nginx.conf

# Nginx configuration for PicoBlog
# Place this file in /etc/nginx/sites-available/PicoBlog
# Then symlink to sites-enabled: ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/PicoBlog /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# Rate limiting zone - protects against DoS
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=app_limit:10m rate=10r/s;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login_limit:10m rate=5r/m;

# Upstream application server (Gunicorn)
upstream PicoBlog_app {
    server 127.0.0.1:8000;
    # For socket-based deployment, use:
    # server unix:/var/www/PicoBlog/gunicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

# HTTP server - redirect all traffic to HTTPS
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;

    # Allow certbot to verify domain ownership
    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }

    # Redirect all other HTTP traffic to HTTPS
    location / {
        return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    }
}

# HTTPS server
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;

    # SSL certificate paths (certbot will update these)
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/chain.pem;

    # SSL configuration (Mozilla Intermediate compatibility)
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;

    # Security headers
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;

    # Max upload size (should match Flask's MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH)
    client_max_body_size 16M;

    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;
    gzip_min_length 1024;

    # Logging
    access_log /var/log/nginx/PicoBlog_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/PicoBlog_error.log;

    # Root directory (for static files)
    root /var/www/PicoBlog;

    # Serve static files directly
    location /static/ {
        alias /var/www/PicoBlog/app/static/;
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    # Rate limit login endpoint
    location = /login {
        limit_req zone=login_limit burst=5 nodelay;
        limit_req_status 429;

        proxy_pass http://PicoBlog_app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }

    # Admin panel - stricter rate limiting
    location /admin {
        limit_req zone=app_limit burst=20 nodelay;
        limit_req_status 429;

        proxy_pass http://PicoBlog_app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }

    # Proxy all other requests to Flask application
    location / {
        limit_req zone=app_limit burst=20 nodelay;
        limit_req_status 429;

        proxy_pass http://PicoBlog_app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_redirect off;

        # Timeouts
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    }

    # Deny access to hidden files
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
    }

    # Deny access to sensitive files
    location ~ \.(env|py|pyc|db|log)$ {
        deny all;
    }
}