diff --git a/Arch Linux UEFI Install Guide.md b/Arch Linux UEFI Install Guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f996ae --- /dev/null +++ b/Arch Linux UEFI Install Guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,531 @@ +# Arch Linux UEFI Install Guide + +This guide assumes that your default language is english and that you have a US qwerty style keyboard. This guide also assumes that you are on desktop with an AMDGPU or INTEL ARC graphics card, NVIDIA support is listed here but isn't recommended as driver support is not great. + +All steps listed with a `*` are required for a working install. + +"Nvidia, fuck you" - Linus Torvalds + +## 0. Getting the Installation ISO and verifying it's legit.* +If you want to skip verifying, then you can follow steps c to e, I'm not gonna stop you. But I would highly recommend you do verify the legitimacy of the ISO as it will save you from accidentally installing malware. + +Note: If you want to download the official torrent and use that instead of checking the mirror ISOs, you will need some form of [torrent client](https://www.qbittorrent.org/) to download the ISO through. + +a. Go to [archlinux.org](https://archlinux.org) and click on download.
+b. Scroll down to the HTTP Direct Downloads section and download the ISO from the repository hosted in your local country.
+Note: If the download mirrors are to confusing, there is a worldwide mirror available to you.
+c. Once the ISO is downloaded, go back to the main arch download page and download the pgp signature from the arch website directly. (DO NOT DOWNLOAD THE SIGNATURE FROM A DOWNLOAD MIRROR)
+d. Download [GnuPG](https://www.gnupg.org/) and once installed, run `gpg --auto-key-locate clear,wkd -v --locate-external-key pierre@archlinux.org` to download the signing key for the ISO.
+e. Once the signing key has been downloaded, run `gpg --verify archlinux-[the iso date]-x86_64.iso.sig archlinux-[the iso date]-x86_64.iso` to verify that the ISO is legit.
+f. Once you've verified the ISO, get some kind of ISO burner for a usb and just write the ISO to the USB. Use either [Rufus](https://rufus.ie/en/) if your on windows or another tool if on another platform. + + +## 1. Basic initial Setup.* +a. Run the command `cat /sys/firmware/efi/fw_platform_size` to verify that you have a UEFI BIOS. If you get the number `64` then your in UEFI.
+b. Run `timedatectl` to ensure the date and time is accurate to your current time. The time wont be imediately set if your using Wi-Fi. + + +## 2. Networking.* +If you are going to be using ethernet instead of WI-FI, then you can skip part 1 as it is automatically setup. + +### Part One (Wi-Fi only setup). +a. Run `ip link` to identify what network cards are available on your desktop.
+b. Run `iwctl` to enter the Wi-Fi configurator (iwd).
+c. Once in iwd, run `device list` to list the Wi-Fi card(s) available on your desktop.
+d. Run `station [Your wifi card] scan` to scan the local area for your network.
+e. Once completed, run `station [Your wifi card] get-networks` to list the recently scanned networks.
+f. Once you have identified your network, run `station [your wifi card] connect "[your network]"` to connect to your network.
+g. Once connected, press `ctrl + d` to exit iwd.
+h. Run `ip link` again to verify that you're getting an ip address connection to your Wi-Fi network. + +### Part Two (Testing Connection).* +Run `ping archlinux.org` to test if your internet connection is working correctly.
+Note: You can press `ctrl + c` to stop pinging the website. + + +## 3. Creating the Partition Tables.* +If you plan on dual booting Windows 10/11, STOP this guide is not for you. But if you still want to dualboot with windows, figure it out yourself, I will not help you here. + +Note: If you have a blank drive that you know is empty, then you can skip step c. + +a. Run `lsblk` to see what hard drives are installed in your PC.
+b. If you cannot identify what drive(s) you have installed (you have too many installed and can't identify each one), run `hdparm -i /dev/the_disk_to_be_partitioned` to double check that you've selected the right drive.
+c. If you only have one drive with another OS install on it and want to perform a clean install, run `gdisk /dev/the_disk_to_be_partitioned`. +- Press `x` to enable expert mode. +- Press `z` to delete the entire contents of the drive. + +d. Run `cgdisk /dev/the_disk_to_be_partitioned` to format the drive.
+e. Format the drive like this. +| Partition | Minimum Allocation | Maximum Allocation | Partition Type | Partition Name | +| --------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | -------------- | -------------- | +| Boot partition | Default | 1024MiB | EF00 | boot | +| Swap partition | Default | 16GiB | 8200 | swap | +| Root partition | Default | 32GiB | Default | root | +| Home partition | Default | The Remainder of the drive | Default | home | + +Help: EF00 = uefi bootable partition, 8200 = swap and 8300 = linux filesystem.
+Note: If you get something above the boot partition with 1000KiB of free space, DON'T TOUCH IT. That is the protective MBR allocation. + +f. write changes to disk. + + +## 4. Format and Mount your partitions.* +a. Run `lsblk` to list the drive with it's partition table created.
+b. Run `mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_partition` to format the root partition and run `mount /dev/root_partition /mnt` to mount the install stick to the drive.
+c. Run `mkfs.ext4 /dev/home_partition` to format the home partition and run `mount --mkdir /dev/home_partition /mnt/home` to create and mount the install stick to the home partition of the drive.
+d. Run `mkswap /dev/swap_partition` to format the swap partition and run `swapon /dev/swap_partition` to enable swap.
+e. Run `mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/efi_system_partition` to format the boot partition and run `mount --mkdir /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/boot` to create and mount the install stick to the boot partition of the drive. + + +## 5. Configure Mirrorlist. (Optional) +This step isn't really necessary but I would highly recommend it as it sorts the package mirrors from best to worst. + +Note: Since we don't have a GUI interface for file management we must do everything through command line. Don't worry though, it's completely safe. + +a. Run `pacman -Sy` to update the package database on the ISO.
+b. Once completed, run `pacman -S pacman-contrib` to install the necessary tools for sorting the mirrorlist.
+c. Run `cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup` to create a backup of the current mirrorlist.
+d. Once the copy has been created, run `nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` to see if all the servers that are listed in the file are uncommented.
+e. Once exited nano, run `rankmirrors -n 6 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.backup > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` to sort the servers in the backup file and copy it to the main file. + + +## 6. Download/Installing Essential Packages.* +This step is where you get to actually install your system. + +The following packages that will be installed are the necessary core packages and the drivers for the install as well as some drivers for wifi cards, sound cards, and your CPU manufacturer's microcode. + +To install the core components, run `pacstrap -K /mnt base base-devel linux linux-headers linux-firmware linux-firmware-marvell man-db man-pages tex-info nano sof-firmware` and before you confirm the command, add either the `intel-ucode` or `amd-ucode` packages to install your CPU Microcode. + + +## 7. Generating the fstab file and chrooting into the install.* +This step is where you will generate the drives partition UUID as without doing so will result in a system that wont know what it's doing. + +a. Run `genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab` to generate the fstab file.
+b. Run `arch-chroot /mnt` to gain access to your install.
+Congratulations, you are now in your Arch Linux install. Now you will complete the next few steps on your computer. + + +## 8. Localisation.* +This step is necessary so that your Arch Linux install knows where you are from so that the locale and timmezones will be set accordingly. It will also set the system clock for time syncronisation. + +WARNING: Anything and everything listed in this part is important and messing up when entering any of these commands will result in a dead install. + +a. Run `nano /etc/locale.gen` and scroll down to your country's locale and uncomment it.
NOTE: If you don't know your locale then uncomment `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8`.
Should look something like this. +``` +#en_SG.UTF-8 UTF-8 +#en_SG ISO-8859-1 +en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 +#en_ZA.UTF-8 UTF-8 +#en_Za ISO-8859-1 +``` +b. Once your locale has been uncommented, save and exit nano and run `locale-gen` to generate the locale files for your install.
+c. Even though you've already assigned the locale with locale.gen, you will still need to echo the locale to a specific file necessary for older programs to function correctly. To do this run `echo "LANG=[the locale you selected].UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf` to set the legacy locale for your install.
+d. This step is important and should be done either way. Run `export LANG=[the locale you selected].UTF-8`.
+e. You can skip this step if you have a qwerty us keyboard. If you have a keyboard other than the us qwerty layout, run `echo "KEYMAP=[your keyboard layout]" >> /etc/vconsole.conf` to set the correct keyboard scheme for your keyboard. + + +## 9. Timezones.* +This step is to set the arch linux timezone correct to the one that you are in. + +a. To set the timezone, run `ls /usr/share/zoneinfo` to list the unix timezones available on Arch Linux.
+b. Once you have found your timezone, run `ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/[Your Country Here]/[Your Timezone Here] /etc/localtime` to register a symbolic link for your timezone.
+c. To link the software clock to the hardware clock of your computer, run `hwclock --systohc` to set the hardware clock. + + +## 10. Configure Pacman/Package Manager.* +This step is where you will configure pacman to be able to download multiple packages at the same time and also enable the ability to download 32-bit packages through the Multilib repository. + +a. Run `nano /etc/pacman.conf` to enter the pacman config file.
+b. Uncomment the line that you see below to enable the 32 bit package repository.
+ +``` +[multilib] +Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist +``` + +c. In the Misc Options area, add/uncomment the following items. `ParallelDownloads = 5` for download threading, `Color` if you want some color, and `ILoveCandy` for easter egg.
+d. Once saved, run `pacman -Sy` to apply the modified changes to the config file and download the new repository. + + +## 11. Installing additional packages and enable system services.* +This step is where you are going to install some more packages and some miscellaneous drivers for connecting the internet as well as enabling some necessary system functions. + +Note: Skip the fstrim service if you did not install onto an SSD. + +a. Run `pacman -S git networkmanager reflector pacman-contrib bash-completion` to install the listed packages.
+b. Once all packages have been installed, enable the following services to start the necessary drivers and system functions. +``` +systemctl enable NetworkManager.service +systemctl enable fstrim.timer +systemctl enable reflector.timer +``` + +## 12. Hostname Configuration and User Setup.* +This step is where you will set the name of the computer name and add your user account(s). + +a. Run `echo "[Insert Computer Name Here]" >> /etc/hostname` to set the name of the computer.
+b. Run `nano /etc/hosts` and add the following into the file. +``` +127.0.0.1 localhost +::1 localhost +127.0.1.1 [Add same hostname as before.] +``` + +c. To setup the administrator/root account, run `passwd` to create and set the root password.
+d. To add/create a user account, run `useradd -m -G wheel,storage -s /bin/bash [Insert Username Here]` to create your user account.
+e. Run `passwd [Insert Username Here]` to set the password for the user account that you just created.
+f. Once the user account(s) have been setup, run `EDITOR=nano visudo` to edit the administrative permissions/sudo.
+g. Uncomment `%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL` and add `Defaults rootpw` to the bottom of the file. + +Note: The `Defaults rootpw` is so that you use the root password instead of your user password for running sudo commands which makes your install behave more like windows. + + +## Bootloader.* +Here is where you will be able to play a little choose your own adventure story for your install. There are three commonly used boot loaders that people tend to install on their systems. Choose the one you prefer and forget about the other ones. + +GRand Unified Bootloader / GRUB. (Easy Mode)
+This bootloader is the most common across most distro's and has the most documentation around customisation and configurations. This is my main go to for bootloaders as it's highly customisable and easy to use.
+ +rEFInd. (Medium Mode)
+This bootloader was originally designed for dualbooting OSX/mac but has been improved to support many more operating systems. This is what I would recommend if your trying to dualboot windows for some reason. (Still not helping with setting up windows dualboot). + +Systemd-Boot. (Hard Mode)
+This bootloader is designed to be a simple one OS install bootloader and is what I would generally recommended to you as the packages are preinstalled onto your system during install. + +If you choose to install GRUB then ONLY do 13a.
+If you choose to install rEFInd then ONLY do 13b.
+If you choose to install Systemd-Boot then ONLY do 13c. + +### 13a. GRUB. (Linux dual boot/Easy Mode) +a. Run `pacman -S grub efibootmgr` to install the necessary packages for installing GRUB.
+b. Once the packages are downloaded, run `grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB` to inject and install GRUB into your system.
+c. Once the bootloader is installed, run `grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg` to generate the configuration files for the bootloader. + +### 13b. rEFInd. (Medium Mode) +a. Run `pacman -S refind` to install the necessary packages for installing rEFInd.
+b. Once the packages are downloaded, run `refind-install` to inject and install rEFInd to your system.
+c. Once the bootloader is installed, run `nano /boot/refind_linux.conf` and modify the "Boot with standard options" line so that it has `initrd=[Your CPU Brand]-ucode.img` at the end. (This will need fixing in the future) + +### 13c. Systemd-Boot. (Requires manual entries/Hard Mode) +a. You will not need to download any packages when installing SystemD-Boot but you will need to verify the presence of the efi firmware on your system, to do this run `ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars` to verify if the system efi firmware is mounted and installed.
+b. Once confirmed the presence of efi firmware, run `bootctl install` to inject and install Systemd-Boot to your system.
+c. Once the bootloader is installed, run `nano /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` and add the following lines. +``` +title Arch Linux +linux /vmlinuz-linux (change this depending on what kernel you have. for example, linux-lts for the lts kernel or linux-zen for the zen kernel). +initrd /initramfs-linux.img +``` + +d. Once added everything into the file, run `echo "options root=PARTUUID=$(blkid -s PARTUUID -o value /dev/root_partition) rw" >> /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` to add the partition UUID for the root partition. This is important as it tells Arch Linux to only boot to that drive. (Credit to Glorious Eggroll for this command.) + + +## 14. Graphics Drivers.* +This step is what I like to call "NIGHTMARE MODE" as in this step, you will be installing your GPU drivers. The drivers have been sorted based on what manufacturer your card is from. So select the one that matches your card. + +Note: There are two NVIDIA drivers, the proprietary driver is for gtx700 series to rtx30 series, and the open modules are for rtx20 series and newer. So PLEASE be careful when installing your GPU drivers for NVIDIA. + +| Manufacturer | Instructions | +| ------------ | ------------ | +| AMD | For AMDGPU drivers, run `pacman -S xf86-video-amdgpu mesa vulkan-radeon lib32-mesa lib32-vulkan-radeon vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader` to install the drivers. | +| INTEL | For INTEL ARC drivers, run `pacman -S xf86-video-intel mesa intel-compute-runtime intel-media-driver vulkan-intel lib32-mesa lib32-vulkan-intel vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader` to install the drivers. | +| NVIDIA (PROPRIETARY) | For MAXWELL (gtx700) to ADA LOVELACE (rtx30) cards, run `pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-utils egl-wayland libglvnd libva-nvidia-driver opencl-nvidia lib32-nvidia-utils lib32-libglvnd lib32-opencl-nvidia nvidia-settings vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader` to install the drivers. | +| NVIDIA (Open GPU Kernel Modules) | For all newer cards from TURING (rtx20) onwards, run `pacman -S nvidia-open-dkms nvidia-utils egl-wayland libglvnd libva-nvidia-driver opencl-nvidia lib32-nvidia-utils lib32-libglvnd lib32-opencl-nvidia nvidia-settings vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader` to install the drivers. | + + +## Configure Drivers for KMS/Wayland Support.* +This step should only be done with the version that matches your card. + +If you have installed the NVIDIA drivers then ONLY do step 14a.
+If you have installed the AMDGPU drivers then ONLY do step 14b.
+If you have installed the INTEL ARC drivers then ONLY do step 14c. + +WARNING: If for whatever reason you mess up on these steps your system is dead! + +### 15a. NVIDIA +a. Run `nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and edit the `MODULES()` line to look like this.
+``` +MODULES(... nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm ...) +``` +b. Once those modules have been added, save the file and run `mkinitcpio -P` to regenerate the kernel initramfs.
+ +### 15b. AMDGPU +a. Run `nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and edit the `MODULES()` line to look like this.
+``` +MODULES(... amdgpu ...) +``` +b. Once this module has been added, save the file and run `mkinitcpio -P` to regenerate the kernel initramfs.
+ +### 15c. INTEL +a. Run `nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and edit the `MODULES()` line to look like this.
+``` +MODULES(... i915 ...) +``` +b. Once this module has been added, save the file and run `mkinitcpio -P` to regenerate the kernel initramfs.
+ + +## 16. Unmount drives and Reboot system.* +a. Once you have finished setting up drivers, run the `exit` command to return back to the install drive.
+b. Once you're back in the install drive, run `umount -r /mnt` to safely unount the install partitions from the install drive.
+c. `reboot`
+Congratulations. You have sucessfully installed the base version of Arch Linux. + +However you're not done just yet. You still need to install a desktop and setup audio drivers. + + +## 17. General First Install Checks.* +This step is just a general after installation check to ensure that nothing went wrong with the install. This step also contains configuration guides for regenerating mirrorlists automatically. + +Important: Now that you're actually using your Arch Linux install now, you will need to use the sudo command in order to perform root/administrator privilages. + +a. Once rebooted and logged in, run `systemctl --failed` to verify that a sucessful boot had occured.
+b. Run `sudo reflector --country [Your Country Here] --age 12 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` to set refector to generate the mirrorlist based on the settings given.
+c. Run `sudo nano /etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf` and make sure the file is configured to your liking. An example has been provided below: +``` +--country [Your Country Here] +--age 12 +--protocol https +--sort rate +--save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist +``` + +d. Run `sudo pacman -Sy` to resync and update the servers. + + +## 18. Enabling AUR support and flatpak. (Not requirement but nice to have) +This step enables the ability to use the best part of Arch linux. The Arch User Repository (AUR). This will also install flatpak for official universal packages (this is simialr to what windows does). + +Traditionally, packages from the AUR have to be downloaded and compiled onto your system from source code, but with a program called an AUR Helper, it builds and installs everything for you. + +a. To install an AUR helper, run `git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru-bin.git` to download the required files to compile Paru (the AUR helper).
+b. Once downloaded, `cd paru-bin` to go into the newly downloaded folder.
+c. Once you are in the `paru-bin` folder, run `makepkg -si` to install Paru.
+d. Once Paru is installed you update all packages installed on your computer through it as it also acts as a pacman replacement.
+e. Now that Paru is installed, you can now install flatpak by running `sudo pacman -S flatpak` to install the main flatpak app and repository.
+f. Normally, once flatpak is installed you would run `reboot` to complete the installation of flatpak. But we'll do that later. + + +## 19. Audio Drivers.* +This step is required if you want to have a working audio and video sharing setup. + +Note: One of the packages, `pipewire` to be exact, is a requirement for Wayland since by itself Wayland does NOT allow screen capture for programs. + +To install audio drivers, run `sudo pacman -S alsa-ucm-conf alsa-utils alsa-plugins pavucontrol pipewire pipewire-audio pipewire-alsa pipewire-jack pipewire-pulse lib32-pipewire lib32-pipewire-jack qpwgraph wireplumber` to install all the packages needed for a working audio setup. + + +## 20. Graphical Environment.* +This step is probably the most confusing to new users. (It is also the most difficult part for me to mantain as stuff changes every few months). + +Currently, there are two well known video drivers that a linux system can have installed, both of them being Wayland and Xorg (legacy). This guide is mainly focused on Xorg as most apps still use it (like most games), however if you want to use Wayland instead of Xorg then it's already been set up and enabled. + +If you do not want to use Xorg at all and want to have a pure Wayland configuration, then you can skip part 1 of this step and just install a Wayland based desktop environment. + +Note: Most Wayland compositors may not work with Nvidia GPU's, so if you have Nvidia GPU use Xorg. + +### Part 1. Installing Xorg. (Soon to be moved to just individual Desktop Envoirnments that require it) +To install Xorg and all it's necessary packages, run `sudo pacman -S xorg xorg-xinit` to install Xorg. + +### Part 2. Selecting your Desktop Environment and or Window Manager. +Note: Most desktops are now based on Wayland and have Xorg as fallback. + +Important: You can no longer use KDE on Xorg as upstream has removed the functionality. + +| Xorg Desktop Environment | Instructions | +| ------------------------ | ------------ | +| AwesomeWM | Run `sudo pacman -S awesome alacritty pcmanfm-qt` to install the packages for a working install of AwesomeWM. | +| DWM | DWM is the most barebones Window manager, as a result of this the instuctions have been moved. Go to [DWM Install Guide](https://github.com/Luca06Luwa/Linux-Guides/blob/WIP-md-version/DWM%20Install%20Guide.md) if you want to install DWM. | +| i3 | Run `sudo pacman -S i3 alacritty pcmanfm-qt dmenu` to install the packages for a working install of i3. | +| Xfce | Run `sudo pacman -S xfce xfce-goodies network-manager-applet` to install the packages for a working install of Xfce. | + +| Wayland Desktop Environments | Instructions | +| ---------------------------- | ------------ | +| Gnome | Run `sudo pacman -S gnome gnome-tweaks xdg-desktop-portal-gnome` to install the packages for a working install of Gnome. | +| Hyprland | Because Hyprland has many first party dependencies, visit the [Hyprland wiki](https://wiki.hyprland.org/) to have a properly working install. (seperate guide soon) | +| KDE Plasma | Run `sudo pacman -S plasma kde-applications qt5-wayland xdg-desktop-portal-kde` to install the packages for a working install of KDE Plasma. When prompted, select the VLC backend for audio. | +| Sway | Note: If you have an existing i3 installation, this will be a drop in replacement as sway uses the same i3 configuration files.
Run `sudo pacman -S sway swaylock swayidle waybar swww dunst polkit-kde-agent qt5-wayland qt6-wayland cliplist light grim slurp alacritty xdg-desktop-portal-wlr pcmanfm-qt` to install most of the packages reqired for a working install of Sway.
With Paru, run `paru -S tofi waypaper` to install the application launcher. | + +### Part 3. Installing and enabling a display manager. +Most display managers are designed to work with the desktop that they are typically packaged with. The only display managers that work universally are StartX, LightDM, wlroots on TTY, and uwsm. + +| Display Manager | Instructions | +| --------------- | ------------ | +| GDM (Gnome Only) | Note: Since GDM is included with Gnome you don't need to install anything.
To enable the Display Manager upon reboot run `sudo systemctl enable gdm.service`. | +| SDDM (X11 & Wayland (except sway)) | Run `sudo pacman -S sddm` to install SDDM and then run `sudo systemctl enable sddm.service` to enable the Display Manager upon reboot. | +| LightDM (X11 Only) | Run `sudo pacman -S lightdm` to install the base version of lightDM and run `sudo systemctl enable lightdm.service` to enable the Display Manager upon reboot.
Since LightDM does not include a environment to run on you wil have to install one of the greeters listed below. | +| StartX (X11 Only) | Since StartX is kind of difficult to setup, I will simply link you to the [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Xinit#Autostart_X_at_login) for instructions. | +| wlroots on TTY (Wayland Only) | Since most wayland compositors are based on wlroots, they do not allow launching with a Display Manager. So, I will simply link to the [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Sway#Automatically_on_TTY_login) for instructions on how to setup TTY login. | +| uwsm (Hyprland and Sway Only) | 1. Run `sudo pacman -S uwsm` to install uwsm
2. Follow the steps in the Hyprland Guide. | + +### (Only for LightDM) Part 4. Choose the greeter you want to use for LightDM. +If you have installed any other display manager other than LightDM, then you can skip this step. + +By itself, LightDM does not come with any user interfaces. There are two versions that are listed here, one uses GTK as a customiser which is good if you have installed Xfce and the other uses Webkit2 as a customiser. If you want a style that looks like Gnome/Xfce, then install the GTK version. If you want a style that's easy to configure and looks great, then install the Webkit2 version. + +| Greeter | Instructions | +| ------- | ------------ | +| GTK | Run `sudo pacman -S lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings` to install the GTK greeter and configurator tool. | +| Webkit2 | Run `sudo pacman -S lightdm-webkit2-greeter` to install the webkit2 greeter. | + + +## 21. Zsh Setup and Configuration. (Optional) +This step is if you want to use a different terminal shell from the default bash shell. + +Note: Zsh is plugin based for most customisations and most of those plugins are easy to install, as a result, most plugin managers such as Oh My Zsh are not needed and are actually considered bloatware. + +a. To install Zsh, run `sudo pacman -S zsh zsh-completions` to install core Zsh and some first party plugins.
+b. Once Zsh is installed, run `zsh` to begin the initial setup.
+c. Now that Zsh is configured to your liking, run `chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh` to set Zsh as your default terminal shell. + +Tip: You might want to move some code from the `.bashrc` file to the `.zshrc` file (e.g. the prompt and the aliases). It's also recommended to move code from the `.bash_profile` file to the `.zprofile` file (e.g. the code that makes your window manager work). + + +## 22. Gstreamer Full Support. (Everything except KDE and Window Managers using VLC or MPV) +This step only applies to users who have installed a Desktop Environment/Window manager and don't want to utilise VLC for audio backend. Users who have installed a Window Manager or have installed KDE with VLC as a backend can skip this step entirely. + +To install Gstreamer, run `sudo pacman -S gstreamer lib32-gstreamer gst-libav gst-plugins-bad gst-plugins-base gst-plugins-good gst-plugins-ugly gst-plugins-pipewire gstreamer-vaapi` and `paru -S gst-plugin-libde265 gst-plugins-openh264` to install the base package and other audio codec's. + + +## 23. Reboot and login.* +Remember how I said at step 18 that we would skip the reboot part for flatpak, guess what, it's here. + +Now that you have everything installed, `reboot` and login to your user account and then you should see the Desktop you installed.
+Congratulations You have sucessfully installed Arch Linux. + + +## Applications. +This is a list of all programs that have linux support that I am aware of. There are games and other programs in here too. + +Note 1: This list is only if your using the terminal for installing packages and before you install a program, always remember to run a `sudo pacman -Sy` or `sudo pacman -Syu` every few months to make sure that the repos and packages are up to date so that there is no incompatibility issues. + +Note 2: If a program is distributed as an appimage, please use AppImageLauncher to install it instead of running it manually. It's the same thing as a windows exe that you aren't sure about. + +This list has been seperated into multiple sections based on what the package relates to. + +| Essential Packages | Commands | +| ------------------ | -------- | +| AppImageLauncher | `paru -S appimagelauncher` | +| 7-Zip | `sudo pacman -S 7zip` | +| Windows 11 Fonts | `paru -S ttf-ms-win11-auto` | +| Timeshift | `sudo pacman -S timeshift` | +| Downgrade | `paru -S downgrade` | +| Brave Browser | `paru -Sy brave-bin` | +| Librewolf | `paru -S librewolf-bin` | +| Floorp | refer to flatpak | +| KeepassXC | `sudo pacman -S keepass-xc` | +| Bluetooth | 1. `sudo pacman -S bluez bluez-utils`
2. `sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service` | + +| Game Launchers | Commands | +| -------------- | -------- | +| Steam | `sudo pacman -S steam` | +| Lutris | `sudo pacman -S lutris`
Note: Lutris requires you to have already installed the base version of Wine | +| YARG | 1. `sudo pacman -S hidapi systemd-libs`
2. [Download on Github](https://github.com/YARC-Official/YARG?tab=readme-ov-file#-downloading-and-playing)| +| Heroic Games Launcher (epic/gog) | `flatpak install heroicgameslauncher` | +| Prism Launcher (minecraft) | `flatpak install prismlauncher` | + +| Games | Commands | +| ----- | -------- | +| osu! | [Download on Github](https://github.com/YARC-Official/YARG?tab=readme-ov-file#-downloading-and-playing) | +| Katawa Shoujo[.](https://4leafstudios.itch.io/katawa-shoujo) | `flatpak install katawa-shoujo-reengineered-bin` | +| Clone Hero v1.0.0.4080-final | `paru -S clonehero` | +| Clone Hero v1.1.0.4261-PTB | `paru -S clonehero-ptb` | +| Doki Doki Literature Club | [Download on itch](https://teamsalvato.itch.io/ddlc) | +| Monika After Story Mod | [Download on Github](https://www.monikaafterstory.com/) | +| MonikA.I | [Download on Github](https://github.com/Rubiksman78/MonikA.I) | + +| Emulators (origin) | Commands | +| --------- | -------- | +| Dolphin Emulator (Wii/GC) (Arch Package) | `sudo pacman -S dolphin-emu` | +| pcsx2 (PS2) (Upstream) | `flatpak install pcsx2` | +| Meson (NES) (Upstream) | [Download on Github](https://github.com/SourMesen/Mesen2/releases) | +| rpcs3 (PS3) (Upstream) | `git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/rpcs3-git.git && cd rpcs3-git && makepkg -sri` | +| melonDS (Upstream) | `flatpak install melonds` | +| CEMU (Wii U) (Upstream) | `flatpak install cemu` | +| mGBA (GBA/GB) (Arch Package) | `sudo pacman -S mgba-qt` | +| ares (SNES/N64) (Arch Package) | `paru -S ares-emu` | +| Lime3DS (Upstream) | `flatpak install lime3ds` | +| ñ (PabloMK7 Fork) | Lost media | +| Azahar (3DS) (Upstream) | `flatpak install azahar` | + +| Media | Commands | +| ----- | -------- | +| Ani-Cli | `paru -S ani-cli` | +| MPV | `sudo pacman -S mpv` | +| VLC | Note: If you chose to install VLC for KDE, skip the first step and just install the plugins.
1. `sudo pacman -S vlc`
2. `sudo pacman -S vlc-plugins-all` | +| VLC-luajit | `paru -S vlc-luajit`
Note: This one is useful if you plan to use oobs-tytan652 | +| GoXLR-Utility | `paru -S goxlr-utility` | +| Physical Media | 1. `sudo pacman -S libcdio libdvdread libdvdcss libdvdnav libbluray libaacs`
2. For bluray to work correctly, follow the [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Blu-ray#Playback)
Note: If your using KDE applications to read cd's, run `sudo pacman -S audiocd-kio` to install the package. | +| rubyripper | `paru -S rubyripper` | + +| Compatibility Tools/Wine | Commands | +| ------------------------ | -------- | +| Proton-GE | [Download on Github](https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/proton-ge-custom) | +| Wine-GE | [Download on Github](https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom) | +| GameMode | `sudo pacman -S gamemode lib32-gamemode` | +| Protonup-QT | `paru -S protonup-qt` | +| Wine | Please note that wine is literally a dependency nightmare if you don't know what you are doing.
1. `sudo pacman -S wine-staging winetricks`
2. `sudo pacman -S --needed alsa-lib alsa-plugins cups dosbox ffmpeg giflib gnutls gst-plugins-base-libs gtk3 lib32-alsa-lib lib32-alsa-plugins lib32-giflib lib32-gnutls lib32-gst-plugins-base-libs lib32-gtk3 lib32-libpulse lib32-libva lib32-libxcomposite lib32-libxinerama lib32-ocl-icd lib32-sdl2-compact lib32-v4l-utils lib32-vulkan-icd-loader libgphoto2 libpulse libva libxcomposite libxinerama ocl-icd samba sane sdl2-compact v4l-utils vulkan-icd-loader wine-gecko wine-mono libpng lib32-libpng libldap lib32-libldap mpg123 lib32-mpg123 openal lib32-openal libjpeg-turbo lib32-libjpeg-turbo ncurses lib32-ncurses opencl-icd-loader lib32-opencl-icd-loader libxslt lib32-libxslt` | +| WineASIO | This package is good for if you plan on running Ableton or FL Studio in Wine
1. `paru -S wineasio`
2. `sudo usermod -aG realtime $(whoami)`
3. Run `wine64 regsvr32 /usr/lib/wine/x86_64-windows/wineasio64.dll` and `regsvr32 /usr/lib/wine/i386-windows/wineasio32.dll` to register the 32bit and 64 bit registry | + +| Miscellaneous | Commands | +| ------------- | -------- | +| qBittorrent | `sudo pacman -S qbittorrent` | +| OpenRGB | 1. `sudo pacman -S openrgb`
2. `sudo pacman -S i2c-tools` | +| Rofi | `sudo pacman -S rofi` | +| Zsh plugins | 1. `sudo pacman -S zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions`
2. `echo "source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> .zshrc` and `echo "source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh" >> .zshrc` | +| Syncthing | `sudo pacman -S syncthing` | +| Bridge/Enchor.us | [Download on Github](https://github.com/Geomitron/Bridge) | + +| Programming | Commands | +| ----------- | -------- | +| Python | `sudo pacman -S python python-pip` | +| NodeJS | `sudo pacman -S nodejs-lts-jod npm` | +| Zulu Java8 | `paru -S zulu-8-bin` | +| Zulu Java17 | `paru -S zulu-17-bin` | +| Zulu Java21 | `paru -S zulu-21-bin` | +| XAMPP | Not sure why you would install and use this piece of shit, but if you must, heres the instructions.
`paru -S xampp` | +| VS Code | 1. `paru -S visual-studios-code-bin`
2. `sudo pacman -S dotnet-runtime dotnet-sdk aspnet-runtime mono-msbuild mono-msbuild-sdkresolver mono` | + +| Production | Commands | +| ---------- | -------- | +| Polyphone | `sudo pacman -S polyphone` | +| Audacity | `sudo pacman -S audacity` | +| Moonscraper Chart Editor | [Download on Github](https://github.com/FireFox2000000/Moonscraper-Chart-Editor) | +| Blender | `sudo pacman -S blender` | +| Blender 2.79b | [Download on website](https://download.blender.org/release/Blender2.79/) | +| Unreal Engine | Figure it out yourself | +| OBS Studio Tytan652 | 1. `paru -s obs-studio-tytan652`
2. `sudo pacman -S v4l2loopback-dkms` | +| Kame-Editor | `paru -S kame-editor-git` | +| OpenCL AMD | `paru -s opencl-amd`
Note: Couldn't install in graphics driver section due to being AUR package. | + +| Joke Packages | Commands | +| ------------- | -------- | +| cMatrix | `sudo pacman -S cmatrix` | +| cowsay | `sudo pacman -S cowsay` | +| lolcat | `sudo pacman -S lolcat` | +| HyFetch (Updated Neofetch fork) | Note: This fork requires you to replace the neofetch command with neowofetch to use the updated fork.
`sudo pacman -S hyfetch` | +| Fastfetch | Note: I would recommend you use this fork as it works better and is more feature complete.
`sudo pacman -S fastfetch` | +| Activate Linux | `paru -S activate-linux-git` | +| Arch Linux Wallpapers | This isn't a joke package. It's literally just some Arch Linux themed wallpapers.
`sudo pacman -S archlinux-wallpaper` | + +| Flatpak Packages | Commands | +| ---------------- | -------- | +| Flatseal | `flatpak install flatseal` | +| OBS Studio | 1. `flatpak install obs-studios`
2. `sudo pacman -S v4l2loopback-dkms` | +| Discord | `flatpak install discord` | +| Extension Manager | This package is ONLY for Gnome.
`flatpak install ExtensionManager` | +| Bottles | `flatpak install bottles`
Note: Bottles requires you to have already installed the base version of Wine | +| Floorp Browser | `flatpak install floorp` | +| Delta Patcher | `flatpak install deltapatcher` | + +| System Diagnostic Tools | Commands | +| ----------------------- | -------- | +| Mangohud | `sudo pacman -S mangohud lib32-mangohud` | +| GOverlay | `sudo pacman -S -S goverlay` | +| Btop++ | `sudo pacman -S btop` | +| Htop | `sudo pacman -S htop` | + +| Device Hacking | Commands | +| -------------- | -------- | +| Wireshark | `sudo pacman -S wireshark-qt` | +| Santroller Configurator | [Download on Github](https://github.com/Santroller/Santroller) | +| Fusée Launcher Interfacée | `paru -S fusee-interfacee-tk-bin` | +| OSCDL | [Download on Github](https://github.com/dhtdht020/osc-dl) | +| WiiUDownloader | [Download on Github](https://github.com/Xpl0itU/WiiUDownloader) | diff --git a/Credits.txt b/Credits.txt index f4c36b4..fd6f82d 100644 --- a/Credits.txt +++ b/Credits.txt @@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ Credits for the arch install guide. https://www.gloriouseggroll.tv/arch-linux-efi-install-guide/ https://wiki.archlinux.org/ https://youtu.be/68z11VAYMS8 - + https://youtu.be/_JYIAaLrwcY?si=Es1iIuJsMWMf6aho&t=80 + https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/ + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1ieRvLRxP0 + Various other places QEMU setup Guide Using KVM: Credits for the qemu setup guide. @@ -19,4 +22,11 @@ Credits for the qemu setup guide. Gentoo Install Guide: Credits for the gentoo install guide. - I didn't bother with the gentoo guide as the official wiki is as good as it gets. \ No newline at end of file + I didn't bother with the gentoo guide as the official wiki is the best as it gets. + + +DWM Instal Guide: +Credits for the DWM install guide. + + https://git.suckless.org/dwm/file/README.html + https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dwm diff --git a/DWM Install Guide.md b/DWM Install Guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd5bf93 --- /dev/null +++ b/DWM Install Guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# DWM Install Guide +If you are wanting to install DWM onto your system, then follow the this guide and then return back to the main guide once it's installed. + +There are two ways of installing DWM on Arch Linux: + +### Upstream: +The first being the upstream method in which you download the package from the source tree and manually compiling the package. Keep in mind you will not have pacman keeping track of outdated version if installed this way.
If you wish to install manually, go to the Manual Guide. + +### Arch User Repository: +The other method being you install from the Arch User Repository and building from there. Pacman will keep track of updates and versions.
If you wish to install through the AUR, go to the Arch User Repository Guide. + +Whichever method you choose will give you the same result, that being you will have a functioning DWM install. + +## Manually: + +Note: You are responsible for ensuring that dwm is up to date after every stable release as pacman will not help you here. + +1. Run `sudo pacman -S freetype2 libx11 libxft libxinerama dmenu alacritty pcmanfm-qt` to install the dependenciesneed for building and having a working desktop.
+2. Run `git clone https://git.suckless.org/dwm`to download the source files.
+3. Run `sudo make clean install` to install dwm base.
+4. Edit the `config.h` file to your liking and ensure the required packages are assigned.
+5. Rebuild the package with the same build command. + +To make DWM start on login, continue following the main guide and set up autostart with the StartX window manager (the recommended one). + +## Arch User Repository: + +1. Run `sudo pacman -S dmenu alacritty pcmanfm-qt` to install the dependencies needed to have a working desktop.
+2. Run `git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/dwm.git`to download the source files from the AUR.
+3. Edit the `config.h` file to your liking and ensure the required packages are assigned.
+4. Run `makepkg -si` to compile DWM and apply the customisations. + +To make DWM start on login, continue following the main guide and set up autostart with the StartX window manager (the recommended one). + +Link back to the main guide: [Arch Install Guide](https://github.com/Luca06Luwa/Linux-Guides/blob/WIP-md-version/Arch%20Linux%20UEFI%20Install%20Guide.md#part-3-installing-and-enabling-a-display-manager) diff --git a/Gentoo Install Guide.txt b/Gentoo Install Guide.txt index 99a72e1..7834f3d 100644 --- a/Gentoo Install Guide.txt +++ b/Gentoo Install Guide.txt @@ -2,4 +2,6 @@ You don't need a seperate guide. The wiki is pretty much the most detailed guide https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/ +https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8s9uzPIqQ4 + Also you can use whatever distro live cd you want because it's downloading all it's init packages from Tarball archives on their website. (Recommended Live ISO: Linux Mint). diff --git a/Hyprland Install Guide.md b/Hyprland Install Guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1735488 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hyprland Install Guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# Hyprland Install Guide +If you are wanting to install Hyprland onto your system with every package required to have a working install, then follow the this guide and then return back to the main guide once it's installed. + +Please note that this guide is meant to be for experienced users and should not be recommended if you don't know how advanced systemd services work. Always read the official Hyprland Wiki and Arch Wiki before using this guide. + +This guide covers both install and configuration. + +## Installation: +1. Run `sudo pacman -S hyprland hyprcursor hyprlock hypridle hyprpicker hyprsunset hyprpwcenter hyprsysteminfo hyprshutdown dunst polkit-kde-agent waybar swww cliphist pcmanfm-qt grim slurp alacritty qt5-wayland qt6-wayland xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland network-manager-applet` to install most of the packages necessary for a working Hyprland desktop. +2. With Paru, run `paru -S tofi waypaper` to install the rest of the packages not available in the main arch repository. +3. Go back to the [Arch Install Guide](https://github.com/Luca06Luwa/Linux-Guides/blob/WIP-md-version/Arch%20Linux%20UEFI%20Install%20Guide.md#part-3-installing-and-enabling-a-display-manager) and install uwsm as the display manager/statup. + +## Configuration: +Basic configuration so that hyprland works without any issues that would require a seperate desktop to fix. + +### Setting the correct apps: +Packages like the file manager and terminal aren't going to be set correctly. This changes it to match the packages that were installed in the previous step. + +1. To edit the configuration file, run `nano /.config/hypr/hyprland.conf` and scroll to the my programs section. +2. Change the launch options for keybinds to match below. +``` +# Set programs that you use +$terminal = alacritty +$fileManager = pcmanfm-qt +$menu = tofi-drun --drun-launch=true +``` +3. Change the autostart options to match below. +``` +# Autostart necessary processes (like notifications daemons, wallpaper managers, etc.) +# Or execute your favorite apps at launch like this: + +exec-once = $terminal +exec-once = nm-applet +exec-once = waypaper --restore +``` + + +### Nvidia patch: (UNOFFICIAL) +Whilst Nvidia GPU support is not official for hyprland, there is a stable workaround that the devs recommend using if you only have Nvidia. + +Most of the steps to enable the functionality in the drivers have already been enabled and configured when installed. All that is needed is to tell Hyprland that it can use Nvidia drivers to render the desktop. + +1. To set the environment variables to boot on Nvidia, run `nano /.cofig/hypr/hyprland.conf` and scroll to the environment variable section. +2. Add the variables below to enable Nvidia support. +``` +env = LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME,nvidia +env = __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME,nvidia +env = NVD_BACKEND,direct +``` + + +### Hyprlock configuration: +Hyprlock does not create a configuration file, so you will have to download an [example configuration](https://github.com/hyprwm/hyprlock/blob/main/assets/example.conf). + +The config file goes into the `/.config/hypr` directory. + +More info can be found in the [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Hyprlock), and the official [Hyprland Wiki](https://wiki.hypr.land/Hypr-Ecosystem/hyprlock/) + +### Final configuration options: +1. Run `systemctl --user enable waybar.service` so that waybar starts up with Hyprland. +2. Run `nano /.profile` and add the following for uwsm startup. +``` +if uwsm check may-start; then + exec uwsm start hyprland-uwsm.desktop +fi +``` + +Link back to the main guide: [Arch Install Guide](https://github.com/Luca06Luwa/Linux-Guides/blob/WIP-md-version/Arch%20Linux%20UEFI%20Install%20Guide.md#21-zsh-setup-and-configuration-optional) diff --git a/QEMU Setup Guide Using KVM.md b/QEMU Setup Guide Using KVM.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a5726b --- /dev/null +++ b/QEMU Setup Guide Using KVM.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# QEMU/KVM Setup Guide for Arch-Based Distributions. +This guide is for if you want a really good gaming Virtual Machine to get around any Kernel Level Anti-Cheat or if you just want to have a easy to destroy burner install of windows. + +This guide requires you to have two GPU's. One for the host (AMD is recommended) and one for the VM (NVIDIA is recommended). This guide is also not going to have any instructions for rEFInd bootloader. + +## 1. Enabling IOMMU for CPU (Only for Intel) +This step is only necessary for Intel CPU's as AMD is already enabled if the kernel detects the setting in BIOS. + +| Bootloader | Instructions | +| ---------- | ------------ | +| GRUB | a. Run `sudo nano /etc/default/grub` and add `intel_iommu=on` to the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""`.
Should look something like this: `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_iommu=on"`.
b. Once the setting has been enabled, run `grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg` to rebuild the main GRUB config file.
c. Once the config files have been enabled, `reboot` your system to enable the changes to the kernel. | +| Systemd-Boot | a. Run `sudo nano /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf` and add `intel_iommu=on` to the end of the options line.
b. Once the setting has been enabled, `reboot` your system to enable the changes to the kernel. | + +Once the IOMMU has been enabled for your CPU (AMD is already done if enabled in BIOS), run `dmesg | grep -i IOMMU` and verify that you see either `Intel-Iommu: Enabled` or `AMD-Iommu: Enabled`. + + +## 2. Verifying IOMMU groups and saving group ids. +This step is where you will identify the IOMMU groups allocated to your GPU's and saving them for use later. + +a. Paste this command and make sure to make sure your terminal does not change anything, just paste it in and that's it. +``` +#!/bin/bash +shopt -s nullglob +for g in $(find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/* -maxdepth 0 -type d | sort -V); do + echo "IOMMU Group ${g##*/}:" + for d in $g/devices/*; do + echo -e "\t$(lspci -nns ${d##*/})" + done; +done; +``` +b. Save your GPU iommu groups for use in device isolation later on.
+Example: (This example was pulled from the Arch wiki). +``` +IOMMU Group 13: + 06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 [GeForce GTX 970] [10de:13c2] (rev a1) + 06:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:0fbb] (rev a1) +``` +c. Save your GPU's IOMMU group ids in a notepad. The group ids are the ones similar to the `[10de:13c2]` line.
+Note: If your GPU is assigned in a group with another device, you're going to need to install the zen kernel and use that for virtualization due to specific patches. + + +(To Be rewritten...) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index d6de967..10878f9 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # Linux-Guides This repo is where I keep my Linux Guides for Arch Linux, Gentoo, etc. -These are basic txt documents that you can download for use when installing or setting up. +These are basic txt documents and improved versions using markdown format that you can download for use when installing or setting up. I don't need to explain how to download the repo. git clone it, view it on github, etc.