)
    grid%fnp(k) = .5* grid%dnw(k  )/grid%dn(k)
    grid%fnm(k) = .5* grid%dnw(k-1)/grid%dn(k)
   ENDDO

   cof1 = (2.*grid%dn(2)+grid%dn(3))/(grid%dn(2)+grid%dn(3))*grid%dnw(1)/grid%dn(2) 
   cof2 =     grid%dn(2)        /(grid%dn(2)+grid%dn(3))*grid%dnw(1)/grid%dn(3) 
   grid%cf1  = grid%fnp(2) + cof1
   grid%cf2  = grid%fnm(2) - cof1 - cof2
   grid%cf3  = cof2       

   grid%cfn  = (.5*grid%dnw(kde-1)+grid%dn(kde-1))/grid%dn(kde-1)
   grid%cfn1 = -.5*grid%dnw(kde-1)/grid%dn(kde-1)
   grid%rdx = 1./config_flags%dx
   grid%rdy = 1./config_flags%dy

!  get the sounding from the ascii sounding file, first get dry sounding and 
!  calculate base state

  dry_sounding = .true.
  IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN
  write(6,*) ' getting dry sounding for base state '

  CALL get_sounding( zk, p_in, pd_in, theta, rho, u, v, qv, etal, dry_sounding, nl_max, nl_in, theta_surf )
  ENDIF
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( zk , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( p_in , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( pd_in , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( theta , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( rho , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( u , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( v , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( qv , nl_max )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_integer ( nl_in , 1 ) 

  write(6,*) ' returned from reading sounding, nl_in is ',nl_in

!  find ptop for the desired ztop (ztop is input from the namelist),
!  and find surface pressure

  grid%p_top = interp_0( p_in, zk, config_flags%ztop, nl_in )

  IF ( use_eta_levels ) THEN
    grid%p_top = Max( grid%p_top_requested, p_in(nl_in) )
    write(6,*) 'ptop,p_top_requested,p_in(nl_in) = ',grid%p_top,grid%p_top_requested,p_in(nl_in)
  ENDIF

!  Fill in the hybrid coordinate coefficients

   DO k=1, kde
      IF      ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 0 ) THEN
         grid%c3f(k) = grid%znw(k)
      ELSE IF ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 1 ) THEN
         grid%c3f(k) = grid%znw(k)
      ELSE IF ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 2 ) THEN
         B1 = 2. * grid%etac**2 * ( 1. - grid%etac )
         B2 = -grid%etac * ( 4. - 3. * grid%etac - grid%etac**3 )
         B3 = 2. * ( 1. - grid%etac**3 )
         B4 = - ( 1. - grid%etac**2 )
         B5 = (1.-grid%etac)**4
         grid%c3f(k) = ( B1 + B2*grid%znw(k) + B3*grid%znw(k)**2 + B4*grid%znw(k)**3 ) / B5
         IF ( grid%znw(k) .LT. grid%etac ) THEN
            grid%c3f(k) = 0.
         END IF
         IF ( k .EQ. kds ) THEN
            grid%c3f(k) = 1.
         ELSE IF ( k .EQ. kde ) THEN
            grid%c3f(k) = 0.
         END IF
      ELSE IF ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 3 ) THEN
         IF ( grid%znw(k) .GE. grid%etac ) THEN
            sin_arg = (1./(1.-grid%etac))*(grid%znw(k)-1.)+1
            grid%c3f(k) = (sin(sin_arg*3.14159265358/2.))**2
         ELSE
            grid%c3f(k) = 0.
         END IF
         IF ( k .EQ. kds ) THEN
            grid%c3f(k) = 1.
         ELSE IF ( k .EQ. kds ) THEN
            grid%c3f(kde) = 0.
         END IF
      ELSE
         CALL wrf_error_fatal ( 'ERROR: --- hybrid_opt=0 ===> Standard WRF Coordinate; hybrid_opt>=1 ===> Hybrid Vertical Coordinate' )
      END IF
   END DO

   DO k=1, kde
      grid%c4f(k) = ( grid%znw(k) - grid%c3f(k) ) * ( p1000mb - grid%p_top )
   ENDDO

   !  Now on half levels, just add up and divide by 2 (for c3h).  Use (eta-c3)*(p00-pt) for c4 on half levels.

   DO k=1, kde-1
      grid%c3h(k) = ( grid%c3f(k+1) + grid%c3f(k) ) * 0.5
      grid%c4h(k) = ( grid%znu(k) - grid%c3h(k) ) * ( p1000mb - grid%p_top )
   ENDDO

   !  c1 = d(B)/d(eta).  We define c1f as c1 on FULL levels.  For a vertical difference,
   !  we need to use B and eta on half levels.  The k-loop ends up referring to the 
   !  full levels, neglecting the top and bottom.

   DO k=kds+1, kde-1
      grid%c1f(k) = ( grid%c3h(k) - grid%c3h(k-1) ) / ( grid%znu(k) - grid%znu(k-1) )
   ENDDO

   !  The boundary conditions to get the coefficients:
   !  1) At k=kts: define d(B)/d(eta) = 1.  This gives us the same value of B and d(B)/d(eta)
   !     when doing the sigma-only B=eta.
   !  2) At k=kte: with the new vertical coordinate, define d(B)/d(eta) = 0.  The curve B SMOOTHLY 
   !     goes to zero, and at the very top, B continues to SMOOTHLY go to zero.  Note that for 
   !     almost all cases of non B=eta, B is ALREADY=ZERO at the top, so this is a reasonable BC to 
   !     assume.
   !  3) At k=kte: when trying to mimic the original vertical coordinate, since B = eta, then
   !     d(B)/d(eta) = 1.

   grid%c1f(kds) = 1.
   IF      ( ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 0 ) .OR. ( config_flags%hybrid_opt .EQ. 1 ) ) THEN
      grid%c1f(kde) = 1.
   ELSE
      grid%c1f(kde) = 0.
   END IF

   !  c2 = ( 1. - c1(k) ) * (p00 - pt).  There is no vertical differencing, so we can do the
   !  full kds to kde looping.

   DO k=kds, kde
      grid%c2f(k) = ( 1. - grid%c1f(k) ) * ( p1000mb - grid%p_top )
   END DO

   !  Now on half levels for c1 and c2.  The c1h will result from the full level c3 and full
   !  level eta differences.  The c2 value use the half level c1(k).

   DO k=1, kde-1
      grid%c1h(k) = ( grid%c3f(k+1) - grid%c3f(k) ) / ( grid%znw(k+1) - grid%znw(k) )
      grid%c2h(k) = ( 1. - grid%c1h(k) ) * ( p1000mb - grid%p_top )
   END DO


  IF ( use_snd_plevels .or. use_snd_zlevels ) grid%p_top = p_in(nl_in)

  DO j=jts,jte
  DO i=its,ite
    grid%ht(i,j) = 0.
  ENDDO
  ENDDO

  xs=ide/2 -3
  xs=ids   -3
  xe=xs + 6
  ys=jde/2 -3
  ye=ys + 6
  ! mtn_ht = 500
  IF ( ido_terrain == 1 ) THEN ! MTN
  DO j=max(ys,jds),min(ye,jde-1)
  DO i=max(xs,ids),min(xe,ide-1)
     grid%ht(i,j) = mtn_ht * 0.25 * &
               ( 1. + COS ( 2*pi/(xe-xs) * ( i-xs ) + pi ) ) * &
               ( 1. + COS ( 2*pi/(ye-ys) * ( j-ys ) + pi ) )
  ENDDO
  ENDDO
  endif

  IF ( ido_terrain == 2 ) THEN !  EW_RIDGE
  DO j=max(ys,jds),min(ye,jde-1)
  DO i=ids,ide
     grid%ht(i,j) = mtn_ht * 0.50 * &
               ( 1. + COS ( 2*pi/(ye-ys) * ( j-ys ) + pi ) )
  ENDDO
  ENDDO
  endif
  
  
  IF ( ido_terrain ==3 ) THEN ! NS_RIDGE
  DO j=jds,jde
  DO i=max(xs,ids),min(xe,ide-1)
     grid%ht(i,j) = mtn_ht * 0.50 * &
               ( 1. + COS ( 2*pi/(xe-xs) * ( i-xs ) + pi ) )
  ENDDO
  ENDDO
  endif

  DO j=jts,jte
  DO i=its,ite
    grid%phb(i,1,j) = g * grid%ht(i,j)
    grid%ph0(i,1,j) = g * grid%ht(i,j)
  ENDDO
  ENDDO

  DO J = jts, jte
  DO I = its, ite

    p_surf = interp_0( p_in, zk, grid%phb(i,1,j)/g, nl_in )
    grid%mub(i,j) = p_surf-grid%p_top

!  this is dry hydrostatic sounding (base state), so given grid%p (coordinate),
!  interp theta (from interp) and compute 1/rho from eqn. of state

    DO K = 1, kte-1
!      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#if  !( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#elif ( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%c3h(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%c4h(k) + grid%p_top
#endif
      grid%pb(i,k,j) = p_level
      grid%t_init(i,k,j) = interp_0( theta, p_in, p_level, nl_in ) - t0
      grid%alb(i,k,j) = (r_d/p1000mb)*(grid%t_init(i,k,j)+t0)*(grid%pb(i,k,j)/p1000mb)**cvpm
    ENDDO

!  calc hydrostatic balance (alternatively we could interp the geopotential from the
!  sounding, but this assures that the base state is in exact hydrostatic balance with
!  respect to the model eqns.

    DO k  = 2,kte
      grid%phb(i,k,j) = grid%phb(i,k-1,j) - grid%dnw(k-1)*grid%mub(i,j)*grid%alb(i,k-1,j)
    ENDDO

  ENDDO
  ENDDO

  IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN
    write(6,*) ' ptop is ',grid%p_top
!    write(6,*) ' base state grid%mub(1,1), p_surf is ',grid%mub(1,1),grid%mub(1,1)+grid%p_top
#if  !( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
  write(6,*) ' base state grid%mub(1,1), p_surf is ',grid%mub(1,1),grid%mub(1,1)+grid%p_top
#elif ( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
  write(6,*) ' base state grid%MUB(1,1), p_surf is ',grid%MUB(1,1),grid%c3f(kts)*grid%MUB(1,1)+grid%c4f(kts)+grid%p_top
#endif
  ENDIF

!  calculate full state for each column - this includes moisture.

  write(6,*) ' getting moist sounding for full state '
  dry_sounding = .false.
  CALL get_sounding( zk, p_in, pd_in, theta, rho, u, v, qv, etal, dry_sounding, nl_max, nl_in, theta_surf )

  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
  DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)

!  At this point grid%p_top is already set. find the DRY mass in the column 
!  by interpolating the DRY pressure.  

   pd_surf = interp_0( pd_in, zk, grid%phb(i,1,j)/g, nl_in )

!  compute the perturbation mass and the full mass

    grid%mu_1(i,j) = pd_surf-grid%p_top - grid%mub(i,j)
    grid%mu_2(i,j) = grid%mu_1(i,j)
    grid%mu0(i,j) = grid%mu_1(i,j) + grid%mub(i,j)

! given the dry pressure and coordinate system, interp the potential
! temperature and qv

    do k=1,kde-1

!      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(pd_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#if  !( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(pd_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#elif ( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%c3h(k)*(pd_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%c4h(k) + grid%p_top
#endif

      moist(i,k,j,P_QV) = interp_0( qv, pd_in, p_level, nl_in )
      grid%t_1(i,k,j)          = interp_0( theta, pd_in, p_level, nl_in ) - t0
      grid%t_2(i,k,j)          = grid%t_1(i,k,j)
      
      IF ( f_qnn .and. setccn ) THEN
       IF ( config_flags%mp_physics == wdm5scheme .or. config_flags%mp_physics == wdm6scheme ) THEN
         scalar(i,k,j,P_QNN) = grid%ccn_conc
       ELSEIF ( config_flags%mp_physics == nssl_2momccn ) THEN
!       ELSEIF ( config_flags%mp_physics == nssl_2momccn .or. config_flags%mp_physics == nssl_3mom ) THEN
         scalar(:,:,:,P_QNN) = grid%nssl_cccn/1.225
       ELSE
         scalar(:,:,:,P_QNN) = grid%ccn_conc
       ENDIF
      ENDIF

    enddo

!  integrate the hydrostatic equation (from the RHS of the bigstep
!  vertical momentum equation) down from the top to get grid%p.
!  first from the top of the model to the top pressure

    k = kte-1  ! top level

    qvf1 = 0.5*(moist(i,k,j,P_QV)+moist(i,k,j,P_QV))
    qvf2 = 1./(1.+qvf1)
    qvf1 = qvf1*qvf2

!    grid%p(i,k,j) = - 0.5*grid%mu_1(i,j)/grid%rdnw(k)
    grid%p(i,k,j) = - 0.5*(grid%mu_1(i,j)+qvf1*grid%mub(i,j))/grid%rdnw(k)/qvf2
    qvf = 1. + rvovrd*moist(i,k,j,P_QV)
    grid%alt(i,k,j) = (r_d/p1000mb)*(grid%t_1(i,k,j)+t0)*qvf* &
                (((grid%p(i,k,j)+grid%pb(i,k,j))/p1000mb)**cvpm)
    grid%al(i,k,j) = grid%alt(i,k,j) - grid%alb(i,k,j)

!  down the column

    do k=kte-2,1,-1
      qvf1 = 0.5*(moist(i,k,j,P_QV)+moist(i,k+1,j,P_QV))
      qvf2 = 1./(1.+qvf1)
      qvf1 = qvf1*qvf2
      grid%p(i,k,j) = grid%p(i,k+1,j) - (grid%mu_1(i,j) + qvf1*grid%mub(i,j))/qvf2/grid%rdn(k+1)
      qvf = 1. + rvovrd*moist(i,k,j,P_QV)
      grid%alt(i,k,j) = (r_d/p1000mb)*(grid%t_1(i,k,j)+t0)*qvf* &
                  (((grid%p(i,k,j)+grid%pb(i,k,j))/p1000mb)**cvpm)
      grid%al(i,k,j) = grid%alt(i,k,j) - grid%alb(i,k,j)
    enddo

!  this is the hydrostatic equation used in the model after the
!  small timesteps.  In the model, grid%al (inverse density)
!  is computed from the geopotential.


    grid%ph_1(i,1,j) = 0.
    DO k  = 2,kte
      grid%ph_1(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k-1,j) - (grid%dnw(k-1))*(       &
                   (grid%mub(i,j)+grid%mu_1(i,j))*grid%al(i,k-1,j)+ &
                    grid%mu_1(i,j)*grid%alb(i,k-1,j)  )
                                                   
      grid%ph_2(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k,j) 
      grid%ph0(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k,j) + grid%phb(i,k,j)
    ENDDO

    IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN
    if((i==2) .and. (j==2)) then
     write(6,*) ' grid%ph_1 calc ',grid%ph_1(2,1,2),grid%ph_1(2,2,2),&
                              grid%mu_1(2,2)+grid%mub(2,2),grid%mu_1(2,2), &
                              grid%alb(2,1,2),grid%al(1,2,1),grid%rdnw(1)
    endif
    ENDIF

  ENDDO
  ENDDO

!#if 0

!  thermal perturbation to kick off convection

  DO n = 1,numbub
  write(6,*) ' nxc, nyc for perturbation ',nxb(n),nyb(n)
  ENDDO
  write(6,*) ' delt for perturbation ',delt

  
  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
    yrad = config_flags%dy*float(j-nyc)/yradbub
!   yrad = 0.
    DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)
      xrad = config_flags%dx*float(i-nxc)/xradbub
!     xrad = 0.
      DO K = 1, kte-1

!  put in preturbation theta (bubble) and recalc density.  note,
!  the mass in the column is not changing, so when theta changes,
!  we recompute density and geopotential

        
         dthran = 0.0d0
        IF( bubbletype .eq. 2 ) dthran = dthran + 0.1*ranarray(i,j)

        DO n = 1,numbub
         yrad = config_flags%dy*float(j-nyb(n))/yradbub
         xrad = config_flags%dx*float(i-nxb(n))/xradbub
         
        zrad = 0.5*(grid%ph_1(i,k,j)+grid%ph_1(i,k+1,j)  &
                   +grid%phb(i,k,j)+grid%phb(i,k+1,j))/g
        zrad = (zrad-zradbub)/zradbub
        RAD=SQRT(xrad*xrad+yrad*yrad+zrad*zrad)
        IF(RAD <= 1.) THEN
           thtmp   = grid%t_1(i,k,j) + t0
           grid%t_1(i,k,j)=grid%t_1(i,k,j)+delt*COS(.5*PI*RAD)**2 + dthran
           grid%t_2(i,k,j)=grid%t_1(i,k,j)
           qvf = 1. + rvovrd*moist(i,k,j,P_QV)
           grid%alt(i,k,j) = (r_d/p1000mb)*(grid%t_1(i,k,j)+t0)*qvf* &
                        (((grid%p(i,k,j)+grid%pb(i,k,j))/p1000mb)**cvpm)
           grid%al(i,k,j) = grid%alt(i,k,j) - grid%alb(i,k,j)
           IF ( moisten ) THEN

            pres  = grid%pb(i,k,j) ! psfc*pz(k)**(cp/rd)
         !   thtmp   = grid%t_1(i,k,j) - delt*COS(.5*PI*RAD)**2
            ptmp    = grid%p(i,k,j)+grid%pb(i,k,j)
            tem = thtmp * (ptmp/p1000mb)**rcp
            qvs   = 380.*exp(17.27*(tem-273.16) / (tem - 36.)) / ptmp
!            qvs   = 380.*exp(17.27*(pz(k)*tz(k)-273.16) / (pz(k)*tz(k)- 36.)) / pres
            rh    =  moist(i,k,j,P_QV) / qvs

            thtmp   = grid%t_1(i,k,j) + t0 ! this is the warmed theta
            tem = thtmp * (ptmp/p1000mb)**rcp
            
            qvs1  =  380.*exp(17.27*(tem-273.16) / (tem - 36.)) / ptmp
            
            write(0,*) 'i,j,k,pres,thtmp,tem,qvs,rh,qvs1 = ',i,j,k,pres,thtmp,tem,qvs,rh,qvs1
            
            moist(i,k,j,P_QV) = rh*qvs1
!            qv3(i,j,k) = rh*qvs1
             
           ENDIF
        ENDIF
        ENDDO
      ENDDO

!  rebalance hydrostatically

      DO k  = 2,kte
        grid%ph_1(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k-1,j) - (grid%dnw(k-1))*(       &
                     (grid%mub(i,j)+grid%mu_1(i,j))*grid%al(i,k-1,j)+ &
                      grid%mu_1(i,j)*grid%alb(i,k-1,j)  )
                                                   
        grid%ph_2(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k,j) 
        grid%ph0(i,k,j) = grid%ph_1(i,k,j) + grid%phb(i,k,j)
      ENDDO

    ENDDO
  ENDDO

!#endif
! ub>>
! Use the hypsometric equation to calculate altitudes (m) at the chosen
! eta (sigma-ish) coordinates.

   alttde(1) = 0.0
   do k = 2, kde-1
     write(6,*) ' '
     write(6,*) 'k: ', k
     tmp_1 = (grid%t_1(its,k-1,jts)+t0) * ( (grid%p(its,k-1,jts)+grid%pb(its,k-1,jts)) / 100000.0 )**0.286
     tmp_2 = (grid%t_1(its,k  ,jts)+t0) * ( (grid%p(its,k  ,jts)+grid%pb(its,k  ,jts)) / 100000.0 )**0.286
     tmp_v_1 = tmp_1 * ( 1.0 + rvovrd*moist(its,k-1,jts,P_QV) )
     tmp_v_2 = tmp_2 * ( 1.0 + rvovrd*moist(its,k  ,jts,P_QV) )
     alttde(k) = alttde(k-1) &
               +  ( ( ( 287.0*(tmp_v_1+tmp_v_2)/2.0 ) / 9.81 ) &
                    * log( (grid%p(its,k-1,jts)+grid%pb(its,k-1,jts))/(grid%p(its,k,jts)+grid%pb(its,k,jts)) ) )
     WRITE(6,*) 'alttde = ', alttde(k), alttde(k)-alttde(k-1), grid%p(its,k-1,jts), grid%pb(its,k-1,jts), grid%t_1(its,k-1,jts), t0
   end do
! ub<<


   IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN
   write(6,*) ' grid%mu_1 from comp ', grid%mu_1(1,1)
   write(6,*) ' full state sounding from comp, ph, grid%p, grid%al, grid%t_1, qv '
   do k=1,kde-1
     write(6,'(i3,1x,5(1x,1pe10.3))') k, grid%ph_1(1,k,1)+grid%phb(1,k,1), &
                                      grid%p(1,k,1)+grid%pb(1,k,1), grid%alt(1,k,1), &
                                      grid%t_1(1,k,1)+t0, moist(1,k,1,P_QV)
   enddo

   write(6,*) ' pert state sounding from comp, grid%ph_1, pp, alp, grid%t_1, qv '
   do k=1,kde-1
     write(6,'(i3,1x,5(1x,1pe10.3))') k, grid%ph_1(1,k,1), &
                                      grid%p(1,k,1), grid%al(1,k,1), &
                                      grid%t_1(1,k,1), moist(1,k,1,P_QV)
   enddo
   ENDIF

! interp v

  DO J = jts, jte
  DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)

    IF (j == jds) THEN
      z_at_v = grid%phb(i,1,j)/g
    ELSE IF (j == jde) THEN
      z_at_v = grid%phb(i,1,j-1)/g
    ELSE
      z_at_v = 0.5*(grid%phb(i,1,j)+grid%phb(i,1,j-1))/g
    END IF
    p_surf = interp_0( p_in, zk, z_at_v, nl_in )

    DO K = 1, kte-1
!      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#if  !( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
#elif ( HYBRID_COORD==1 )
      p_level = grid%c3h(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%c4h(k) + grid%p_top
#endif
      grid%v_1(i,k,j) = interp_0( v, p_in, p_level, nl_in )
      grid%v_2(i,k,j) = grid%v_1(i,k,j)
    ENDDO

  ENDDO
  ENDDO

! interp u

  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
  DO I = its, ite

    IF (i == ids) THEN
      z_at_u = grid%phb(i,1,j)/g
    ELSE IF (i == ide) THEN
      z_at_u = grid%phb(i-1,1,j)/g
    ELSE
      z_at_u = 0.5*(grid%phb(i,1,j)+grid%phb(i-1,1,j))/g
    END IF

    p_surf = interp_0( p_in, zk, z_at_u, nl_in )

    DO K = 1, kte-1
      p_level = grid%znu(k)*(p_surf - grid%p_top) + grid%p_top
      grid%u_1(i,k,j) = interp_0( u, p_in, p_level, nl_in )
      grid%u_2(i,k,j) = grid%u_1(i,k,j)
    ENDDO

  ENDDO
  ENDDO

!  set w

  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
  DO K = kts, kte
  DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)
    grid%w_1(i,k,j) = 0.
    grid%w_2(i,k,j) = 0.
  ENDDO
  ENDDO
  ENDDO

! ub>>
  write (6,*) ' kts,kte=',kts,kte
  write (6,'(A3,x,7A10)') 'k','z of eta','dz of eta','theta','qv','u'
  do k = kts, kte-1
    write(6,'(I3,x,7F10.3)') k, alttde(k), alttde(k)-alttde(Max(1,k-1)),grid%t_1(its,k,jts)+t0,moist(its,k,jts,P_QV)/(1.+moist(its,k,jts,P_QV))*1000.0,grid%u_1(its,k,jts)
  end do
! ub<<

!  set a few more things

  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
  DO K = kts, kte-1
  DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)
    grid%h_diabatic(i,k,j) = 0.
  ENDDO
  ENDDO
  ENDDO

  IF ( wrf_dm_on_monitor() ) THEN
  DO k=1,kte-1
    grid%t_base(k) = grid%t_1(1,k,1)
    grid%qv_base(k) = moist(1,k,1,P_QV)
    grid%u_base(k) = grid%u_1(1,k,1)
    grid%v_base(k) = grid%v_1(1,k,1)
    grid%z_base(k) = 0.5*(grid%phb(1,k,1)+grid%phb(1,k+1,1)+grid%ph_1(1,k,1)+grid%ph_1(1,k+1,1))/g
  ENDDO
  ENDIF
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( grid%t_base , kte )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( grid%qv_base , kte )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( grid%u_base , kte )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( grid%v_base , kte )
  CALL wrf_dm_bcast_real( grid%z_base , kte )

  DO J = jts, min(jde-1,jte)
  DO I = its, min(ide-1,ite)
     thtmp   = grid%t_2(i,1,j)+t0
     ptmp    = grid%p(i,1,j)+grid%pb(i,1,j)
     temp(1) = thtmp * (ptmp/p1000mb)**rcp
     thtmp   = grid%t_2(i,2,j)+t0
     ptmp    = grid%p(i,2,j)+grid%pb(i,2,j)
     temp(2) = thtmp * (ptmp/p1000mb)**rcp
     thtmp   = grid%t_2(i,3,j)+t0
     ptmp    = grid%p(i,3,j)+grid%pb(i,3,j)
     temp(3) = thtmp * (ptmp/p1000mb)**rcp

     grid%tsk(I,J)=grid%cf1*temp(1)+grid%cf2*temp(2)+grid%cf3*temp(3)
     grid%tmn(I,J)=grid%tsk(I,J)-0.5
  ENDDO
  ENDDO

  !  Template for initializing trajectories.  The i, j, and k starting locations
  !  are specified.  Right now, a small plane in the middle of the domain is
  !  selected.

  grid%traj_i    = -9999
  grid%traj_j    = -9999
  grid%traj_k    = -9999
  grid%traj_lat  = -9999
  grid%traj_long = -9999
  grid%xlat(its:ite,jts:jte) = lat
  grid%xlong(its:ite,jts:jte) = lon
   
  IF (config_flags%num_traj .gt. 0 .and. config_flags%traj_opt .gt. 0) THEN
     icount = 1
     DO j = (jde + jds)/2 - 2, (jde + jds)/2 + 2, 1
        DO i = (ide + ids)/2 - 2, (ide + ids)/2 + 2, 1
           IF ( its .LE. i    .and. ite .GE. i   .and.  jts .LE. j    .and. jte .GE. j ) THEN
              grid%traj_i   (icount) = i
              grid%traj_j   (icount) = j
              grid%traj_k   (icount) = 10
              grid%traj_lat (icount) = grid%xlat(i,j)
              grid%traj_long(icount) = grid%xlong(i,j)
           END IF

#ifdef DM_PARALLEL
           grid%traj_i   (icount) = wrf_dm_max_real ( grid%traj_i   (icount) )
           grid%traj_j   (icount) = wrf_dm_max_real ( grid%traj_j   (icount) )
           grid%traj_k   (icount) = wrf_dm_max_real ( grid%traj_k   (icount) )
           grid%traj_lat (icount) = wrf_dm_max_real ( grid%traj_lat (icount) )
           grid%traj_long(icount) = wrf_dm_max_real ( grid%traj_long(icount) )
#endif

           icount = icount + 1
           IF (icount .GT. config_flags%num_traj) THEN
              EXIT
           END IF
        END DO
     END DO 
  END IF

     write(0,*) 'End of init_domain_rk'

 END SUBROUTINE init_domain_rk

   SUBROUTINE init_module_initialize
   END SUBROUTINE init_module_initialize

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

!  test driver for get_sounding
!
!      implicit none
!      integer n
!      parameter(n = 1000)
!      real zk(n),p(n),theta(n),rho(n),u(n),v(n),qv(n),pd(n)
!      logical dry
!      integer nl,k
!
!      dry = .false.
!      dry = .true.
!      call get_sounding( zk, p, pd, theta, rho, u, v, qv, dry, n, nl )
!      write(6,*) ' input levels ',nl
!      write(6,*) ' sounding '
!      write(6,*) '  k  height(m)  press (Pa) pd(Pa) theta (K) den(kg/m^3)  u(m/s)     v(m/s)    qv(g/g) '
!      do k=1,nl
!        write(6,'(1x,i3,8(1x,1pe10.3))') k, zk(k), p(k), pd(k), theta(k), rho(k), u(k), v(k), qv(k)
!      enddo
!      end
!
!---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      subroutine get_sounding( zk, p, p_dry, theta, rho, &
                               u, v, qv, etal, dry, nl_max, nl_in, th_surf  )
      implicit none

      integer nl_max, nl_in
      real zk(nl_max), p(nl_max), theta(nl_max), rho(nl_max), &
           u(nl_max), v(nl_max), qv(nl_max), p_dry(nl_max), etal(nl_max)
      logical dry

      integer n
      parameter(n=1000)
      logical debug
      parameter( debug = .true.)
      character*256 message

! input sounding data

      real p_surf, th_surf, qv_surf
      real pi_surf, pi(n)
      real h_input(n), th_input(n), qv_input(n), u_input(n), v_input(n)

! diagnostics

      real rho_surf, p_input(n), rho_input(n)
      real pm_input(n)  !  this are for full moist sounding

! local data

      real r
      parameter (r = r_d)
      integer k, it, nl
      real qvf, qvf1, dz

!  first, read the sounding

      call read_sounding( p_surf, th_surf, qv_surf, &
                          h_input, th_input, qv_input, u_input, v_input,pm_input,n, nl, debug )

      if(dry) then
       do k=1,nl
         qv_input(k) = 0.
       enddo
      endif

      if(debug) write(6,*) ' number of input levels = ',nl

        nl_in = nl
        if(nl_in .gt. nl_max ) then
          write(6,*) ' too many levels for input arrays ',nl_in,nl_max
          call wrf_error_fatal ( ' too many levels for input arrays ' )
        end if

!  compute diagnostics,
!  first, convert qv(g/kg) to qv(g/g)

      do k=1,nl
        qv_input(k) = 0.001*qv_input(k)
      enddo

      p_surf = 100.*p_surf  ! convert to pascals
      qvf = 1. + rvovrd*qv_input(1) 
      rho_surf = 1./((r/p1000mb)*th_surf*qvf*((p_surf/p1000mb)**cvpm))
      pi_surf = (p_surf/p1000mb)**(r/cp)

      if(debug) then
        write(6,*) ' surface density is ',rho_surf
        write(6,*) ' surface pi is      ',pi_surf
        write(6,*) ' th_surf,qvf,p_surf = ',th_surf,qvf,p_surf
        write(6,*) ' rvovrd,r,cvpm,cp = ',rvovrd,r,cvpm,cp
        write(6,*) ' dry = ',dry
      end if


!  integrate moist sounding hydrostatically, starting from the
!  specified surface pressure
!  -> first, integrate from surface to lowest level

          qvf = 1. + rvovrd*qv_input(1) 
          qvf1 = 1. + qv_input(1)
          rho_input(1) = rho_surf
          dz = h_input(1)
          do it=1,10
            IF ( .not. use_snd_plevels ) THEN
            pm_input(1) = p_surf &
                    - 0.5*dz*(rho_surf+rho_input(1))*g*qvf1
            ENDIF
            rho_input(1) = 1./((r/p1000mb)*th_input(1)*qvf*((pm_input(1)/p1000mb)**cvpm))
          enddo

     IF ( use_snd_plevels ) etal(1) = 1.

! integrate up the column

          do k=2,nl
            rho_input(k) = rho_input(k-1)
            dz = h_input(k)-h_input(k-1)
            qvf1 = 0.5*(2.+(qv_input(k-1)+qv_input(k)))
            qvf = 1. + rvovrd*qv_input(k)   ! qv is in g/kg here
 
            IF ( use_snd_plevels ) THEN
              etal(k) = (pm_input(k) - pm_input(nl))/(pm_input(1) - pm_input(nl))
            ENDIF
 
            do it=1,10
             IF ( .not. use_snd_plevels ) THEN
              pm_input(k) = pm_input(k-1) &
                      - 0.5*dz*(rho_input(k)+rho_input(k-1))*g*qvf1
              IF(pm_input(k) .LE. 0. )THEN
                CALL wrf_message("Integrated pressure has gone negative - too cold for chosen height")
                WRITE(message,*)'k,pm_input(k),h_input(k),th_input(k) = ',k,pm_input(k),h_input(k),th_input(k)
                CALL wrf_error_fatal ( message )
              ENDIF
              ENDIF
              rho_input(k) = 1./((r/p1000mb)*th_input(k)*qvf*((pm_input(k)/p1000mb)**cvpm))
            enddo
          enddo

          IF ( use_snd_zlevels ) THEN
            etal(1) = 1.
            write(6,*) 'readsnd: k,eta_level'
            k = 1
            write(6,*) k,etal(k)
            do k=2,nl
              etal(k) = (pm_input(k) - pm_input(nl))/(pm_input(1) - pm_input(nl))
              write(6,*) k,etal(k)
            enddo
          ENDIF

!  we have the moist sounding

!  next, compute the dry sounding using p at the highest level from the
!  moist sounding and integrating down.

        p_input(nl) = pm_input(nl)

          do k=nl-1,1,-1
            dz = h_input(k+1)-h_input(k)
            p_input(k) = p_input(k+1) + 0.5*dz*(rho_input(k)+rho_input(k+1))*g
          enddo


        do k=1,nl

          zk(k) = h_input(k)
          p(k) = pm_input(k)
          p_dry(k) = p_input(k)
          theta(k) = th_input(k)
          rho(k) = rho_input(k)
          u(k) = u_input(k) - ugrid
          v(k) = v_input(k) - vgrid
          qv(k) = qv_input(k)

        enddo

     if(debug) then
      write(6,*) ' sounding '

      IF ( use_snd_plevels ) THEN
      write(6,*) '  k  height(m)  press (Pa) pd(Pa) theta (K) den(kg/m^3)  u(m/s)     v(m/s)    qv(g/g) eta '
      do k=1,nl
        write(6,'(1x,i3,8(1x,1pe10.3))') k, zk(k), p(k), p_dry(k), theta(k), rho(k), u(k), v(k), qv(k),etal(k)
      enddo

      ELSE

      write(6,*) '  k  height(m)  press (Pa) pd(Pa) theta (K) den(kg/m^3)  u(m/s)     v(m/s)    qv(g/g) '
      do k=1,nl
        write(6,'(1x,i3,8(1x,1pe10.3))') k, zk(k), p(k), p_dry(k), theta(k), rho(k), u(k), v(k), qv(k)
      enddo

      ENDIF

     end if

      end subroutine get_sounding

!-------------------------------------------------------

      subroutine read_sounding( ps,ts,qvs,h,th,qv,u,v,p,n,nl,debug )
      implicit none
      integer n,nl
      real ps,ts,qvs,h(n),th(n),qv(n),u(n),v(n),p(n)
      real h0,pfac
      logical end_of_file
      logical debug

      integer k

      pfac = 1.0
      open(unit=10,file='input_sounding',form='formatted',status='old')
      rewind(10)
      read(10,*) ps, ts, qvs
      IF ( ps > 10000. ) pfac = 0.01
      ps = ps*pfac
      if(debug) then
        write(6,*) ' input sounding surface parameters '
        write(6,*) ' surface pressure (mb) ',ps
        write(6,*) ' surface pot. temp (K) ',ts
        write(6,*) ' surface mixing ratio (g/kg) ',qvs
      end if

      end_of_file = .false.
      k = 0

      IF ( use_snd_plevels ) THEN
      
      do while (.not. end_of_file)

        read(10,*,end=200) h(k+1), th(k+1), qv(k+1), u(k+1), v(k+1), p(k+1)
        IF ( k == 0 ) h0 = h(k+1)
!        p(k+1) = p(k+1)*pfac
        k = k+1
        h(k) = h(k) - h0
        if(debug) write(6,'(1x,i3,5(1x,e10.3))') k, h(k), th(k), qv(k), u(k), v(k), p(k)
        go to 210
 200    end_of_file = .true.
 210    continue
      enddo
      
      ELSE
      
      do while (.not. end_of_file)

        read(10,*,end=100) h(k+1), th(k+1), qv(k+1), u(k+1), v(k+1)
        k = k+1
        if(debug) write(6,'(1x,i3,5(1x,e10.3))') k, h(k), th(k), qv(k), u(k), v(k)
        go to 110
 100    end_of_file = .true.
 110    continue
      enddo

        IF ( use_snd_zlevels ) THEN ! reading in a commas-produced sounding
                                    ! Sounding has surface (w-point) and then 
                                    ! scalar points, so we need to fake a top
                                    ! w-point to use as eta level 0
        h(k+1) = h(k) + 0.5*(h(k)-h(k-1))
        th(k+1) = th(k) + 0.5*(th(k)-th(k-1))
        
        k = k+1
        u(k) = u(k-1)
        v(k) = v(k-1)
        qv(k) = qv(k-1)

        if(debug) write(6,'(1x,i3,5(1x,e10.3))') k, h(k), th(k), qv(k), u(k), v(k)
        
       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      nl = k

      close(unit=10,status = 'keep')

      end subroutine read_sounding

!-------------------------------------------------------

      subroutine read_soil( n,nl,tmn,tsk,zs,tslb,smois )
      implicit none
      integer n,nl
      real tmn,tsk
      real zs(n),tslb(n),smois(n)
      logical end_of_file
      logical debug 

      integer k
    
      debug = .true.

      open(unit=11,file='input_soil',form='formatted',status='old')
      rewind(11)

      read(11,*) zs(1),tmn,tsk

      if(debug) then
        write(6,*) ' input deep soil temperature (K) ',tmn
        write(6,*) ' input skin temperature (K) ',tsk
      end if

      end_of_file = .false.
      k = 0

      do while (.not. end_of_file)

        read(11,*,end=100) zs(k+1), tslb(k+1), smois(k+1)
        k = k+1
        if(debug) write(6,'(1x,i3,3(1x,f16.7))') k, zs(k), tslb(k), smois(k)
        go to 110
 100    end_of_file = .true.
 110    continue
      enddo

      nl = k

      close(unit=11,status = 'keep')

      end subroutine read_soil

! #####################################################################
!
!
! #####################################################################
!
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!
!  STRAKAS ATMOSPHERIC MODEL  (SAM)
!    Designed by Jerry M. Straka
!
!  RNDNUM(ISEED) (must define iseed=-1 on intialization 
!                 in user routine)
!
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
!2345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678912
!
!  start function for random numbers....
!
      real function rndnum(iseed)
!
      implicit none
!
!      real rndnum
!
      integer :: iseed
      real    ambig
      parameter (ambig=4000000)
      real    amseed
      parameter (amseed=1618033)
      real    amz,amj,amk
      parameter (amz=0)
!
      real, save ::    ama(55)
!
      real       fac
      parameter (fac=1./ambig)
!
      integer, save :: iff = 0, inext, inextp
      integer :: n, nn, m
!      save iff, inext, inextp, ama
!
!      data iff /0/
!
      if ( iseed .lt. 0 .or. iff .eq. 0 ) then
      iff = 1
      amj = amseed - abs(iseed)
      amj = mod(amj,ambig)
      ama(55) = amj
      amk = 1
      do n = 1,54
      nn = mod(21*n,55)
      ama(nn) = amk
      amk = amj-amk
      if (amk.lt.amz) amk=amk+ambig
      amj=ama(nn)
      end do
!
      do m = 1,4
      do n = 1,55
      ama(n)=ama(n)-ama(1+mod(n+30,55))
      if (ama(n).lt.amz) ama(n)=ama(n)+ambig
      end do
      end do
!
      inext = 0
      inextp = 31
      iseed = 1
!
      end if
!
! find random number
!
      inext=inext+1
      if (inext.eq.56) inext=1
      inextp=inextp+1
      if (inextp.eq.56) inextp=1
      amj=ama(inext)-ama(inextp)
      if (amj.lt.amz) amj=amj+ambig
      ama(inext)=amj
      rndnum=amj*fac
!
      return
      end function rndnum
!
!
!
!
!  end of random number function
!
! 
!
! #####################################################################

!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   SUBROUTINE ZGRID  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< !
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! Creates the vertical grid using a geometric stretch
!
! Option - set nbndlyr > 0 input deck.  A suggested value is ~ nz/4 to create a
! layer having constant resolution near the surface.
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 SUBROUTINE ZGRID_sub(dz, dz_stretch, nz, nbndlyr, gzc, gze, ng, dzmax,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop)

   implicit none


   real ::  dz, dz_stretch
   real ::  dzmax,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop
   integer, intent(in) :: nbndlyr, nz, ng
   double precision gzc(-ng+1:nz+ng), gze(-ng+1:nz+ng)

!   real dzmax
!   parameter( dzmax = 700. )
   integer n, k
   double precision stretch, zx, xmid, fmid, ztop
   real :: ztop1,tmp1,tmp2

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
! MPI LOCAL VARIABLES

! Use Newton interation to find grid coefficients

   ztop    = dz * (nz-1)
   zx      = 1.0d0
   stretch = 1.0d0

   IF( dz .gt. dz_stretch ) THEN

    DO n = 1,50

     IF( abs(zx) .gt. 1.0e-12 ) THEN
      zx   = zx * 0.5
      xmid = stretch + zx
      fmid = ZHEIGHT(dz_stretch,xmid,nz-1,dzmax,nbndlyr,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop) - ztop
!      write(6,*) 'Stretch: ',n,zx,xmid,fmid,fmid + ztop
      IF( fmid .le. 0.0 ) stretch = xmid
      IF ( fmid .eq. 0.0d0 ) EXIT
     ENDIF

    ENDDO

   ENDIF

   write(6,*)
   IF( stretch .gt. 1.1 ) THEN
!    IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
!     write(message,*) ' error in input jet dimensions '
!     CALL wrf_message (message)
    write(0,*) 'STRETCH FAC TOO BIG! - NUMERICAL ERRORS WILL BE LARGE'
    tmp1 = stretch
    write(0,*) 'STRETCH FAC  =  ', stretch
    write(0,*) 'INCREASE NZ in namelist or increase dz_bot'
!    ENDIF
    stop
   ELSE
!    IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
    tmp1 = stretch
    write(6,*) 'STRETCH FAC  = ', stretch
    ztop1 = ZHEIGHT(dz_stretch,stretch,nz-1,dzmax,nbndlyr,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop)
    write(6,*) 'ZGRID:  DOMAIN  HGT  = ', ztop1
!    ENDIF
   ENDIF

   gze(1) = 0.0
   DO k = 1,nz-1
    gze(k+1) = ZHEIGHT(dz_stretch,stretch,k,dzmax,nbndlyr,ztopstr,rtop,dzmaxtop)
    gzc(k)   = 0.5 * ( gze(k) + gze(k+1) )
    write(6,*) 'ZGRID: gze,gzc = ',k,gze(k+1),gzc(k)
   ENDDO

   gzc(nz) = 2.*gzc(nz-1) - gzc(nz-2)


  END SUBROUTINE ZGRID_sub

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------
! FUNCTION ZHEIGHT:  Computes the height of a geometrically stretched grid
!                    with a few wrinkles:  It can have a layer of constant
!                    dz at the bottom 'n1' layers thick, it also limits
!                    the size of dz at the top of the model to be 'dzmax'.

 REAL FUNCTION ZHEIGHT(dzbot,r,nz,dzmax,n1,zctop,ztopr,dzmax2)

  implicit none
  integer nz, n1, k, k2
  integer n2
  real dzbot
  double precision r
  double precision sum
  double precision dznew, dzmaxdp, dzmax2dp
  real dzmax
  real zctop  ! height for upper level stretch
  real ztopr  ! upper level stretch factor
  real dzmax2 ! maximum upper dz
  real dzm

  sum = 0.0d0
  dzmaxdp = dzmax
  dzmax2dp = dzmax2

!  zctop = 10000.
!  ztopr = 1.09
!  dzmax2 = 1000. ! 2*dzmax

  n2 = 0

  DO k = 1,nz

   IF( k .le. n1 ) THEN
    dznew=dzbot
   ELSE
    k2=k-n1
    dznew = Min(dzbot * r**(k2-1),dzmaxdp)
      IF ( sum .ge. zctop ) THEN
       IF ( n2 .eq. 0 ) dzm = Min(dznew,dzmaxdp)
       n2 = n2 + 1
       dznew = Min(dzm * ztopr**n2, dzmax2)
      ENDIF
   ENDIF
   sum = sum + dznew

  ENDDO

  ZHEIGHT = sum

 RETURN
 END FUNCTION ZHEIGHT


END MODULE module_initialize_ideal