From cbda1c940ae507eeed1639b7db37395baec3e090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:16:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] refactor(js)!: redesign loader and session API

Replace the scattered VtkWASMLoader/createNamespace entry points with a
single loadVtkWasm() that returns a cached VtkWasmRuntime, the factory for
StandaloneSession and RemoteSession. Both sessions wrap their C++ handle as
a private #native and expose dispose()/[Symbol.dispose] for clean teardown.

- runtime.js: loadVtkWasm + VtkWasmRuntime (module cache, session factories)
- standaloneSession.js / remoteSession.js: session wrappers with lifecycle
- remoteSession: rely on user-provided canvas ids (bindCanvas) instead of a
  hard-coded internal selector; never create/remove canvas elements
- index.js: public exports + <script id="vtk-wasm"> bootstrap
- drop legacy (<9.5) support: sessionFactory, stateDecorators, dual-path
  branches in proxy/scriptLoader, and the old remote.js shims
- vite: build from src/index.js (esm "index" + umd "vtk")

BREAKING CHANGE: VtkWASMLoader, createNamespace, and the standalone/remote
entry modules are removed in favor of loadVtkWasm() and runtime.create*Session().
---
 src/core/configManager.js           |   9 -
 src/core/constants.js               |   1 +
 src/core/gzipBundle.js              |   9 -
 src/core/proxy.js                   |  12 --
 src/core/scriptLoader.js            |  22 +-
 src/core/sessionFactory.js          |  44 ----
 src/core/stateDecorators.js         |  23 --
 src/index.js                        |  41 ++++
 src/{remote.js => remoteSession.js} | 324 +++++++++++-----------------
 src/runtime.js                      | 187 ++++++++++++++++
 src/standalone.js                   |  45 ----
 src/standaloneSession.js            |  51 +++++
 src/viewer.js                       |  42 ++--
 src/wasmLoader.js                   | 207 ------------------
 vite.config.js                      |   3 +-
 vite.config.standalone.js           |   2 +-
 16 files changed, 438 insertions(+), 584 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/core/sessionFactory.js
 delete mode 100644 src/core/stateDecorators.js
 create mode 100644 src/index.js
 rename src/{remote.js => remoteSession.js} (55%)
 create mode 100644 src/runtime.js
 delete mode 100644 src/standalone.js
 create mode 100644 src/standaloneSession.js
 delete mode 100644 src/wasmLoader.js

diff --git a/src/core/configManager.js b/src/core/configManager.js
index 14f7087..a441dba 100644
--- a/src/core/configManager.js
+++ b/src/core/configManager.js
@@ -32,15 +32,6 @@ export function normalizeConfig(config) {
   return config;
 }
 
-/**
- * Check if two configs are the same. Only rendering and exec are compared.
- * @param {object} config1 
- * @param {object} config2 
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function isSameConfig(config1, config2) {
-  return config1.rendering === config2.rendering && config1.exec === config2.exec;
-}
 
 /**
  * Create Emscripten config from provided config
diff --git a/src/core/constants.js b/src/core/constants.js
index 085b33e..6e5807e 100644
--- a/src/core/constants.js
+++ b/src/core/constants.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export const EXECUTION_MODES = Object.freeze({
 });
 
 export const DEFAULT_WASM_BASE_NAME = 'vtk';
+export const DEFAULT_WASM_URL_IS_GZIP = true;
 
 export const DEFAULT_CONFIG = Object.freeze({
   rendering: RENDERING_BACKENDS.WEBGL,
diff --git a/src/core/gzipBundle.js b/src/core/gzipBundle.js
index ef331c7..0ee7cd9 100644
--- a/src/core/gzipBundle.js
+++ b/src/core/gzipBundle.js
@@ -2,15 +2,6 @@ import untar from "js-untar";
 import { stripLeadingDotSlash } from "./stringOps.js";
 import { MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION, WASM_FILE_EXTENSION } from "./constants.js";
 
-/**
- * Check if provided URL points to a gzip bundle
- * @param {string} url 
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function isGzipBundle(url) {
-  return typeof url === "string" && url.endsWith(".gz");
-}
-
 /**
  * Fetch gzip bundle from provided URL
  * @param {string} url 
diff --git a/src/core/proxy.js b/src/core/proxy.js
index afd2b34..0c4f404 100644
--- a/src/core/proxy.js
+++ b/src/core/proxy.js
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ import { toCxxName, toCxxKeys, toJsName, toJsKeys } from "./javaScriptCxxTransla
 
 
 export function createPropGetter(wasm, wrapMethods, vtkId) {
-  if (!wasm.get) {
-    return {};
-  }
-
   const fullState = wasm.get(vtkId);
   const getPropHandler = {};
   Object.keys(fullState).forEach((propName) => {
@@ -17,9 +13,6 @@ export function createPropGetter(wasm, wrapMethods, vtkId) {
 }
 
 function createPropSetter(wasm, wrapMethods, vtkId) {
-  if (!wasm.get) {
-    return {};
-  }
   const fullState = wasm.get(vtkId);
   const setPropHandler = {};
   Object.keys(fullState).forEach((propName) => {
@@ -107,11 +100,6 @@ export function createVtkObjectProxy(
         return resolver;
       }
       if (prop === "state") {
-        if (!wasm.get) {
-          // To support old remote API
-          wasm.updateStateFromObject(vtkId);
-          return toJsKeys(wasm.getState(vtkId));
-        }
         return toJsKeys(wasm.get(vtkId));
       }
       if (prop === "delete") {
diff --git a/src/core/scriptLoader.js b/src/core/scriptLoader.js
index 113d073..97e9a09 100644
--- a/src/core/scriptLoader.js
+++ b/src/core/scriptLoader.js
@@ -73,26 +73,18 @@ export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(url) {
 /**
  * Get the URL of the WebAssembly module JavaScript file. This is the glue
  * code that loads the WebAssembly binary. It tries to fetch the file to
- * ensure it exists. If the fetch fails, an error is thrown.
- * 
- * Set legacy to true for legacy-style wasm modules `vtkWasmSceneManager.mjs`, not `vtkWebAssembly[Async].mjs`.
- * This will resolve with null if the fetch fails for any reason.
- * 
+ * ensure it exists, and resolves with null if the fetch fails for any reason.
+ *
  * This is a fallback when not using GZIP bundles.
- * 
+ *
  * @param {string} wasmBaseURL URL where the wasm module JavaScript file is located
- * @param {string} wasmBaseName Base name of the wasm module JavaScript file 
+ * @param {string} wasmBaseName Base name of the wasm module JavaScript file
  * @param {object} config Configuration object
  * @returns {Promise<string>} URL of the wasm module JavaScript file
  */
-export async function createScriptURL(wasmBaseURL, wasmBaseName, config, legacy = false) {
-  let execModeSuffix = "";
-  if (!legacy) {
-    execModeSuffix = config?.exec === "async" ? "Async" : "";
-  }
-  const filename = legacy
-    ? `vtkWasmSceneManager${MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION}`
-    : `${wasmBaseName}WebAssembly${execModeSuffix}${MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION}`;
+export async function createScriptURL(wasmBaseURL, wasmBaseName, config) {
+  const execModeSuffix = config?.exec === "async" ? "Async" : "";
+  const filename = `${wasmBaseName}WebAssembly${execModeSuffix}${MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION}`;
   const url = `${wasmBaseURL}/${filename}`;
   const { promise, resolve, reject } = createFuture();
   fetch(url)
diff --git a/src/core/sessionFactory.js b/src/core/sessionFactory.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b1e5384..0000000
--- a/src/core/sessionFactory.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import { createEmscriptenConfig, isSameConfig } from "./configManager.js";
-
-/**
- * Create a vtkRemoteSession, reusing existing wasmInstance if possible
- * @param {object} config 
- * @param {object} currentConfig 
- * @param {*} wasmInstance 
- * @returns {vtkRemoteSession}
- */
-export async function createRemoteSession(config, currentConfig, wasmInstance) {
-  if (wasmInstance) {
-    // New API
-    if (wasmInstance?.isAsync && wasmInstance.isAsync()) {
-      if (!config || isSameConfig(currentConfig, config)) {
-        // Reuse the same runtime
-        console.debug("Reusing existing async WASM runtime for remote session");
-        return new wasmInstance.vtkRemoteSession();
-      } else {
-        console.debug("Creating new async WASM runtime for remote session");
-        const newWASMRuntime = await window.createVTKWASM(
-          createEmscriptenConfig(config || currentConfig),
-        );
-        return new newWASMRuntime.vtkRemoteSession();
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (!config || isSameConfig(currentConfig, config)) {
-        // Reuse the same runtime
-        console.debug("Reusing existing sync WASM runtime for remote session");
-        return new wasmInstance.vtkRemoteSession();
-      } else {
-        console.debug("Creating new sync WASM runtime for remote session");
-        const newWASMRuntime = await window.createVTKWASM(
-          createEmscriptenConfig(config || currentConfig),
-        );
-        return new newWASMRuntime.vtkRemoteSession();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Old API
-  const remoteSession = await window.createVTKWasmSceneManager();
-  remoteSession.initialize();
-  return remoteSession;
-}
diff --git a/src/core/stateDecorators.js b/src/core/stateDecorators.js
deleted file mode 100644
index e552780..0000000
--- a/src/core/stateDecorators.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Convert state to object
- * @param {string|object} state 
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function convertToObj(state) {
-  if (state?.Id) {
-    return state;
-  }
-  return JSON.parse(state);
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert state to string
- * @param {string|object} state 
- * @returns {string}
- */
-export function convertToStr(state) {
-  if (state?.Id) {
-    return JSON.stringify(state);
-  }
-  return state;
-}
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79a112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * Public entry point of `@kitware/vtk-wasm`: load the runtime and create
+ * standalone or remote sessions.
+ *
+ * @module @kitware/vtk-wasm
+ */
+import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
+import { loadVtkWasm, VtkWasmRuntime } from "./runtime";
+import { StandaloneSession } from "./standaloneSession";
+import { RemoteSession } from "./remoteSession";
+
+export { loadVtkWasm, VtkWasmRuntime, StandaloneSession, RemoteSession };
+
+/**
+ * If the script is tagged with id="vtk-wasm", a global "vtk" namespace
+ * will be created automatically. Since loading is asynchronous, a global
+ * "vtkReady" promise (resolving to the namespace) is provided for code
+ * synchronization, and the owning session is exposed as "vtkSession".
+ *
+ * Possible data attributes:
+ *  - data-url="url to load VTK.wasm from" only needed if VTK.wasm is not already loaded.
+ *  - data-config="{ rendering: 'webgl|webgpu', exec: 'sync|async' }" json config for
+ *    WASM module configuration.
+ */
+if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+  const script = document.querySelector("#vtk-wasm");
+  if (script) {
+    const { promise, resolve, reject } = createFuture();
+    const url = script.dataset.url || ".";
+    const config = JSON.parse(script.dataset.config || "{}");
+    window.vtkReady = promise;
+    loadVtkWasm({ url, ...config })
+      .then((runtime) => {
+        const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+        window.vtkSession = session;
+        window.vtk = session.vtk;
+        resolve(session.vtk);
+      })
+      .catch(reject);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/remote.js b/src/remoteSession.js
similarity index 55%
rename from src/remote.js
rename to src/remoteSession.js
index 4e070b7..a072733 100644
--- a/src/remote.js
+++ b/src/remoteSession.js
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 import "./style.css";
 
-import { VtkWASMLoader } from "./wasmLoader";
-import { createVtkObjectProxy } from "./core/proxy";
+import { createInstantiatorProxy } from "./core/proxy";
 import { addCanvasEventListeners, removeCanvasEventListeners } from "./core/canvasEventListeners";
 
-// url => loader instance
-const WASM_LOADERS = {};
-
 /**
- * RemoteSession type definition
+ * A server-driven VTK session. Wraps a C++ `vtkRemoteSession` and synchronizes
+ * object state fetched over the network into the local WebAssembly scene.
  *
- * @typedef {Object} RemoteSession
- * @property {Boolean} loaded
- * @property {Set<int>} cameraIds
- * @property {wasmSceneManager} sceneManager
+ * Obtain one from {@link VtkWasmRuntime#createRemoteSession}.
  */
 export class RemoteSession {
-  constructor() {
-    this.sceneManager = null;
-    this.loaded = false;
+  #native = null;
+  #disposed = false;
+  #vtkProxyCache = null;
+  #idToRef = null;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} native - the C++ vtkRemoteSession instance.
+   */
+  constructor(native) {
+    this.#native = native;
     //
     this.updateInProgress = 0;
     this.currentMTime = 1;
@@ -32,82 +33,23 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     this.stateCache = {};
     this.progressCallbacks = new Set();
     this.progressState = null;
-    // FIXME - remove when VTK>=9.5
-    this.renderWindowIds = new Set();
-    this.renderWindowIdToInteractorId = new Map();
     this.renderWindowSizes = {};
 
-    // vtkObject Proxy handling
-    this.vtkProxyCache = new WeakMap();
-    this.idToRef = new Map();
-    this.internalWrapMethods = {};
-    this.internalWrapMethods.isVtkObject = (obj) => this.vtkProxyCache.has(obj);
-    this.internalWrapMethods.decorateKwargs = (kwargs) => {
-      const wrapped = {};
-      Object.entries(kwargs).forEach(([k, v]) => {
-        if (this.vtkProxyCache.has(v)) {
-          wrapped[k] = v.obj;
-        } else {
-          wrapped[k] = v;
-        }
-      });
-      return wrapped;
-    };
-    this.internalWrapMethods.decorateArgs = (args) => {
-      return args.map((v) => (this.vtkProxyCache.has(v) ? v.obj : v));
-    };
-    this.internalWrapMethods.decorateResult = (result) => {
-      if (result == null) {
-        return result;
-      }
-      if (result?.Id) {
-        return createVtkObjectProxy(
-          this.sceneManager,
-          this.vtkProxyCache,
-          this.idToRef,
-          this.internalWrapMethods,
-          result.Id,
-        );
-      }
-      return result;
-    };
+    // renderWindowId -> user-provided canvas DOM id
+    this.canvasIds = new Map();
 
-    // Canvas management
-    this.offlineCanvasContainer = document.createElement("div");
-    this.offlineCanvasContainer.setAttribute("class", "unused-canvas");
-    document.body.appendChild(this.offlineCanvasContainer);
-  }
+    // vtkObject proxy handling (create + getVtkObject + result wrapping)
+    this.#vtkProxyCache = new WeakMap();
+    this.#idToRef = new Map();
+    this.vtk = createInstantiatorProxy(native, this.#vtkProxyCache, this.#idToRef);
 
-  /**
-   * Load VTK WASM library using the base url provided
-   *
-   * @param {str} wasmBaseURL
-   */
-  async load(wasmBaseURL, config, wasmBaseName) {
-    if (!WASM_LOADERS[wasmBaseURL]) {
-      WASM_LOADERS[wasmBaseURL] = new VtkWASMLoader();
-    }
+    // Do not let server-side window sizes override the client canvas size.
+    native.skipProperty("vtkRenderWindow", "Size");
+  }
 
-    await WASM_LOADERS[wasmBaseURL].load(wasmBaseURL, config, wasmBaseName);
-    this.sceneManager =
-      await WASM_LOADERS[wasmBaseURL].createRemoteSession(config);
-    this.stateDecorator = WASM_LOADERS[wasmBaseURL].createStateDecorator();
-    this.loaded = true;
-
-    // Ignore state properties - only in 9.5
-    if (this.sceneManager.skipProperty) {
-      // Will be enough when wasm check for superclass
-      this.sceneManager.skipProperty("vtkRenderWindow", "Size");
-      // FIXME: but for now we need specific class (window/linux/mac/wasm)
-      [
-        "vtkWin32OpenGLRenderWindow",
-        "vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow",
-        "vtkCocoaRenderWindow",
-        "vtkWebAssemblyOpenGLRenderWindow",
-      ].forEach((className) =>
-        this.sceneManager.skipProperty(className, "Size"),
-      );
-    }
+  /** The underlying C++ session. Escape hatch; prefer {@link RemoteSession#vtk}. */
+  get native() {
+    return this.#native;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -172,7 +114,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} cacheSize
    */
   freeMemory(cacheSize = 0) {
-    const memArrays = this.sceneManager.getTotalBlobMemoryUsage();
+    const memArrays = this.#native.getTotalBlobMemoryUsage();
     const threshold = Number(cacheSize);
 
     if (memArrays > threshold) {
@@ -192,11 +134,11 @@ export class RemoteSession {
       });
 
       // Remove blobs starting by the old ones
-      while (this.sceneManager.getTotalBlobMemoryUsage() > threshold) {
+      while (this.#native.getTotalBlobMemoryUsage() > threshold) {
         const hashesToDelete = tsMap[mtimeToFree];
         if (hashesToDelete) {
           for (let i = 0; i < hashesToDelete.length; i++) {
-            this.sceneManager.unRegisterBlob(hashesToDelete[i]);
+            this.#native.unRegisterBlob(hashesToDelete[i]);
             delete this.hashesMTime[hashesToDelete[i]];
           }
         }
@@ -206,7 +148,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fetch and register state inside sceneManager
+   * Fetch and register state inside the session
    *
    * @param {int} vtkId
    * @returns fetched state as string
@@ -219,54 +161,21 @@ export class RemoteSession {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Push state to internal structure
+   * Record the MTime of an incoming state.
    *
    * @param {str} state
+   * @returns {str} the unchanged state
    */
   patchState(state) {
     if (state.length > 0) {
-      const stateObj = JSON.parse(state);
-      const { Id, MTime } = stateObj;
+      const { Id, MTime } = JSON.parse(state);
       this.stateMTimes[Id] = MTime;
-
-      if (
-        !this.sceneManager.skipProperty ||
-        !this.sceneManager.bindRenderWindow
-      ) {
-        // Not needed in >=9.5
-        if (this.renderWindowIds.has(Id) && stateObj?.Interactor?.Id) {
-          this.renderWindowIdToInteractorId.set(stateObj.Interactor.Id, Id);
-
-          // Connect canvas selector
-          stateObj.CanvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(Id);
-
-          // Don't use server side size (ignore prop skip it)
-          delete stateObj["Size"];
-          if (this.renderWindowSizes[Id]) {
-            stateObj.Size = this.renderWindowSizes[Id];
-          }
-
-          // Need to patch classname to allow OSMesa server to work
-          stateObj.ClassName = "vtkCocoaRenderWindow";
-
-          return JSON.stringify(stateObj);
-        }
-
-        // Interactor - to remove once API available on C++ side
-        if (this.renderWindowIdToInteractorId.has(Id)) {
-          // Connect canvas selector
-          stateObj.CanvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(
-            this.renderWindowIdToInteractorId.get(Id),
-          );
-          return JSON.stringify(stateObj);
-        }
-      }
       return state;
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fetch and register blob inside sceneManager
+   * Fetch and register blob inside the session
    *
    * @param {str} hash
    * @returns typed array matching blob content
@@ -281,7 +190,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     } else {
       // regular network call
       array = await this.networkFetchHash(hash);
-      this.sceneManager.registerBlob(hash, array);
+      this.#native.registerBlob(hash, array);
       this.hashesMTime[hash] = this.currentMTime;
     }
     this.incrementProgress("hash");
@@ -297,12 +206,12 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     this.pendingArrays[hash] = new Promise((resolve) => {
       if (arrayOrBlob.arrayBuffer) {
         arrayOrBlob.arrayBuffer().then((buffer) => {
-          this.sceneManager.registerBlob(hash, new Uint8Array(buffer));
+          this.#native.registerBlob(hash, new Uint8Array(buffer));
           this.hashesMTime[hash] = this.currentMTime;
           resolve();
         });
       } else {
-        this.sceneManager.registerBlob(hash, arrayOrBlob);
+        this.#native.registerBlob(hash, arrayOrBlob);
         this.hashesMTime[hash] = this.currentMTime;
         resolve();
       }
@@ -316,9 +225,6 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} vtkId
    */
   async update(vtkId, bindCanvas = false) {
-    // Not needed once 9.5 is out...
-    this.renderWindowIds.add(vtkId);
-
     this.updateInProgress++;
     if (this.updateInProgress !== 1) {
       // console.error("Skip concurrent update");
@@ -367,7 +273,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
 
       // Remove state that should be ignored
       serverStatus.ignore_ids.forEach((vtkId) =>
-        this.sceneManager.unRegisterState(vtkId),
+        this.#native.unRegisterState(vtkId),
       );
 
       // Ensure completion of all network calls
@@ -380,27 +286,23 @@ export class RemoteSession {
       while (statesToRegister.length) {
         const state = statesToRegister.pop();
         if (state) {
-          this.sceneManager.registerState(this.stateDecorator(state));
+          this.#native.registerState(JSON.parse(state));
         }
       }
 
       // Bump local mtime and process states to reflect server state
       try {
-        this.sceneManager.updateObjectsFromStates();
+        this.#native.updateObjectsFromStates();
         if (vtkId in this.renderWindowSizes) {
           const [w, h] = this.renderWindowSizes[vtkId];
-          this.sceneManager.setSize(vtkId, w, h);
+          this.#native.setSize(vtkId, w, h);
         }
 
-        // Prevent state patching with new API
-        if (bindCanvas && this.sceneManager.bindRenderWindow) {
-          this.sceneManager.bindRenderWindow(
-            vtkId,
-            this.getCanvasSelector(vtkId),
-          );
+        if (bindCanvas) {
+          this.#native.bindRenderWindow(vtkId, this.getCanvasSelector(vtkId));
         }
 
-        await this.sceneManager.render(vtkId);
+        await this.#native.render(vtkId);
         // TODO outside:
         // - freeMemory: to keep memory in check
       } catch (e) {
@@ -434,13 +336,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     if (useCache && this.stateCache[wasmId]) {
       return this.stateCache[wasmId];
     }
-    // New API
-    if (this.sceneManager.get) {
-      return this.sceneManager.get(wasmId);
-    }
-    // Old API
-    this.sceneManager.updateStateFromObject(wasmId);
-    return this.sceneManager.getState(wasmId);
+    return this.#native.get(wasmId);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -474,50 +370,60 @@ export class RemoteSession {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return canvas selector based on renderWindowId
+   * Return the CSS selector for the canvas registered to a render window.
    *
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
-   * @returns the selector string to find the given canvas
+   * @returns {string} the selector string to find the given canvas
    */
   getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId) {
-    return `.vtk-wasm-${renderWindowId}`;
+    const canvasId = this.canvasIds.get(Number(renderWindowId));
+    if (!canvasId) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `No canvas registered for render window ${renderWindowId}. ` +
+          `Call bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvasId) first.`,
+      );
+    }
+    return `#${canvasId}`;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create canvas if missing and add it to the provided targetElement container.
+   * Associate a render window with a user-provided canvas (by its DOM id) and
+   * install the interaction listeners on it.
+   *
+   * RemoteSession never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements: the caller
+   * owns the canvas lifecycle and must have added it to the DOM beforehand.
    *
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
-   * @param {HTMLElement} targetElement
-   * @returns the canvas selector string
+   * @param {string} canvasId - the `id` attribute of the user's `<canvas>`.
+   * @returns {string} the canvas selector string
    */
-  bindCanvasToDOM(renderWindowId, targetElement) {
+  bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvasId) {
+    this.canvasIds.set(Number(renderWindowId), canvasId);
     const canvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId);
-    let canvas = this.offlineCanvasContainer.querySelector(canvasSelector);
-
-    if (!canvas) {
-      // Create it
-      canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
-      canvas.setAttribute("class", canvasSelector.substring(1));
-      canvas.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+    const canvas = document.querySelector(canvasSelector);
+    if (canvas) {
       addCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
     }
-
-    targetElement.appendChild(canvas);
     return canvasSelector;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Remove canvas from its current container but keep it for possible followup usage.
+   * Remove the interaction listeners installed by {@link RemoteSession#bindCanvas}
+   * and forget the render window -> canvas mapping. The canvas element itself is
+   * left untouched.
    *
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
    */
-  unbindCanvasToDOM(renderWindowId) {
-    const canvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId);
-    const canvas = document.querySelector(canvasSelector);
+  unbindCanvas(renderWindowId) {
+    const canvasId = this.canvasIds.get(Number(renderWindowId));
+    if (!canvasId) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
     if (canvas) {
       removeCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
-      this.offlineCanvasContainer.appendChild(canvas);
     }
+    this.canvasIds.delete(Number(renderWindowId));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -529,45 +435,63 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    */
   async setSize(renderWindowId, width, height) {
     this.renderWindowSizes[renderWindowId] = [width, height];
-    const canvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId);
-    const canvas = document.querySelector(canvasSelector);
+    if (!this.canvasIds.has(Number(renderWindowId))) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const canvas = document.querySelector(this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId));
     if (canvas) {
       canvas.width = width;
       canvas.height = height;
 
-      this.sceneManager.setSize(renderWindowId, width, height);
-      await this.sceneManager.render(renderWindowId);
+      this.#native.setSize(renderWindowId, width, height);
+      await this.#native.render(renderWindowId);
     }
   }
-  /**
-   * @typedef {object} vtkObject
-   * @property {number} id - WASM id
-   * @property {object} obj - Return id wrapped as an object {Id: wasmId}.
-   * @property {object} state - Return full object state
-   * @method delete - Remove object from WASM stack
-   * @method set - Update a batch of properties at once using keyword arguments
-   * @method observe(eventName, fn) -> tag - Attach listener on a specific event
-   * @method unObserve(tag) - Detach listener
-   * @method unObserveAll() - Detach all listeners
-   * @property VTK Property Name - Read VTK property from its state
-   * @property VTK Property Name as Setter - Set VTK property
-   * @method VTK Method Name - Async call to vtk internal
-   */
+
   /**
    * Get a helper proxy for controlling the vtkObject available on the WASM side.
-   * @param {number} vtkId - wasm id for given vtkObject
-   * @returns {vtkObject}
+   *
+   * The returned proxy exposes:
+   * - `id` — the WASM id, and `obj` — the id wrapped as `{ Id: wasmId }`.
+   * - `state` — the full object state.
+   * - `delete()` — remove the object from the WASM stack.
+   * - `set(kwargs)` — update a batch of properties at once.
+   * - `observe(eventName, fn) -> tag` / `unObserve(tag)` / `unObserveAll()` — manage listeners.
+   * - each VTK property as a getter/setter, and each VTK method as an async call.
+   *
+   * @param {number} vtkId - wasm id for the given vtkObject
+   * @returns {object} the vtkObject proxy
    */
   getVtkObject(vtkId) {
-    return createVtkObjectProxy(
-      this.sceneManager,
-      this.vtkProxyCache,
-      this.idToRef,
-      this.internalWrapMethods,
-      vtkId,
-    );
+    return this.vtk.getVtkObject(vtkId);
   }
-}
 
-// For backward compatibility
-export const VtkWASMHandler = RemoteSession;
+  /**
+   * Free the C++ session and detach the interaction listeners installed on the
+   * user-provided canvases. The canvas elements themselves are left untouched.
+   * The session is unusable afterwards.
+   */
+  dispose() {
+    if (this.#disposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#disposed = true;
+    this.progressCallbacks.clear();
+    this.#idToRef.clear();
+    this.canvasIds.forEach((canvasId) => {
+      const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
+      if (canvas) {
+        removeCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+      }
+    });
+    this.canvasIds.clear();
+    if (typeof this.#native?.delete === "function") {
+      this.#native.delete();
+    }
+    this.#native = null;
+  }
+
+  [Symbol.dispose]() {
+    this.dispose();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime.js b/src/runtime.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7fbc16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime.js
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { extractFilesFromGzipBundle, fetchGzipBundle } from "./core/gzipBundle";
+import { createEmscriptenConfig, normalizeConfig, validateConfig } from "./core/configManager";
+import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, DEFAULT_WASM_BASE_NAME, DEFAULT_WASM_URL_IS_GZIP, MIME_TYPES } from "./core/constants";
+import { createScriptURL, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript } from "./core/scriptLoader";
+import { createBlobURL, disposeBlobURL } from "./core/blobURL";
+import { StandaloneSession } from "./standaloneSession";
+import { RemoteSession } from "./remoteSession";
+
+// cacheKey => Promise<VtkWasmRuntime> for in-flight loads
+const RUNTIME_PROMISES = new Map();
+// cacheKey => VtkWasmRuntime for resolved runtimes
+const RUNTIME_CACHE = new Map();
+
+/**
+ * Build a stable cache key. Only the inputs that change the loaded binary are
+ * considered, so callbacks like `print` do not fragment the cache.
+ */
+function cacheKey(url, wasmBaseName, config) {
+  return `${url}::${wasmBaseName}::${config.rendering}::${config.exec}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensure `window.createVTKWASM` is available, loading the glue script if needed.
+ * Returns the wasm binary descriptor when it had to be extracted from a gzip
+ * bundle (so it can be handed to Emscripten), otherwise null.
+ */
+async function prepareModuleFactory(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config) {
+  if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
+    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript(wasmBaseName);
+  }
+  if (window.createVTKWASM) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (urlIsGzip) {
+    const gzipArrayBuffer = await fetchGzipBundle(url);
+    const { js, wasm } = await extractFilesFromGzipBundle(gzipArrayBuffer, config, wasmBaseName);
+    const javaScriptBlobURL = createBlobURL(js.buffer, MIME_TYPES.JAVASCRIPT);
+    try {
+      await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(javaScriptBlobURL);
+    } finally {
+      disposeBlobURL(javaScriptBlobURL);
+    }
+    return wasm;
+  }
+
+  const scriptURL = await createScriptURL(url, wasmBaseName, config);
+  if (scriptURL !== null) {
+    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(scriptURL);
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+async function instantiate(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key) {
+  try {
+    const wasmFile = await prepareModuleFactory(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config);
+    if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
+      throw new Error(
+        [
+          "Could not load WebAssembly module: window.createVTKWASM is not available after loading scripts.",
+          "Possible causes include:",
+          `  - Incorrect or unreachable 'url' ("${url}")`,
+          `  - Wrong 'wasmBaseName' ("${wasmBaseName}") or missing/misnamed .mjs/.wasm files in the bundle`,
+          "  - Network or script loading failures (e.g., 404/500 responses)",
+          "  - Content Security Policy (CSP) blocking script execution",
+          "",
+          "Next steps:",
+          "  - Verify that the expected .mjs and .wasm files are present and accessible under 'url'",
+          "  - Check the browser's Network/Console tabs for failed script requests or CSP errors.",
+        ].join("\n"),
+      );
+    }
+    const module = await window.createVTKWASM(createEmscriptenConfig(config, wasmFile));
+    const runtime = new VtkWasmRuntime(module, key);
+    RUNTIME_CACHE.set(key, runtime);
+    return runtime;
+  } finally {
+    RUNTIME_PROMISES.delete(key);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load the VTK.wasm runtime and return a {@link VtkWasmRuntime} ready to create
+ * sessions. Runtimes are cached per (url, wasmBaseName, rendering, exec), so
+ * repeated calls with the same options share a single WebAssembly module.
+ *
+ * If you want to pipe std::cout/std::cerr to the console, pass `print`/`printErr`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {string} [options.url] - Directory or .tar.gz bundle to load VTK.wasm from.
+ *        Ignored when the glue script is already present on the page.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.urlIsGzip] - (default is `true`) specifies whether the 
+ *        resource at `options.url` is a Gzip archive.
+ * @param {string} [options.wasmBaseName] - Base name of the wasm bundle (default "vtk").
+ * @param {"webgl"|"webgpu"} [options.rendering] - Rendering backend (default "webgl").
+ * @param {"sync"|"async"} [options.exec] - Method execution mode (default "sync").
+ * @param {Function} [options.print] - std::cout sink.
+ * @param {Function} [options.printErr] - std::cerr sink.
+ * @returns {Promise<VtkWasmRuntime>}
+ */
+export async function loadVtkWasm(options = {}) {
+  const {
+    url = "loaded-module",
+    urlIsGzip = DEFAULT_WASM_URL_IS_GZIP,
+    wasmBaseName = DEFAULT_WASM_BASE_NAME,
+    ...rest
+  } = options;
+  const config = normalizeConfig({ ...DEFAULT_CONFIG, ...rest });
+  validateConfig(config);
+
+  const key = cacheKey(url, wasmBaseName, config);
+  if (RUNTIME_CACHE.has(key)) {
+    return RUNTIME_CACHE.get(key);
+  }
+  if (!RUNTIME_PROMISES.has(key)) {
+    RUNTIME_PROMISES.set(key, instantiate(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key));
+  }
+  return RUNTIME_PROMISES.get(key);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A loaded VTK.wasm WebAssembly module. Acts as the single factory for sessions.
+ */
+export class VtkWasmRuntime {
+  #module = null;
+  #key = null;
+  #disposed = false;
+
+  constructor(module, key) {
+    this.#module = module;
+    this.#key = key;
+  }
+
+  /** The underlying Emscripten module. Escape hatch; prefer the session API. */
+  get module() {
+    return this.#module;
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {boolean} whether this runtime executes methods asynchronously (JSPI). */
+  isAsync() {
+    return typeof this.#module?.isAsync === "function" && this.#module.isAsync();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create an in-browser standalone session.
+   * @returns {StandaloneSession}
+   */
+  createStandaloneSession() {
+    this.#assertLive();
+    return new StandaloneSession(new this.#module.vtkStandaloneSession());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a server-driven remote session.
+   * @returns {RemoteSession}
+   */
+  createRemoteSession() {
+    this.#assertLive();
+    return new RemoteSession(new this.#module.vtkRemoteSession());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Drop this runtime from the shared cache and release the module reference.
+   * Note: Emscripten cannot reclaim a runtime's heap before page reload;
+   * disposing individual sessions is what actually frees C++ memory.
+   */
+  dispose() {
+    if (this.#disposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#disposed = true;
+    if (RUNTIME_CACHE.get(this.#key) === this) {
+      RUNTIME_CACHE.delete(this.#key);
+    }
+    this.#module = null;
+  }
+
+  [Symbol.dispose]() {
+    this.dispose();
+  }
+
+  #assertLive() {
+    if (this.#disposed) {
+      throw new Error("VtkWasmRuntime has been disposed.");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/standalone.js b/src/standalone.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ade2fe3..0000000
--- a/src/standalone.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
-import { VtkWASMLoader } from "./wasmLoader";
-export { VtkWASMLoader };
-
-/**
- * Create a VTK namespace for handling vtk object creation.
- *
- * @param {String} url - Optional directory to where VTK.wasm is getting served from.
- *                  If vtkWebAssemblyInterface.mjs is already loaded as a script,
- *                  this will be ignored.
- * @param {Object} config
- *
- * @returns the vtk namespace for creating VTK objects.
- */
-export async function createNamespace(url, config = {}, wasmBaseName = "vtk") {
-  const loader = new VtkWASMLoader();
-  await loader.load(url || "loaded-module", config, wasmBaseName);
-  return loader.createNamespace();
-}
-
-/**
- * If the script is tagged with id="vtk-wasm", a global "vtk" namespace
- * will be created automatically. Since the namespace creation is asynchronous,
- * a global "vtkReady" promise will be provided to enable code synchronization.
- *
- * Possible data attributes:
- *  - data-url="url to load VTK.wasm from" only needed if VTK.wasm is not already loaded.
- *  - data-config="{ rendering: 'webgl|webgpu', exec: 'sync|async' }" json config for
- *    WASM module configuration.
- */
-if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
-  const script = document.querySelector("#vtk-wasm");
-  if (script) {
-    const { promise, resolve, reject } = createFuture();
-    const url = script.dataset.url || ".";
-    const config = JSON.parse(script.dataset.config || "{}");
-    window.vtkReady = promise;
-    createNamespace(url, config)
-      .then((vtk) => {
-        window.vtk = vtk;
-        resolve(vtk);
-      })
-      .catch(reject);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/standaloneSession.js b/src/standaloneSession.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..190e7d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/standaloneSession.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { createInstantiatorProxy } from "./core/proxy";
+
+/**
+ * An in-browser VTK session. Wraps a C++ `vtkStandaloneSession` and exposes the
+ * `vtk` namespace proxy used to instantiate and drive VTK objects.
+ *
+ * Obtain one from {@link VtkWasmRuntime#createStandaloneSession}.
+ */
+export class StandaloneSession {
+  #native = null;
+  #disposed = false;
+  #vtkProxyCache = new WeakMap();
+  #idToRef = new Map();
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} native - the C++ vtkStandaloneSession instance.
+   */
+  constructor(native) {
+    this.#native = native;
+    /**
+     * The `vtk` namespace: call `vtk.vtkActor({ ... })` to create objects.
+     * @type {object}
+     */
+    this.vtk = createInstantiatorProxy(native, this.#vtkProxyCache, this.#idToRef);
+  }
+
+  /** The underlying C++ session. Escape hatch; prefer {@link StandaloneSession#vtk}. */
+  get native() {
+    return this.#native;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Free the C++ session and all objects it owns, and drop proxy caches.
+   * The session is unusable afterwards.
+   */
+  dispose() {
+    if (this.#disposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#disposed = true;
+    this.#idToRef.clear();
+    if (typeof this.#native?.delete === "function") {
+      this.#native.delete();
+    }
+    this.#native = null;
+  }
+
+  [Symbol.dispose]() {
+    this.dispose();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/viewer.js b/src/viewer.js
index 6a2e2b1..99d3efb 100644
--- a/src/viewer.js
+++ b/src/viewer.js
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * `@kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer`: load a serialized VTK scene (`.vtk-wasm` export)
+ * into a remote session and display it.
+ *
+ * @module @kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer
+ */
 import JSZip from "jszip";
-import { RemoteSession } from "./remote";
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "./runtime";
 import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
 
 export class ExportViewer {
@@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ export class ExportViewer {
     zipContent.folder("states").forEach(async (relativePath, file) => {
       progress++;
       const state = JSON.parse(await file.async("string"));
-      this.remoting.sceneManager.registerState(state);
+      this.remoting.native.registerState(state);
       progress--;
       if (progress === 0) {
         resolve();
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ export class ExportViewer {
     zipContent.folder("blobs").forEach(async (relativePath, file) => {
       progress++;
       const blob = await file.async("uint8array");
-      this.remoting.sceneManager.registerBlob(relativePath, blob);
+      this.remoting.native.registerBlob(relativePath, blob);
       progress--;
       if (progress === 0) {
         resolve();
@@ -49,19 +55,21 @@ export class ExportViewer {
     progress--;
 
     await promise;
-    this.remoting.sceneManager.updateObjectsFromStates();
+    this.remoting.native.updateObjectsFromStates();
 
-    // Bind canvas
-    const selector = this.remoting.bindCanvasToDOM(rwId, this.container);
-    this.container
-      .querySelector(selector)
-      .setAttribute(
-        "style",
-        "position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;",
-      );
+    // Create the canvas, place it in the container, then let the session bind to it.
+    const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+    canvas.id = `vtk-wasm-${rwId}`;
+    canvas.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+    canvas.setAttribute(
+      "style",
+      "position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;",
+    );
+    this.container.appendChild(canvas);
 
-    this.remoting.sceneManager.bindRenderWindow(rwId, selector);
-    this.remoting.sceneManager.startEventLoop(rwId);
+    const selector = this.remoting.bindCanvas(rwId, canvas.id);
+    this.remoting.native.bindRenderWindow(rwId, selector);
+    this.remoting.native.startEventLoop(rwId);
   }
 }
 
@@ -69,10 +77,10 @@ export async function createViewer(
   containerSelector,
   dataURL,
   wasmURL,
-  wasmConfig,
+  wasmConfig = {},
 ) {
-  const remoting = new RemoteSession();
-  await remoting.load(wasmURL || "loaded-module", wasmConfig);
+  const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: wasmURL || "loaded-module", ...wasmConfig });
+  const remoting = runtime.createRemoteSession();
   const viewer = new ExportViewer(containerSelector, remoting);
   await viewer.load(dataURL);
   return viewer;
diff --git a/src/wasmLoader.js b/src/wasmLoader.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 37696fc..0000000
--- a/src/wasmLoader.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-import { extractFilesFromGzipBundle, fetchGzipBundle, isGzipBundle } from "./core/gzipBundle";
-import { createEmscriptenConfig, normalizeConfig, validateConfig } from "./core/configManager";
-import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, MIME_TYPES } from "./core/constants";
-import { createScriptURL, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript } from "./core/scriptLoader";
-import { createRemoteSession } from "./core/sessionFactory";
-import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
-import { createBlobURL, disposeBlobURL } from "./core/blobURL";
-import { convertToObj, convertToStr } from "./core/stateDecorators";
-import { createInstantiatorProxy } from "./core/proxy";
-
-/**
- * VtkWASMLoader type definition
- *
- * @typedef {Object} VtkWASMLoader
- * @property {Boolean} loaded
- */
-export class VtkWASMLoader {
-  #config = null;
-  #loaded = false;
-  #pendingLoad = null;
-  #wasmInstance = null;
-
-  constructor() {
-    this.#config = {};
-    this.#loaded = false;
-    this.#pendingLoad = null;
-    this.#wasmInstance = null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Load VTK WASM library using the base url provided
-   *
-   * If you want to pipe std::cout and std::cerr to the console,
-   * you can provide a config like so:
-   *
-   *   config = {
-   *     print: console.info,
-   *     printErr: console.error,
-   *     rendering: "webgl", // or "webgpu"
-   *     exec: "sync", // or "async"
-   *   }
-   *
-   * @param {string} wasmBaseURL
-   * @param {object} config - for WASM runtime creation.
-   * @param {string} wasmBaseName - (default is "vtk") base name of the wasm bundle to load. e.g., "vtk" or "addon" will
-   *                             look for vtkWebAssembly.mjs or addonWebAssembly.mjs in the wasmBaseURL.
-   */
-  async load(
-    wasmBaseURL,
-    config = DEFAULT_CONFIG,
-    wasmBaseName = "vtk",
-  ) {
-    if (this.#loaded) {
-      return;
-    }
-    validateConfig(config);
-    this.#config = normalizeConfig(config);
-
-    if (!this.#pendingLoad) {
-      const { promise, resolve, reject } = createFuture();
-      this.#pendingLoad = promise;
-
-      // wait for wasm script to load if any (first priority)
-      if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
-        await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript(wasmBaseName);
-      }
-
-      let wasmFile = null;
-      if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
-        if (isGzipBundle(wasmBaseURL)) {
-          let gzipArrayBuffer;
-          let javaScriptBlobURL = null;
-          try {
-            gzipArrayBuffer = await fetchGzipBundle(wasmBaseURL);
-          } catch (e) {
-            reject(e);
-            this.#pendingLoad = null;
-            return;
-          }
-          try {
-            const result = await extractFilesFromGzipBundle(
-              gzipArrayBuffer,
-              this.#config,
-              wasmBaseName,
-            );
-            wasmFile = result.wasm;
-            javaScriptBlobURL = createBlobURL(result.js.buffer, MIME_TYPES.JAVASCRIPT);
-            await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(javaScriptBlobURL);
-          } catch (e) {
-            reject(e);
-            this.#pendingLoad = null;
-            return;
-          }
-          finally {
-            if (javaScriptBlobURL !== null) {
-              disposeBlobURL(javaScriptBlobURL);
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          try {
-            const scriptURL = await createScriptURL(wasmBaseURL, wasmBaseName, this.#config);
-            if (scriptURL !== null) {
-              await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(scriptURL);
-            }
-            // if window.createVTKWASM is still not defined, try legacy loader
-            if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
-              const legacyScriptURL = await createScriptURL(wasmBaseURL, null, null, true);
-              await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(legacyScriptURL);
-            }
-          } catch (e) {
-            reject(e);
-            this.#pendingLoad = null;
-            return;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Load WASM
-      if (window.createVTKWASM) {
-        try {
-          this.#wasmInstance = await window.createVTKWASM(createEmscriptenConfig(this.#config, wasmFile));
-        } catch (e) {
-          reject(e);
-          this.#pendingLoad = null;
-          return;
-        }
-        this.#loaded = true;
-        resolve();
-        this.#pendingLoad = null;
-      } else if (window.createVTKWasmSceneManager) {
-        // Legacy API
-        this.#wasmInstance = null;
-        this.#loaded = true;
-        resolve();
-        this.#pendingLoad = null;
-      } else {
-        const errorMessage = [
-          "Could not load WebAssembly module: window.createVTKWASM is not available after loading scripts.",
-          "Possible causes include:",
-          `  - Incorrect or unreachable 'wasmBaseURL' ("${wasmBaseURL}")`,
-          `  - Wrong 'wasmBaseName' ("${wasmBaseName}") or missing/misnamed .mjs/.wasm files in the bundle`,
-          "  - Network or script loading failures (e.g., 404/500 responses)",
-          "  - Content Security Policy (CSP) blocking script execution",
-          "",
-          "Next steps:",
-          "  - Verify that the expected .mjs and .wasm files are present and accessible under 'wasmBaseURL'",
-          "  - Check the browser's Network/Console tabs for failed script requests or CSP errors.",
-        ].join("\n");
-        reject(new Error(errorMessage));
-        this.#pendingLoad = null;
-      }
-    } else {
-      await this.#pendingLoad;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a vtk namespace for handling vtk object creation.
-   * This must be called after load() is complete. The returned namespace will be a proxy that creates VTK objects in the standalone session.
-   * @returns {Object} The vtk namespace for creating VTK objects.
-   */
-  createNamespace() {
-    const vtkProxyCache = new WeakMap();
-    const idToRef = new Map();
-    const wasm = this.createStandaloneSession();
-    return createInstantiatorProxy(wasm, vtkProxyCache, idToRef);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a new remote session and return it regardless of WASM version.
-   *
-   * @returns {Promise<vtkRemoteSession>}
-   */
-  async createRemoteSession(config) {
-    if (!this.#loaded) {
-      throw new Error("WASM module is not loaded yet. Call load() first.");
-    }
-    const remoteSession = await createRemoteSession(config, this.#config, this.#wasmInstance);
-    return remoteSession;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a new standalone session. Only works with new WASM bundle.
-   *
-   * @returns {vtkStandaloneSession}
-   */
-  createStandaloneSession() {
-    if (!this.#loaded) {
-      throw new Error("WASM module is not loaded yet. Call load() first.");
-    }
-    if (this.#wasmInstance === null) {
-      throw new Error("The currently loaded VTK.wasm version does not support standalone mode");
-    }
-    return new this.#wasmInstance.vtkStandaloneSession();
-  }
-
-  /** Helper for handling API change */
-  createStateDecorator() {
-    if (!this.#loaded) {
-      throw new Error("WASM module is not loaded yet. Call load() first.");
-    }
-    if (this.#wasmInstance !== null) {
-      return convertToObj;
-    }
-    return convertToStr;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/vite.config.js b/vite.config.js
index 339a303..e6c93f4 100644
--- a/vite.config.js
+++ b/vite.config.js
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ export default {
   build: {
     lib: {
       entry: {
-        remote: "src/remote.js",
-        vtk: "src/standalone.js",
+        index: "src/index.js",
         viewer: "src/viewer.js",
       },
       formats: ["es"],
diff --git a/vite.config.standalone.js b/vite.config.standalone.js
index fc48f1a..7eaaada 100644
--- a/vite.config.standalone.js
+++ b/vite.config.standalone.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ export default {
   base: "./",
   build: {
     lib: {
-      entry: "src/standalone.js",
+      entry: "src/index.js",
       formats: ["umd"],
       name: "vtkWASM",
       fileName: "vtk",

From 10b88b6e04fc7c9cf50a05d20a6f4f6b63448364 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:16:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] chore(js): migrate example and demos to loadVtkWasm

Update the simple-app example and the plain-javascript demos to use
loadVtkWasm({ url }).createStandaloneSession().vtk instead of the removed
VtkWASMLoader/createNamespace API.
---
 docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html |  4 +++-
 docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html         |  7 ++++---
 examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js             | 11 ++++++-----
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
index 739a9f2..6bf8580 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
   <body>
     <canvas id="vtk-wasm-window"></canvas>
     <script>
-      vtkWASM.createNamespace().then(buildWASMScene);
+      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasm().then((runtime) =>
+        buildWASMScene(runtime.createStandaloneSession().vtk),
+      );
     </script>
   </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
index 501c97d..cd7a40c 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
   <body>
     <canvas id="vtk-wasm-window" tabindex="-1" onclick="focus()"></canvas>
     <script>
-      vtkWASM.createNamespace("https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz")
-      .then((vtk) => {
-        buildWASMScene(vtk, "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to createNamespace()");
+      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasm({ url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz" })
+      .then((runtime) => {
+        const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+        buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasm()");
       });
     </script>
   </body>
diff --git a/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js b/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
index fc55e1d..4001b17 100644
--- a/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
+++ b/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import "./style.css";
-import { VtkWASMLoader } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm/vtk";
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 import { buildWASMScene } from "./example";
 
-const loader = new VtkWASMLoader();
-await loader.load("https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz");
-const vtk = loader.createNamespace();
-buildWASMScene(vtk, "#app > canvas", "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to createNamespace()");
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+  url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
+});
+const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "#app > canvas", "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasm()");

From f6b38801c2eab0421a1c6201e72f135cf8ce9aeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:16:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] build: package exports, deps, and API-doc tooling

- package.json: collapse exports to the new "." (index) + "./viewer" entry
  points; add docs:api script (run before docs:dev/docs:build)
- add TypeDoc (+ markdown/vitepress theme) and mermaid dev deps
- typedoc.json + tsconfig.json: generate the API reference from source JSDoc
  into docs/api (allowJs, no TS migration)
- gitignore the generated docs/api output
---
 .gitignore        |    1 +
 package-lock.json | 1508 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 package.json      |   17 +-
 tsconfig.json     |   13 +
 typedoc.json      |   15 +
 5 files changed, 1516 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tsconfig.json
 create mode 100644 typedoc.json

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 64440fb..104d01c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 node_modules
 docs/.vitepress/dist
 docs/.vitepress/cache
+docs/api
 docs/public/demo/playground
 docs/public/demo/simple-app
 examples/cpp/vtk
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index d184a6d..c380771 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -20,11 +20,16 @@
         "conventional-changelog-conventionalcommits": "9.1.0",
         "eslint": "^9.22.0",
         "globals": "^16.0.0",
+        "mermaid": "^11.15.0",
         "prettier": "3.5.3",
         "rimraf": "^6.0.1",
         "semantic-release": "25.0.2",
+        "typedoc": "^0.28.19",
+        "typedoc-plugin-markdown": "^4.12.0",
+        "typedoc-vitepress-theme": "^1.1.3",
         "vite": "^6.2.4",
-        "vitepress": "^1.6.3"
+        "vitepress": "^1.6.3",
+        "vitepress-plugin-mermaid": "^2.0.17"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@actions/core": {
@@ -334,6 +339,20 @@
         "node": ">= 14.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@antfu/install-pkg": {
+      "version": "1.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@antfu/install-pkg/-/install-pkg-1.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MGQsmw10ZyI+EJo45CdSER4zEb+p31LpDAFp2Z3gkSd1yqVZGi0Ebx++YTEMonJy4oChEMLsxZ64j8FH6sSqtQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "package-manager-detector": "^1.3.0",
+        "tinyexec": "^1.0.1"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/antfu"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
       "version": "7.27.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.27.1.tgz",
@@ -399,6 +418,20 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@braintree/sanitize-url": {
+      "version": "7.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@braintree/sanitize-url/-/sanitize-url-7.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jigsZK+sMF/cuiB7sERuo9V7N9jx+dhmHHnQyDSVdpZwVutaBu7WvNYqMDLSgFgfB30n452TP3vjDAvFC973mA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/types": {
+      "version": "11.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/types/-/types-11.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U+HFai5+zmJCkK86QsaJtoITlboZHBqrVketcO2ROv865xfCMSFpELQoz1GkX5GzME8pTa+3kbKrZHQtI0gdbw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0"
+    },
     "node_modules/@codemirror/autocomplete": {
       "version": "6.20.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@codemirror/autocomplete/-/autocomplete-6.20.1.tgz",
@@ -1221,6 +1254,62 @@
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@gerrit0/mini-shiki": {
+      "version": "3.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@gerrit0/mini-shiki/-/mini-shiki-3.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bEMORlG0cqdjVyCEuU0cDQbORWX+kYCeo0kV1lbxF5bt4r7SID2l9bqsxJEM0zndaxpOUT7riCyIVEuqq/Ynxg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@shikijs/engine-oniguruma": "^3.23.0",
+        "@shikijs/langs": "^3.23.0",
+        "@shikijs/themes": "^3.23.0",
+        "@shikijs/types": "^3.23.0",
+        "@shikijs/vscode-textmate": "^10.0.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@gerrit0/mini-shiki/node_modules/@shikijs/engine-oniguruma": {
+      "version": "3.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@shikijs/engine-oniguruma/-/engine-oniguruma-3.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1nWINwKXxKKLqPibT5f4pAFLej9oZzQTsby8942OTlsJzOBZ0MWKiwzMsd+jhzu8YPCHAswGnnN1YtQfirL35g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@shikijs/types": "3.23.0",
+        "@shikijs/vscode-textmate": "^10.0.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@gerrit0/mini-shiki/node_modules/@shikijs/langs": {
+      "version": "3.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@shikijs/langs/-/langs-3.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2Ep4W3Re5aB1/62RSYQInK9mM3HsLeB91cHqznAJMuylqjzNVAVCMnNWRHFtcNHXsoNRayP9z1qj4Sq3nMqYXg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@shikijs/types": "3.23.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@gerrit0/mini-shiki/node_modules/@shikijs/themes": {
+      "version": "3.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@shikijs/themes/-/themes-3.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5qySYa1ZgAT18HR/ypENL9cUSGOeI2x+4IvYJu4JgVJdizn6kG4ia5Q1jDEOi7gTbN4RbuYtmHh0W3eccOrjMA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@shikijs/types": "3.23.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@gerrit0/mini-shiki/node_modules/@shikijs/types": {
+      "version": "3.23.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@shikijs/types/-/types-3.23.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3JZ5HXOZfYjsYSk0yPwBrkupyYSLpAE26Qc0HLghhZNGTZg/SKxXIIgoxOpmmeQP0RRSDJTk1/vPfw9tbw+jSQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@shikijs/vscode-textmate": "^10.0.2",
+        "@types/hast": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@humanfs/core": {
       "version": "0.19.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanfs/core/-/core-0.19.1.tgz",
@@ -1304,27 +1393,16 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/balanced-match": {
-      "version": "4.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-4.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-yzMTt9lEb8Gv7zRioUilSglI0c0smZ9k5D65677DLWLtWJaXIS3CqcGyUFByYKlnUj6TkjLVs54fBl6+TiGQDQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "20 || >=22"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@isaacs/brace-expansion": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZT55BDLV0yv0RBm2czMiZ+SqCGO7AvmOM3G/w2xhVPH+te0aKgFjmBvGlL1dH+ql2tgGO3MVrbb3jCKyvpgnxA==",
+    "node_modules/@iconify/utils": {
+      "version": "3.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@iconify/utils/-/utils-3.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LPKOXPn/zV+zis1oOfGWogaXVpqUybF3ZS6SCZIsz8vg0ivVp9+fVqyYB7xq0aiST/VhUQYGO1qo6uoYSiEJqw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@isaacs/balanced-match": "^4.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "20 || >=22"
+        "@antfu/install-pkg": "^1.1.0",
+        "@iconify/types": "^2.0.0",
+        "import-meta-resolve": "^4.2.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@isaacs/cliui": {
@@ -1415,6 +1493,41 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-l0h88YhZFyKdXIFNfSWpyjStDjGHwZ/U7iobcK1cQQD8sejsONdQtTVU+1wVN1PBw40PiiHB1vA5S7VTfQiP9g==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@mermaid-js/mermaid-mindmap": {
+      "version": "9.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mermaid-js/mermaid-mindmap/-/mermaid-mindmap-9.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IhtYSVBBRYviH1Ehu8gk69pMDF8DSRqXBRDMWrEfHoaMruHeaP2DXA3PBnuwsMaCdPQhlUUcy/7DBLAEIXvCAw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@braintree/sanitize-url": "^6.0.0",
+        "cytoscape": "^3.23.0",
+        "cytoscape-cose-bilkent": "^4.1.0",
+        "cytoscape-fcose": "^2.1.0",
+        "d3": "^7.0.0",
+        "khroma": "^2.0.0",
+        "non-layered-tidy-tree-layout": "^2.0.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@mermaid-js/mermaid-mindmap/node_modules/@braintree/sanitize-url": {
+      "version": "6.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@braintree/sanitize-url/-/sanitize-url-6.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-s3jaWicZd0pkP0jf5ysyHUI/RE7MHos6qlToFcGWXVp+ykHOy77OUMrfbgJ9it2C5bow7OIQwYYaHjk9XlBQ2A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/@mermaid-js/parser": {
+      "version": "1.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mermaid-js/parser/-/parser-1.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VuHdsYMK1bT6X2JbcAaWAhugTRvRBRyuZgd+c22swUeI9g/ntaxF7CY7dYarhZovofCbUNO0G7JesfmNtjYOCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@chevrotain/types": "~11.1.1"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@octokit/auth-token": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@octokit/auth-token/-/auth-token-6.0.0.tgz",
@@ -2267,6 +2380,290 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/d3": {
+      "version": "7.4.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/d3/-/d3-7.4.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lZXZ9ckh5R8uiFVt8ogUNf+pIrK4EsWrx2Np75WvF/eTpJ0FMHNhjXk8CKEx/+gpHbNQyJWehbFaTvqmHWB3ww==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/d3-array": "*",
+        "@types/d3-axis": "*",
+        "@types/d3-brush": "*",
+        "@types/d3-chord": "*",
+        "@types/d3-color": "*",
+        "@types/d3-contour": "*",
+        "@types/d3-delaunay": "*",
+        "@types/d3-dispatch": "*",
+        "@types/d3-drag": "*",
+        "@types/d3-dsv": "*",
+        "@types/d3-ease": "*",
+        "@types/d3-fetch": "*",
+        "@types/d3-force": "*",
+        "@types/d3-format": "*",
+        "@types/d3-geo": "*",
+        "@types/d3-hierarchy": "*",
+        "@types/d3-interpolate": "*",
+        "@types/d3-path": "*",
+        "@types/d3-polygon": "*",
+        "@types/d3-quadtree": "*",
+        "@types/d3-random": "*",
+        "@types/d3-scale": "*",
+        "@types/d3-scale-chromatic": "*",
+        "@types/d3-selection": "*",
+        "@types/d3-shape": "*",
+        "@types/d3-time": "*",
+        "@types/d3-time-format": "*",
+        "@types/d3-timer": "*",
+        "@types/d3-transition": "*",
+        "@types/d3-zoom": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/d3-array": {
+      "version": "3.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/d3-array/-/d3-array-3.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hOLWVbm7uRza0BYXpIIW5pxfrKe0W+D5lrFiAEYR+pb6w3N2SwSMaJbXdUfSEv+dT4MfHBLtn5js0LAWaO6otw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/d3-axis": {
+      "version": "3.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/d3-axis/-/d3-axis-3.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pYeijfZuBd87T0hGn0FO1vQ/cgLk6E1ALJjfkC0oJ8cbwkZl3TpgS8bVBLZN+2jjGgg38epgxb2zmoGtSfvgMw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/d3-selection": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/d3-brush": {
+      "version": "3.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/d3-brush/-/d3-brush-3.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nH60IZNNxEcrh6L1ZSMNA28rj27ut/2ZmI3r96Zd+1jrZD++zD3LsMIjWlvg4AYrHn/Pqz4CF3veCxGjtbqt7A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/d3-selection": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/d3-chord": {
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     },
+    "node_modules/robust-predicates": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/robust-predicates/-/robust-predicates-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NS3levdsRIUOmiJ8FZWCP7LG3QpJyrs/TE0Zpf1yvZu8cAJJ6QMW92H1c7kWpdIHo8RvmLxN/o2JXTKHp74lUA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Unlicense"
+    },
     "node_modules/rollup": {
       "version": "4.40.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.40.1.tgz",
@@ -8293,12 +9570,39 @@
         "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/roughjs": {
+      "version": "4.6.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/roughjs/-/roughjs-4.6.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZUz/69+SYpFN/g/lUlo2FXcIjRkSu3nDarreVdGGndHEBJ6cXPdKguS8JGxwj5HA5xIbVKSmLgr5b3AWxtRfvQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "hachure-fill": "^0.5.2",
+        "path-data-parser": "^0.1.0",
+        "points-on-curve": "^0.2.0",
+        "points-on-path": "^0.2.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/rw": {
+      "version": "1.3.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rw/-/rw-1.3.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PdhdWy89SiZogBLaw42zdeqtRJ//zFd2PgQavcICDUgJT5oW10QCRKbJ6bg4r0/UY2M6BWd5tkxuGFRvCkgfHQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
+    },
     "node_modules/safe-buffer": {
       "version": "5.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.1.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Gd2UZBJDkXlY7GbJxfsE8/nvKkUEU1G38c1siN6QP6a9PT9MmHB8GnpscSmMJSoF8LOIrt8ud/wPtojys4G6+g==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/safer-buffer": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YZo3K82SD7Riyi0E1EQPojLz7kpepnSQI9IyPbHHg1XXXevb5dJI7tpyN2ADxGcQbHG7vcyRHk0cbwqcQriUtg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/search-insights": {
       "version": "2.17.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/search-insights/-/search-insights-2.17.3.tgz",
@@ -8857,6 +10161,13 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-i/n8VsZydrugj3Iuzll8+x/00GH2vnYsk1eomD8QiRrSAeW6ItbCQDtfXCeJHd0iwiNagqjQkvpvREEPtW3IoQ==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/stylis": {
+      "version": "4.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/stylis/-/stylis-4.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5Z9ZpRzfuH6l/UAvCPAPUo3665Nk2wLaZU3x+TLHKVzIz33+sbJqbtrYoC3KD4/uVOr2Zp+L0LySezP9OHV9yA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/super-regex": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/super-regex/-/super-regex-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -9042,6 +10353,16 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tinyexec": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tinyexec/-/tinyexec-1.2.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-SHf/r48b7vOrjve9PxJo3MN5v5yuyjHvdUcrQffT3WXMUfnGmHDVbC4k3sHJaJTgZCwpUplIaAo5ANtMyp3YHg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tinyglobby": {
       "version": "0.2.14",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tinyglobby/-/tinyglobby-0.2.14.tgz",
@@ -9096,6 +10417,16 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ts-dedent": {
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-dedent/-/ts-dedent-2.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JfJeIHke7y2egdGGgRAvpCwYFUsHlM2gPcrVOxFkznt/4uzQ7HFmvE63iFHVLBJNDuyDOQgijDK/tXH/f6Msjg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tunnel": {
       "version": "0.0.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tunnel/-/tunnel-0.0.6.tgz",
@@ -9135,6 +10466,75 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/typedoc": {
+      "version": "0.28.19",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typedoc/-/typedoc-0.28.19.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wKh+lhdmMFivMlc6vRRcMGXeGEHGU2g8a2CkPTJjJlwRf1iXbimWIPcFolCqe4E0d/FRtGszpIrsp3WLpDB8Pw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@gerrit0/mini-shiki": "^3.23.0",
+        "lunr": "^2.3.9",
+        "markdown-it": "^14.1.1",
+        "minimatch": "^10.2.5",
+        "yaml": "^2.8.3"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "typedoc": "bin/typedoc"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 18",
+        "pnpm": ">= 10"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": "5.0.x || 5.1.x || 5.2.x || 5.3.x || 5.4.x || 5.5.x || 5.6.x || 5.7.x || 5.8.x || 5.9.x || 6.0.x"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typedoc-plugin-markdown": {
+      "version": "4.12.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typedoc-plugin-markdown/-/typedoc-plugin-markdown-4.12.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-eJDEMAfxCmede22c/Jw7d0FA13ggAQv+KkwQYKYCdqI02cin6Rc9QRwbG/7XvvHWinuFejySnZVUWDtvGk3Vbg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typedoc": "0.28.x"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typedoc-vitepress-theme": {
+      "version": "1.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typedoc-vitepress-theme/-/typedoc-vitepress-theme-1.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EK9iV7e3+R8lFNigdc0rIPWMxqfmDku0uGac3qYUu9tS4Qf1rhWZnyZJ4zu4G3iXrP5mqNPkv2wpODzRlA7jLw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typedoc-plugin-markdown": ">=4.11.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typescript": {
+      "version": "6.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-6.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-y2TvuxSZPDyQakkFRPZHKFm+KKVqIisdg9/CZwm9ftvKXLP8NRWj38/ODjNbr43SsoXqNuAisEf1GdCxqWcdBw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.17"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/uc.micro": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uc.micro/-/uc.micro-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ARDJmphmdvUk6Glw7y9DQ2bFkKBHwQHLi2lsaH6PPmz/Ka9sFOBsBluozhDltWmnv9u/cF6Rt87znRTPV+yp/A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/uglify-js": {
       "version": "3.19.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uglify-js/-/uglify-js-3.19.3.tgz",
@@ -9314,6 +10714,20 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-EPD5q1uXyFxJpCrLnCc1nHnq3gOa6DZBocAIiI2TaSCA7VCJ1UJDMagCzIkXNsUYfD1daK//LTEQ8xiIbrHtcw==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/uuid": {
+      "version": "14.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-14.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Qo+uWgilfSmAhXCMav1uYFynlQO7fMFiMVZsQqZRMIXp0O7rR7qjkj+cPvBHLgBqi960QCoo/PH2/6ZtVqKvrg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "uuid": "dist-node/bin/uuid"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/validate-npm-package-license": {
       "version": "3.0.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/validate-npm-package-license/-/validate-npm-package-license-3.0.4.tgz",
@@ -9472,6 +10886,20 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/vitepress-plugin-mermaid": {
+      "version": "2.0.17",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vitepress-plugin-mermaid/-/vitepress-plugin-mermaid-2.0.17.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IUzYpwf61GC6k0XzfmAmNrLvMi9TRrVRMsUyCA8KNXhg/mQ1VqWnO0/tBVPiX5UoKF1mDUwqn5QV4qAJl6JnUg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@mermaid-js/mermaid-mindmap": "^9.3.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "mermaid": "10 || 11",
+        "vitepress": "^1.0.0 || ^1.0.0-alpha"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/vitepress/node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
       "version": "0.21.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.21.5.tgz",
@@ -10141,6 +11569,22 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/yaml": {
+      "version": "2.9.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yaml/-/yaml-2.9.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2AvhNX3mb8zd6Zy7INTtSpl1F15HW6Wnqj0srWlkKLcpYl/gMIMJiyuGq2KeI2YFxUPjdlB+3Lc10seMLtL4cA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "yaml": "bin.mjs"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 14.6"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/eemeli"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/yargs": {
       "version": "18.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs/-/yargs-18.0.0.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d794556..5efe793 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
     "build": "npm run build:esm && npm run build:vtk && npm run build:viewer",
     "build:example:simple-app": "npm install --no-save --prefix examples/js/simple-app && npm run build --prefix examples/js/simple-app",
     "build:examples": "npm run build:example:simple-app",
-    "docs:build": "npm run build && npm run build:examples && vitepress build docs",
-    "docs:dev": "vitepress dev docs",
-    "docs:clean": "rimraf docs/.vitepress/dist",
+    "docs:api": "typedoc",
+    "docs:build": "npm run build && npm run build:examples && npm run docs:api && vitepress build docs",
+    "docs:dev": "npm run docs:api && vitepress dev docs",
+    "docs:clean": "rimraf docs/.vitepress/dist docs/api",
     "docs:preview": "vitepress preview docs",
     "format": "prettier .  --write",
     "lint": "eslint --fix src",
@@ -39,19 +40,23 @@
     "conventional-changelog-conventionalcommits": "9.1.0",
     "eslint": "^9.22.0",
     "globals": "^16.0.0",
+    "mermaid": "^11.15.0",
     "prettier": "3.5.3",
     "rimraf": "^6.0.1",
     "semantic-release": "25.0.2",
+    "typedoc": "^0.28.19",
+    "typedoc-plugin-markdown": "^4.12.0",
+    "typedoc-vitepress-theme": "^1.1.3",
     "vite": "^6.2.4",
-    "vitepress": "^1.6.3"
+    "vitepress": "^1.6.3",
+    "vitepress-plugin-mermaid": "^2.0.17"
   },
   "files": [
     "dist/**/*"
   ],
   "exports": {
+    ".": "./dist/esm/index.mjs",
     "./style.css": "./dist/esm/vtk-wasm.css",
-    "./remote": "./dist/esm/remote.mjs",
-    "./vtk": "./dist/esm/vtk.mjs",
     "./viewer": "./dist/esm/viewer.mjs",
     "./viewer-umd.js": "./dist/umd/viewer.umd.js",
     "./vtk-umd.js": "./dist/umd/vtk.umd.js",
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ee229d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "checkJs": false,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "target": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "strict": false
+  },
+  "include": ["src"]
+}
diff --git a/typedoc.json b/typedoc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d32565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/typedoc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://typedoc.org/schema.json",
+  "plugin": ["typedoc-plugin-markdown", "typedoc-vitepress-theme"],
+  "entryPoints": ["src/index.js", "src/viewer.js"],
+  "tsconfig": "tsconfig.json",
+  "out": "docs/api",
+  "readme": "none",
+  "githubPages": false,
+  "hideGenerator": true,
+  "entryFileName": "index",
+  "useCodeBlocks": true,
+  "expandObjects": true,
+  "parametersFormat": "table",
+  "docsRoot": "docs"
+}

From 564e1a5a1b2b6a3f7e1befbb1f32f5fec5f35a2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:17:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] docs(js): restructure JavaScript guides and add API
 reference

- new conceptual guides: Loading VTK.wasm (with a mermaid path diagram),
  Standalone Session, and Remote Session, each linking into the generated
  API reference rather than restating signatures
- merge HTML Script Tag + Bundler Integration into "Adding VTK.wasm to a
  Project"; remove the JS Getting started page
- reorder the "For JavaScript developers" sidebar and repoint inbound links
- wire the TypeDoc-generated API reference into the nav/sidebar (expanded by
  default) and enable mermaid via vitepress-plugin-mermaid
---
 docs/.vitepress/config.mjs          | 37 ++++++++++++--
 docs/guide/js/bundler.md            | 28 ----------
 docs/guide/js/index.md              | 31 -----------
 docs/guide/js/integration.md        | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/guide/js/loading.md            | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/guide/js/plain.md              | 61 ----------------------
 docs/guide/js/primer.md             |  2 +-
 docs/guide/js/remote-session.md     | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md | 45 ++++++++++++++++
 docs/index.md                       | 24 +--------
 10 files changed, 292 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 docs/guide/js/bundler.md
 delete mode 100644 docs/guide/js/index.md
 create mode 100644 docs/guide/js/integration.md
 create mode 100644 docs/guide/js/loading.md
 delete mode 100644 docs/guide/js/plain.md
 create mode 100644 docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
 create mode 100644 docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md

diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/config.mjs b/docs/.vitepress/config.mjs
index fbec974..40569c3 100644
--- a/docs/.vitepress/config.mjs
+++ b/docs/.vitepress/config.mjs
@@ -1,7 +1,28 @@
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { dirname, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { defineConfig } from "vitepress";
+import { withMermaid } from "vitepress-plugin-mermaid";
+
+// API reference sidebar generated by TypeDoc (npm run docs:api). Falls back to
+// an empty list so the docs still build before the API has been generated.
+const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const apiSidebarFile = resolve(__dirname, "../api/typedoc-sidebar.json");
+
+// TypeDoc marks every group `collapsed: true`; expand them by default.
+const expandSidebar = (items) =>
+  items.map((item) =>
+    item.items
+      ? { ...item, collapsed: false, items: expandSidebar(item.items) }
+      : item,
+  );
+
+const apiSidebar = existsSync(apiSidebarFile)
+  ? expandSidebar(JSON.parse(readFileSync(apiSidebarFile, "utf-8")))
+  : [];
 
 // https://vitepress.dev/reference/site-config
-export default defineConfig({
+export default withMermaid(defineConfig({
   base: "/vtk-wasm",
   title: "VTK.wasm",
   description: "Guides and documentation around VTK.wasm",
@@ -50,6 +71,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
     nav: [
       { text: "Home", link: "/" },
       { text: "News", link: "/news" },
+      { text: "API", link: "/api/" },
       { text: "Guides", link: "/guide/" },
       { text: "Roadmap",
         items: [
@@ -91,10 +113,11 @@ export default defineConfig({
         {
           text: "For JavaScript developers",
           items: [
-            { text: "Getting started", link: "/guide/js/" },
+            { text: "Loading VTK.wasm", link: "/guide/js/loading" },
+            { text: "Standalone Session", link: "/guide/js/standalone-session" },
             { text: "Primer on VTK.wasm", link: "/guide/js/primer" },
-            { text: "HTML Script Tag", link: "/guide/js/plain" },
-            { text: "Bundler Integration", link: "/guide/js/bundler" },
+            { text: "Remote Session", link: "/guide/js/remote-session" },
+            { text: "Adding VTK.wasm to a Project", link: "/guide/js/integration" },
           ],
         },
         {
@@ -113,6 +136,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
           ],
         },
       ],
+      "/api/": [
+        { text: "API Reference", link: "/api/" },
+        ...apiSidebar,
+      ],
       "/roadmap/": [
         { text: "Overview", link: "/roadmap/" },
         { text: "Module Availability", link: "/roadmap/modules" },
@@ -124,4 +151,4 @@ export default defineConfig({
       { icon: 'github', link: 'https://github.com/Kitware/vtk-wasm' }
     ]
   },
-});
+}));
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/bundler.md b/docs/guide/js/bundler.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0409b81..0000000
--- a/docs/guide/js/bundler.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Bundler Integration
-
-Modern web development rely on package manager to bring project dependencies. This section covers how published releases can be used within a JavaScript project.
-
-## Project setup
-
-In the simple example we are going to use [Vite](https://vite.dev/) with Vanilla JavaScript. The full code is available for reference [here](https://github.com/Kitware/vtk-wasm/tree/main/examples/js/simple-app). Please note that you should use a concrete version, or "latest" for the `@kitware/vtk-wasm` package. Here, the example uses a relative path to the `vtk-wasm` project root, so the in-repo documentation stays relevant.
-
-::: code-group
-<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/package.json
-<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/index.html
-<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js [src/main.js]
-<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/example.js [src/example.js]
-<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/style.css [src/style.css]
-```bash [Install/Build]
-npm install
-npm run build
-```
-:::
-
-Here, the VTK.wasm bundle is downloaded in the browser directly from the Gitlab package registry. See the `src/main.js` file for the relevant code.
-
-
-## Result
-
-<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/simple-app/index.html" style="width: 100%; height: 25vh; border: none;"></iframe>
-
-[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/simple-app/index.html){target="_blank"}
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/index.md b/docs/guide/js/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 99f4a1b..0000000
--- a/docs/guide/js/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# VTK.wasm from JavaScript
-
-This guide focuses on using the VTK WASM bundle from plain JavaScript, requiring no prior C++ knowledge. VTK.wasm allows you to use [VTK](https://www.vtk.org) without needing to learn C++. This can be particularly beneficial for web developers who are already familiar with JavaScript and want to integrate advanced visualization capabilities into their web applications.
-
-## Overview
-Most C++ classes from the [VTK C++ Documentation](https://vtk.org/doc/nightly/html/) are available through a single JavaScript object, which we refer to as the **vtk** namespace.
-
-Once you have access to the **vtk** namespace (see [Bundler Integration](./bundler.md)), you can interact with VTK classes using standard JavaScript.
-
-<Playground console-min-height=10px>
-    <textarea data-lang="html" style="display:none"><!doctype html>
-<html lang="en">
-    <head>
-        <script
-            src="https://unpkg.com/@kitware/vtk-wasm/vtk-umd.js"
-            id="vtk-wasm"
-            data-url="https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.6.20260228/vtk-9.6.20260228-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz">
-        </script>
-    </head>
-    <body>
-    </body>
-</html></textarea>
-<pre data-lang="js" style="display:none">const vtk = await window.vtkReady;
-</pre>
-</Playground>
-
-The following sections will guide you through the essential aspects of using VTK.wasm with JavaScript:
-
-- [Primer on VTK.wasm](./primer.md)
-- [HTML Script Tag](./plain.md)
-- [Bundler Integration](./bundler.md)
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/integration.md b/docs/guide/js/integration.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93778ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/guide/js/integration.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Adding VTK.wasm to a Project
+
+There are two ways to get VTK.wasm into a web project:
+
+- **HTML Script Tag** — load a prebuilt bundle from a CDN, no build step required. Best for quick prototypes, demos, and embedding into existing pages.
+- **Bundler** — install the `@kitware/vtk-wasm` package and `import` it. Best for application development with a tool like Vite.
+
+Either way you end up calling [`loadVtkWasm`](./loading.md); only how it reaches the page differs.
+
+## HTML Script Tag
+
+Use VTK.wasm directly in an HTML file using a `<script>` tag without a build step.
+
+The following examples rely on loading the `vtk.umd.js` bundle from a CDN. To focus on the initialization part, we've externalized the JS/WASM scene code since that part does not change.
+
+### Load WASM as a module
+
+In this example we pre-load the WASM module, so we don't need to provide any URL when loading it.
+
+::: code-group
+<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
+<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
+:::
+
+### Defer WASM loading
+
+Since we didn't pre-load the WASM module here, we provide the URL where the WASM bundle can be found.
+
+::: code-group
+<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript.html
+<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
+:::
+
+<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/plain-javascript.html" style="width: 100%; height: 40vh; border: none;"></iframe>
+
+[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/plain-javascript.html){target="_blank"}
+
+### Defer WASM loading with annotation
+
+Here we tag the script to autoload WASM directly from the VTK repository's package registry and create a global `vtk` namespace. You can customize the wasm architecture and version by changing the `data-url`.
+
+::: code-group
+<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html
+<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
+:::
+
+<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html" style="width: 100%; height: 40vh; border: none;"></iframe>
+
+[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html){target="_blank"}
+
+The `data-config` attribute on the annotation `<script>` accepts the same settings as the options object passed to `loadVtkWasm(...)` — for example, add `data-config='{"rendering": "webgpu"}'` to switch the rendering backend. See [Loading VTK.wasm](./loading.md) for what each option does, or the [`loadVtkWasm` reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) for the exact option types.
+
+## Bundler
+
+Modern web development relies on a package manager to bring in project dependencies. This section covers how published releases are used within a JavaScript project.
+
+### Project setup
+
+In this simple example we use [Vite](https://vite.dev/) with Vanilla JavaScript. The full code is available for reference [here](https://github.com/Kitware/vtk-wasm/tree/main/examples/js/simple-app). Use a concrete version, or `"latest"`, for the `@kitware/vtk-wasm` package. Here, the example uses a relative path to the `vtk-wasm` project root so the in-repo documentation stays relevant.
+
+::: code-group
+<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/package.json
+<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/index.html
+<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js [src/main.js]
+<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/example.js [src/example.js]
+<<< ../../../examples/js/simple-app/src/style.css [src/style.css]
+```bash [Install/Build]
+npm install
+npm run build
+```
+:::
+
+Here, the VTK.wasm bundle is downloaded in the browser directly from the GitLab package registry. See the `src/main.js` file for the relevant code.
+
+### Result
+
+<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/simple-app/index.html" style="width: 100%; height: 25vh; border: none;"></iframe>
+
+[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/simple-app/index.html){target="_blank"}
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/loading.md b/docs/guide/js/loading.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1410490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/guide/js/loading.md
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Loading VTK.wasm
+
+Everything starts with a single call: [`loadVtkWasm(options)`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) returns a [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime) — a loaded WebAssembly module that acts as the factory for sessions.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    ST["HTML script tag (global vtkWASM)"]
+    BD["Bundler import"]
+    AN["Annotation script tag"]
+
+    ST --> LF["loadVtkWasm(options)"]
+    BD --> LF
+    LF --> RT["VtkWasmRuntime — cached per url + config"]
+
+    RT -->|createStandaloneSession| SS["StandaloneSession"]
+    RT -->|createRemoteSession| RS["RemoteSession"]
+
+    SS --> NS["session.vtk: create & render objects"]
+    RS --> RW["bindNetwork + bindCanvas + update"]
+
+    AN -.->|auto: loads + standalone session| NS
+
+    NS --> DS["session.dispose()"]
+    RW --> DS
+    RT --> DR["runtime.dispose()"]
+```
+
+```js
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+  url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.6.20260228/vtk-9.6.20260228-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
+});
+```
+
+First you need `loadVtkWasm` on the page. Pick whichever fits your setup (see [Adding VTK.wasm to a Project](./integration.md)):
+
+- [HTML Script Tag](./integration.md#html-script-tag) — no build step; `loadVtkWasm` lives on the global `vtkWASM` object.
+- [Bundler](./integration.md#bundler) — `import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm"`.
+
+For the complete, generated list of exported functions and classes, see the [API Reference](/api/).
+
+## Choosing options
+
+`loadVtkWasm` takes one options object. The most common choices are conceptual; the full list with types is in the [API reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm).
+
+- **Where to load from** — `url` points at a directory or a `.tar.gz` bundle. Skip it when the module is already loaded as a script. `wasmBaseName` (default `"vtk"`) and `urlIsGzip` adjust how the bundle is located.
+- **Rendering backend** — `rendering: "webgl"` (default) or `"webgpu"`. WebGPU requires async execution and is switched on automatically.
+- **Execution mode** — `exec: "sync"` (default) or `"async"`. Async unlocks WebGPU and non-blocking calls but requires [JavaScript Promise Integration (JSPI)](https://v8.dev/blog/jspi) support in the browser.
+- **Console output** — pass `print` / `printErr` to pipe C++ `std::cout` / `std::cerr` to JavaScript.
+
+## Runtimes are cached
+
+Runtimes are cached per `(url, wasmBaseName, rendering, exec)`. Calling `loadVtkWasm` again with the same options returns the existing runtime instead of fetching and instantiating a second copy, so it is safe to call from multiple places.
+
+## Creating sessions
+
+A runtime does nothing on its own — it creates **sessions**:
+
+```js
+const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession(); // in-browser rendering
+// or
+const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();      // server-driven rendering
+```
+
+- [Standalone Session](./standalone-session.md) — create and render VTK objects entirely in the browser.
+- [Remote Session](./remote-session.md) — mirror a scene driven by a server.
+
+## Releasing a runtime
+
+Call [`runtime.dispose()`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime#dispose) (or use a `using` declaration) to drop it from the shared cache. Note that Emscripten cannot reclaim a runtime's heap before a page reload — disposing the **sessions** is what actually frees C++ memory.
+
+---
+
+**Reference:** [`loadVtkWasm`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) · [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime)
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/plain.md b/docs/guide/js/plain.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 58f0133..0000000
--- a/docs/guide/js/plain.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-# HTML Script Tag
-
-This guide explains how to use VTK-Wasm directly in an HTML file using a `<script>` tag without a build step.
-
-The following examples rely on loading the `vtk.umd.js` bundle from a CDN. Also to mainly focus on the initialization part, we've externalized the JS/WASM code since that part does not change.
-
-## Load WASM as module
-
-In this example we pre-load the WASM module and therefore we don't need to provide any URL for loading it when creating the __vtk__ namespace.
-
-::: code-group
-<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
-<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
-:::
-
-## Defer WASM loading
-
-In this example, since we didn't load the WASM module, we need to specify from where it should be loaded.
-
-In this context we provide the URL where the WASM bundle can be found and used from.
-
-::: code-group
-<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript.html
-<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
-:::
-
-<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/plain-javascript.html" style="width: 100%; height: 40vh; border: none;"></iframe>
-
-[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/plain-javascript.html){target="_blank"}
-
-## Defer WASM loading with annotation
-
-In this example we tag the script to autoload WASM directly from the VTK repository's package registry and create a global vtk namespace. You can customize the wasm architecture and version by changing the data-url.
-
-::: code-group
-<<< ../../public/demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html
-<<< ../../public/demo/example.js
-:::
-
-<iframe src="/vtk-wasm/demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html" style="width: 100%; height: 40vh; border: none;"></iframe>
-
-[Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html){target="_blank"}
-
-
-## Configuration options
-
-The method `createNamespace(url, config)` takes two arguments. The first one is used to specify the base directory where the wasm file from VTK will be find. When the module is loaded, the __url__ parameter could be skipped. For the __config__ it is aimed to tune how you would like your WASM environement to behave. The following sections cover the various options and what it means.
-
-- `{ rendering: 'webgl', mode: 'sync' }`
-  - Using WebGL2 for rendering.
-  - Using synchronous method execution.
-- `{ rendering: 'webgl', mode: 'async' }`
-  - Using WebGL2 for rendering.
-  - Using asynchronous method execution.
-  - This require WebAssembly JavaScript Promise Integration (JSPI) support in your browser
-- `{ rendering: 'webgpu' }`
-  - Using WebGPU for rendering.
-  - WebGPU only works with the asynchronous implementation of method execution.
-  - This require WebAssembly JavaScript Promise Integration (JSPI) support in your browser
-
-For the __annotation__ usecase you can add `data-config="{'rendering': 'webgpu'}"` attribute in your HTML to adjust the config setting.
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/primer.md b/docs/guide/js/primer.md
index e5059f4..64e9612 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/primer.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/primer.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 This primer introduces the **vtk** namespace and the core interaction patterns used to create and manipulate VTK objects. If you want to jump straight to rendering, go to [WebGL2 rendering within HTML canvas](#webgl2-rendering-within-html-canvas)
 
-All of these code snippets load the vtk-wasm JS library and the binaries using a `<script>` tag in the HTML - for convenience. See [HTML Script Tag](./plain.md) for details.
+All of these code snippets load the vtk-wasm JS library and the binaries using a `<script>` tag in the HTML - for convenience. See [HTML Script Tag](./integration.md#html-script-tag) for details.
 
 ## Create objects
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73c94f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Remote Session
+
+A **remote session** mirrors a scene that lives on a server. The server owns the real VTK pipeline; the browser receives serialized object **state** plus binary **blobs**, registers them into a local WebAssembly scene, and renders. This is the model used by [trame](../trame/) and the [data viewer](../viewer/).
+
+Use a remote session when the data is large, generated server-side, or shared across clients. For purely in-browser work, reach for a [Standalone Session](./standalone-session.md) instead.
+
+Create one from a [runtime](./loading.md):
+
+```js
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
+```
+
+## Wire up the network
+
+A remote session does not know how to reach your server. You provide three fetchers through [`bindNetwork`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindnetwork): one to fetch an object's state, one to fetch a blob by hash, and one to fetch the server's status (what changed since last time).
+
+```js
+remote.bindNetwork(fetchState, fetchHash, fetchStatus);
+```
+
+## Bring your own canvas
+
+The session never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements — you own them. Create a `<canvas>` with an `id`, add it to the DOM, then associate it with a render window via [`bindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindcanvas):
+
+```js
+remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, "my-canvas");      // install interaction listeners
+remote.setSize(renderWindowId, 800, 600);            // size the canvas + render window
+```
+
+When the canvas goes away, [`unbindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#unbindcanvas) removes the listeners and forgets the mapping, leaving the element itself untouched.
+
+## Drive updates
+
+Call [`update`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#update) to pull the latest server state for a render window and render it. Pass `bindCanvas: true` the first time so the render window is connected to its canvas:
+
+```js
+await remote.update(renderWindowId, /* bindCanvas */ true);
+```
+
+To surface download progress (state + blob counts), register a callback with [`addProgressCallback`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#addprogresscallback); it returns a function that removes the callback.
+
+## Reading state
+
+Once synchronized, inspect objects locally without another round trip via [`getState`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getstate) and [`getStateValue`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getstatevalue), or get a controllable proxy with [`getVtkObject`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getvtkobject).
+
+## Cleaning up
+
+[`remote.dispose()`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#dispose) frees the C++ session and detaches the interaction listeners from your canvases (the canvas elements are left in place). As with standalone sessions, `using` works too:
+
+```js
+using remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
+```
+
+---
+
+**Reference:** [`RemoteSession`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession) · [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime)
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md b/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c505a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Standalone Session
+
+A **standalone session** runs everything in the browser: you create VTK objects, build a pipeline, and render to a canvas — all client-side, with no server involved. This is the most common way to use VTK.wasm.
+
+Create one from a [runtime](./loading.md):
+
+```js
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+
+const vtk = session.vtk; // the namespace
+```
+
+## The `vtk` namespace
+
+[`session.vtk`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/StandaloneSession#vtk) is the single object you create everything from. Calling `vtk.vtkActor({ ... })` instantiates the corresponding C++ class and returns a proxy you drive with plain JavaScript.
+
+The interaction patterns — creating objects, reading and writing properties, calling methods, observers, and rendering to a `<canvas>` — are covered in the [Primer on VTK.wasm](./primer.md). The primer reaches the namespace through the annotation shortcut (`window.vtkReady`); `session.vtk` is the exact same namespace obtained explicitly.
+
+## Cleaning up
+
+When you are done, call [`session.dispose()`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/StandaloneSession#dispose) to free the underlying C++ session and every object it owns:
+
+```js
+session.dispose();
+```
+
+Sessions also implement `Symbol.dispose`, so a `using` declaration disposes automatically at the end of the scope:
+
+```js
+using session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+// ... session.dispose() runs automatically here
+```
+
+Disposing a session is what actually reclaims C++ memory — see [Releasing a runtime](./loading.md#releasing-a-runtime) for why disposing the runtime is not enough.
+
+## Escape hatch
+
+If you need a C++ API that the namespace does not surface, [`session.native`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/StandaloneSession#native) exposes the raw `vtkStandaloneSession`. Prefer `session.vtk` for everyday use.
+
+---
+
+**Reference:** [`StandaloneSession`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/StandaloneSession) · [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime)
diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md
index ec445d5..d2031e2 100644
--- a/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/index.md
@@ -20,33 +20,11 @@ hero:
       link: /guide/cpp/
     - theme: alt
       text: JavaScript
-      link: /guide/js/
+      link: /guide/js/loading
     - theme: alt
       text: trame
       link: /guide/trame/
 
-features:
-  - title: VTK
-    icon:
-      src: /logos/vtk.svg
-      alt: VTK
-      width: 45
-    details: The Visualization Toolkit (VTK) is open source software for manipulating and displaying scientific data.The platform is used worldwide in commercial applications, as well as in research and development.
-    link: https://vtk.org/
-  - title: Open Source
-    icon:
-      src: /logos/opensource.svg
-      alt: Pure Python
-      width: 28
-    details: VTK is an open source project licensed under BSD 3-Clause license that enables the broadest possible audience, including commercial organizations, to use the software royalty free.
-    link: https://www.kitware.com/open-source/
-  - title: Support and Services
-    icon:
-      src: /logos/k.svg
-      alt: Kitware Inc.
-      width: 20
-    details: Kitware can help you get started intergrating VTK.wasm into your application. Our team is here to help.  Please contact us
-    link: https://www.kitware.com/support
 #  - details: '<iframe src="./demo/viewer-basic.html" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none"></iframe>'
 #  - details: '<iframe src="./demo/viewer-porsche.html" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none"></iframe>'
 #  - details: '<iframe src="./demo/viewer-starfighter.html" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none"></iframe>'

From a67d005aecde1d54789952045bc3f2253950c08a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:20:01 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] docs: trim README to onboarding essentials

---
 README.md | 83 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9751b62..614d2ad 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,69 +1,52 @@
-# vtk-wasm
+# @kitware/vtk-wasm
 
-## Project Structure and Build Scripts
+JavaScript bindings for loading and driving [VTK](https://www.vtk.org) compiled to WebAssembly — build 3D visualizations in the browser with no C++ required.
 
-This repository provides the infrastructure to bundle the pure JavaScript library for loading VTK.wasm.
+**Full documentation, guides, and API reference:** https://kitware.github.io/vtk-wasm/
 
-The full usage documentation of vtk-wasm can be found at: https://kitware.github.io/vtk-wasm/
+## Usage
 
-### File Structure
+Install the package:
 
-- `dist/` — Bundled output files.
-- `examples/` — Example applications demonstrating vtk-wasm usage.
-- `docs/` — Documentation and guide pages.
-- `src/` — Source code for the library.
-- `README.md` — Project documentation.  
-- `package.json` — Project metadata and build scripts.
-
-### Build Scripts
-
-The following scripts are available in `package.json`:
+```bash
+npm install @kitware/vtk-wasm
+```
 
-- **`npm run docs:dev`** - Starts a local development server for the guide pages with live reloading
-- **`npm run docs:build`** - Builds the guide pages for VTK.wasm
-- **`npm run build`** — Builds the ESM and UMD bundles for both RemoteSession and StandaloneSession.
-- **`npm run build:esm`** — Builds only the ESM bundles.
-- **`npm run build:examples`** — Builds the example applications.
-- **`npm run build:vtk`** — Builds only the UMD bundle for StandaloneSession.
-- **`npm run build:viewer`** - Builds the vtkWASMViewer JavaScript library.
-- **`npm run clean`** — Cleans the `dist/` directory.
-- **`npm run lint`** — Runs code linting on the source files.
+Load the runtime, create a session, and use its `vtk` namespace:
 
-### Bundles
+```js
+import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 
-- **ESM Bundles:** For both RemoteSession and StandaloneSession.
-- **UMD Bundle:** For StandaloneSession, exposed as the `VTK` namespace for use in browser environments.
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
+const vtk = session.vtk;
 
-Refer to the `package.json` for the full list of scripts and configuration details.
+const cone = vtk.vtkConeSource();
+// ... build and render your scene
+```
 
-### ESM imports
+No build step? Load the UMD bundle from a CDN and use the global `vtkWASM`:
 
-```js
-import { RemoteSession } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm/remote"
-import { createVtkObjectProxy, createNamespace } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm/vtk"
-import { ExportViewer, createViewer } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer"
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/@kitware/vtk-wasm/vtk-umd.js"></script>
 ```
 
-### RemoteSession progress
+See the [Loading VTK.wasm guide](https://kitware.github.io/vtk-wasm/guide/js/loading) to get started and the [API reference](https://kitware.github.io/vtk-wasm/api/) for every export.
 
-```js
-import { RemoteSession } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm/remote"
+## Contributing
 
-const session = new RemoteSession()
-const removeProgress = session.addProgressCallback(({ active, state, hash }) => {
-  // state: { current, total }, hash: { current, total }
-  // active is true while states/blobs are being fetched
-})
+Requires [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) (LTS).
 
-// Later, to stop listening:
-removeProgress()
+```bash
+npm install        # install dependencies
+npm run build      # build the ESM + UMD bundles into dist/
+npm run docs:dev   # run the documentation site locally
+npm run lint       # lint the source
 ```
 
-### UMD imports
+### Repository layout
 
-```js
-import "@kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer.css";
-import "@kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer-umd.js";
-
-import "@kitware/vtk-wasm/vtk-umd.js";
-```
+- `src/` — library source.
+- `examples/` — example applications.
+- `docs/` — documentation site (VitePress); the API reference is generated from source JSDoc.
+- `dist/` — build output.

From 4ca47a6209036945fda2515f46414916d6b5f584 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:31:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] feat(js): guard create/destroy on unsupported sessions

The C++ vtkRemoteSession has no create/destroy, so creating or deleting
objects through a remote session's vtk proxy would throw. Gate both on
typeof checks: warn and return undefined/false instead. Document that a
remote session can only control server-owned objects via getVtkObject.
---
 docs/guide/js/remote-session.md | 14 ++++++++++++++
 src/core/proxy.js               | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
index 73c94f7..996d014 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
@@ -46,6 +46,20 @@ To surface download progress (state + blob counts), register a callback with [`a
 
 Once synchronized, inspect objects locally without another round trip via [`getState`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getstate) and [`getStateValue`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getstatevalue), or get a controllable proxy with [`getVtkObject`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getvtkobject).
 
+## Objects are owned by the server
+
+The server owns the scene's object lifecycle, so a remote session **cannot create or destroy objects** from the client. The `remote.vtk` namespace exists only to *control existing* objects: use [`getVtkObject`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#getvtkobject) (or `remote.vtk.getVtkObject(id)`) to obtain a proxy for an object the server already created.
+
+Calling a constructor such as `remote.vtk.vtkActor()` or `proxy.delete()` is a no-op: it logs a warning to the console and returns `undefined` / `false` rather than mutating the scene. To add or remove objects, do it on the server and pull the change in with [`update`](#drive-updates).
+
+```js
+const actor = remote.getVtkObject(actorId); // ✅ control an existing object
+actor.visibility = false;
+
+remote.vtk.vtkActor();                       // ⚠️ warns, returns undefined
+actor.delete();                              // ⚠️ warns, returns false
+```
+
 ## Cleaning up
 
 [`remote.dispose()`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#dispose) frees the C++ session and detaches the interaction listeners from your canvases (the canvas elements are left in place). As with standalone sessions, `using` works too:
diff --git a/src/core/proxy.js b/src/core/proxy.js
index 0c4f404..e0ab328 100644
--- a/src/core/proxy.js
+++ b/src/core/proxy.js
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ export function createVtkObjectProxy(
   // Create methods
   const observerTags = [];
   function deleteObject() {
+    if (typeof wasm.destroy !== "function") {
+      console.warn(
+        "Cannot delete object: this session does not support destroying objects.",
+      );
+      return false;
+    }
     const result = wasm.destroy(vtkId);
     if (result) {
       const removedProxy = idToRef.delete(vtkId);
@@ -187,6 +193,12 @@ export function createInstantiatorProxy(wasm, vtkProxyCache, idToRef) {
   }
 
   function create(name, args) {
+    if (typeof wasm.create !== "function") {
+      console.warn(
+        `Cannot create '${name}': this session does not support creating objects.`,
+      );
+      return undefined;
+    }
     const vtkId = wasm.create(name);
     if (args) {
       wasm.set(vtkId, decorateKwargs(toCxxKeys(args)));

From 7d22494c8c4c15a61f0fd0a546ee3ccf69d78f5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2026 19:01:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] feat(js): register canvas elements directly via
 specialHTMLTargets

RemoteSession can now bind a render window to a canvas element passed
directly, not just by DOM id. When the Emscripten build exposes
specialHTMLTargets, the element is registered there so it needs neither an
id nor to be attached to the document; otherwise a CSS selector built from
the element id is used as a fallback.

- patch the glue source to expose Module.specialHTMLTargets
- pass the module into RemoteSession and track the canvas->target mapping
  (canvasTargets) plus bound render windows (boundRenderWindows)
- bind render windows lazily during update() once their state arrives, and
  clean up specialHTMLTargets entries on unbindCanvas/dispose
---
 docs/guide/js/remote-session.md | 152 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/remoteSession.js            | 162 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 src/runtime.js                  |  27 +++++-
 src/viewer.js                   |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 279 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
index 996d014..26550f2 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
@@ -15,29 +15,167 @@ const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
 
 ## Wire up the network
 
-A remote session does not know how to reach your server. You provide three fetchers through [`bindNetwork`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindnetwork): one to fetch an object's state, one to fetch a blob by hash, and one to fetch the server's status (what changed since last time).
+A remote session does not know how to reach your server. You supply three async fetchers through [`bindNetwork`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindnetwork) — one for state, one for blobs, one for status — and the session calls them whenever it needs data:
 
 ```js
 remote.bindNetwork(fetchState, fetchHash, fetchStatus);
 ```
 
+Each fetcher wraps one server RPC. The trame server side lives in [protocol.py](https://github.com/Kitware/trame-vtklocal/blob/master/src/trame_vtklocal/module/protocol.py); a typical client implementation just forwards the arguments over your transport (e.g. `session.call("vtklocal.get.state", [vtkId])`).
+
+- **`fetchState(vtkId) => Promise<string>`** — given an object id, return that object's serialized **state** as a JSON string (the wire format). Backs `vtklocal.get.state`.
+
+- **`fetchHash(hash) => Promise<Uint8Array>`** — given a content hash, return the corresponding binary **blob**. The transport may hand you a `Blob` or a `TypedArray`, so convert the result to a `Uint8Array` before returning. Backs `vtklocal.get.hash`.
+
+- **`fetchStatus(renderWindowId) => Promise<Status>`** — given a render window id, return a manifest of **what exists and what changed since last time**, so the session knows what to pull on the next [`update`](#drive-updates). Backs `vtklocal.get.status`. The returned object carries:
+  - `ids` — `[id, mtime]` pairs for every object reachable from the render window
+  - `hashes` — content hashes of the blobs those objects reference
+  - `cameras` — ids of the active cameras; `force_push` and `ignore_ids` select which to push to the server or leave alone (e.g. to keep the client's local camera)
+  - `interactor` — the interactor id for the render window
+
+## Hydrate a scene
+
+The example below stands in for a server with a handful of **canned object states**: a render window that owns a renderer whose `Background` is gray. The three fetchers read from that in-memory scene exactly as they would read from the wire, so the session hydrates and renders without any backend.
+
+The state objects mirror what `vtklocal.get.state` returns: each carries an `Id`, a `ClassName`, its `SuperClassNames`, and the properties to apply. References to other objects are `{ "Id": n }`, and `fetchStatus` advertises every object so the session knows what to pull on the first [`update`](#drive-updates). This scene has no binary data, so `fetchHash` is never called.
+
+<Playground display-i-frame>
+    <textarea data-lang="html" style="display:none"><!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <style>
+      html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: hidden; }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%;">
+      <div id="container">
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html></textarea>
+    <pre data-lang="js" style="display:none">import { loadVtkWasm } from "/vtk-wasm/data/esm/index.mjs";
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+  url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.6.20260228/vtk-9.6.20260228-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
+});
+const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
+// The "server": 
+// a render window (1)
+//  -> interactor (2)
+//  -> renderer collection (3)
+//     -> renderer (4) with a gray background
+//        -> a prop collection (5)
+//        -> a vtkTextActor (6)
+//           -> a vtkTextProperty (7)
+const RENDER_WINDOW_ID = 1;
+const SCENE = {
+  1: {
+    ClassName: "vtkRenderWindow",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject", "vtkWindow"],
+    Id: 1, MTime: 10,
+    Interactor: { Id: 2 },
+    NumberOfLayers: 1,
+    Renderers: { Id: 3 },
+    "vtk-object-manager-kept-alive": true,
+  },
+  2: {
+    ClassName: "vtkRenderWindowInteractor",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject"],
+    Id: 2, MTime: 10,
+    RenderWindow: { Id: 1 },
+  },  
+  3: {
+    ClassName: "vtkRendererCollection",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject", "vtkCollection"],
+    Id: 3, MTime: 10,
+    Items: [{ Id: 4 }],
+  },
+  4: {
+    ClassName: "vtkRenderer",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject", "vtkViewport"],
+    Id: 4, MTime: 10,
+    Background: [0.2, 0.2, 0.2], // gray
+    RenderWindow: { Id: 1 },
+    ViewProps: { Id: 5 },
+  },
+  5: {
+    ClassName: "vtkPropCollection",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject", "vtkCollection"],
+    Id: 5, MTime: 10,
+    Items: [{ Id: 6 },],
+  },
+  6: {
+    ClassName: "vtkTextActor",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject",
+        "vtkProp", "vtkActor2D", "vtkTexturedActor2D"],
+    Id: 6, MTime: 10,
+    Input: "Hello VTK.wasm RemoteSession",
+    DisplayPosition: [20, 20],
+    TextProperty: { Id: 7 },
+  },
+  7: {
+    ClassName: "vtkTextProperty",
+    SuperClassNames: ["vtkObjectBase", "vtkObject"],
+    Id: 7, MTime: 10,
+    FontSize: 36,
+  }
+};
+// One object's serialized state, as a JSON string (the wire format).
+async function fetchState(vtkId) {
+  return JSON.stringify(SCENE[vtkId]);
+}
+// A binary blob by hash. This scene has none, so this is never called.
+async function fetchHash(hash) {
+  return new Uint8Array();
+}
+// What exists and what changed since last time.
+async function fetchStatus(vtkId) {
+  return {
+    ids: Object.values(SCENE).map((s) => [s.Id, s.MTime]),
+    hashes: [],
+    cameras: [],
+    force_push: [],
+    ignore_ids: [],
+  };
+}
+remote.bindNetwork(fetchState, fetchHash, fetchStatus);
+// Own the canvas, size it, then pull the scene in and render it.
+const container = document.getElementById("container");
+const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+canvas.tabindex = -1;
+container.appendChild(canvas);
+remote.bindCanvas(RENDER_WINDOW_ID, canvas);
+const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+  // Content box already in device pixels — no devicePixelRatio math needed.
+  const { inlineSize, blockSize } = entries[0].devicePixelContentBoxSize[0];
+  remote.setSize(RENDER_WINDOW_ID, inlineSize, blockSize);
+});
+resizeObserver.observe(container);
+await remote.update(RENDER_WINDOW_ID);
+    </pre>
+</Playground>
+
 ## Bring your own canvas
 
-The session never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements — you own them. Create a `<canvas>` with an `id`, add it to the DOM, then associate it with a render window via [`bindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindcanvas):
+The session never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements — you own them. Create a `<canvas>` and associate it with a render window via [`bindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#bindcanvas), passing either the element itself or the `id` of one already in the DOM:
 
 ```js
-remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, "my-canvas");      // install interaction listeners
-remote.setSize(renderWindowId, 800, 600);            // size the canvas + render window
+const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvas);           // pass the element directly…
+// remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, "my-canvas");   // …or the id of a canvas in the DOM
+remote.setSize(renderWindowId, 800, 600);       // size the canvas + render window
 ```
 
-When the canvas goes away, [`unbindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#unbindcanvas) removes the listeners and forgets the mapping, leaving the element itself untouched.
+Passing the element directly registers it with Emscripten's `specialHTMLTargets`, so the canvas needs neither an `id` nor to be attached to the document — handy for off-screen or framework-managed canvases. (On builds that don't expose `specialHTMLTargets`, the canvas must have an `id` so a CSS selector can be used instead.)
+
+When the canvas goes away, [`unbindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#unbindcanvas) removes the listeners, unregisters the target, and forgets the mapping, leaving the element itself untouched.
 
 ## Drive updates
 
-Call [`update`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#update) to pull the latest server state for a render window and render it. Pass `bindCanvas: true` the first time so the render window is connected to its canvas:
+Call [`update`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#update) to pull the latest server state for a render window and render it.
 
 ```js
-await remote.update(renderWindowId, /* bindCanvas */ true);
+await remote.update(renderWindowId);
 ```
 
 To surface download progress (state + blob counts), register a callback with [`addProgressCallback`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#addprogresscallback); it returns a function that removes the callback.
diff --git a/src/remoteSession.js b/src/remoteSession.js
index a072733..77ff96d 100644
--- a/src/remoteSession.js
+++ b/src/remoteSession.js
@@ -11,15 +11,18 @@ import { addCanvasEventListeners, removeCanvasEventListeners } from "./core/canv
  */
 export class RemoteSession {
   #native = null;
+  #module = null;
   #disposed = false;
   #vtkProxyCache = null;
   #idToRef = null;
 
   /**
    * @param {object} native - the C++ vtkRemoteSession instance.
+   * @param {object} wasmModule - the Emscripten module the session belongs to.
    */
-  constructor(native) {
+  constructor(native, wasmModule) {
     this.#native = native;
+    this.#module = wasmModule;
     //
     this.updateInProgress = 0;
     this.currentMTime = 1;
@@ -34,9 +37,12 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     this.progressCallbacks = new Set();
     this.progressState = null;
     this.renderWindowSizes = {};
+    this.boundRenderWindows = new Set();
 
-    // renderWindowId -> user-provided canvas DOM id
-    this.canvasIds = new Map();
+    // renderWindowId -> { canvas, target } where `canvas` is the user-provided
+    // element and `target` is the string handed to native.bindRenderWindow
+    // (a specialHTMLTargets key when available, otherwise a CSS selector).
+    this.canvasTargets = new Map();
 
     // vtkObject proxy handling (create + getVtkObject + result wrapping)
     this.#vtkProxyCache = new WeakMap();
@@ -224,7 +230,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    *
    * @param {int} vtkId
    */
-  async update(vtkId, bindCanvas = false) {
+  async update(vtkId) {
     this.updateInProgress++;
     if (this.updateInProgress !== 1) {
       // console.error("Skip concurrent update");
@@ -293,18 +299,22 @@ export class RemoteSession {
       // Bump local mtime and process states to reflect server state
       try {
         this.#native.updateObjectsFromStates();
-        if (vtkId in this.renderWindowSizes) {
-          const [w, h] = this.renderWindowSizes[vtkId];
-          this.#native.setSize(vtkId, w, h);
-        }
-
-        if (bindCanvas) {
-          this.#native.bindRenderWindow(vtkId, this.getCanvasSelector(vtkId));
+        const state = this.getVtkObject(vtkId).state;
+        const isRenderWindow =
+          state?.className === "vtkRenderWindow" ||
+          state?.superClassNames?.includes("vtkRenderWindow");
+        if (isRenderWindow) {
+          const rwId = Number(vtkId);
+          if (this.canvasTargets.has(rwId) && !this.boundRenderWindows.has(rwId)) {
+            this.#native.bindRenderWindow(rwId, this.getCanvasTarget(rwId));
+            this.boundRenderWindows.add(rwId);
+          }
+          if (rwId in this.renderWindowSizes) {
+            const [w, h] = this.renderWindowSizes[rwId];
+            this.#native.setSize(rwId, w, h);
+          }
+          await this.#native.render(rwId);
         }
-
-        await this.#native.render(vtkId);
-        // TODO outside:
-        // - freeMemory: to keep memory in check
       } catch (e) {
         console.error("WASM update failed");
         console.log(e);
@@ -370,41 +380,71 @@ export class RemoteSession {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return the CSS selector for the canvas registered to a render window.
+   * Return the native event-target string for the canvas registered to a render
+   * window. This is a `specialHTMLTargets` key when the build exposes that map,
+   * otherwise a CSS selector. Pass it to `native.bindRenderWindow`.
    *
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
-   * @returns {string} the selector string to find the given canvas
+   * @returns {string} the event-target string for the given canvas
    */
-  getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId) {
-    const canvasId = this.canvasIds.get(Number(renderWindowId));
-    if (!canvasId) {
+  getCanvasTarget(renderWindowId) {
+    const entry = this.canvasTargets.get(Number(renderWindowId));
+    if (!entry) {
       throw new Error(
         `No canvas registered for render window ${renderWindowId}. ` +
-          `Call bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvasId) first.`,
+          `Call bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvas) first.`,
       );
     }
-    return `#${canvasId}`;
+    return entry.target;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Associate a render window with a user-provided canvas (by its DOM id) and
-   * install the interaction listeners on it.
+   * Associate a render window with a user-provided canvas and install the
+   * interaction listeners on it.
    *
    * RemoteSession never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements: the caller
-   * owns the canvas lifecycle and must have added it to the DOM beforehand.
+   * owns the canvas lifecycle. The canvas may be passed as the element itself or
+   * as the `id` of an element already in the DOM. When the Emscripten build
+   * exposes `specialHTMLTargets`, the element is registered there directly, so it
+   * needs neither an `id` nor to be attached to the document; otherwise the
+   * element must have an `id` so a CSS selector can be used as a fallback.
    *
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
-   * @param {string} canvasId - the `id` attribute of the user's `<canvas>`.
-   * @returns {string} the canvas selector string
+   * @param {HTMLCanvasElement|string} canvasOrId - the canvas element or its DOM `id`.
+   * @returns {string} the native event-target string (see {@link RemoteSession#getCanvasTarget}).
    */
-  bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvasId) {
-    this.canvasIds.set(Number(renderWindowId), canvasId);
-    const canvasSelector = this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId);
-    const canvas = document.querySelector(canvasSelector);
-    if (canvas) {
-      addCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+  bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvasOrId) {
+    const rwId = Number(renderWindowId);
+    const canvas =
+      typeof canvasOrId === "string"
+        ? document.getElementById(canvasOrId)
+        : canvasOrId;
+    if (!canvas) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `bindCanvas: no canvas found for render window ${renderWindowId}.`,
+      );
     }
-    return canvasSelector;
+
+    let target;
+    const specialHTMLTargets = this.#module?.specialHTMLTargets;
+    if (specialHTMLTargets) {
+      // Register the element directly; the canvas needs no id and need not be
+      // attached to the document.
+      target = `!vtk-canvas-${rwId}`;
+      specialHTMLTargets[target] = canvas;
+    } else if (canvas.id) {
+      // Fallback: resolve via CSS selector at bind time inside Emscripten.
+      target = `#${canvas.id}`;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `bindCanvas: this build does not expose specialHTMLTargets, so the ` +
+          `canvas for render window ${renderWindowId} must have an 'id'.`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.canvasTargets.set(rwId, { canvas, target });
+    addCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+    return target;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -415,15 +455,21 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} renderWindowId
    */
   unbindCanvas(renderWindowId) {
-    const canvasId = this.canvasIds.get(Number(renderWindowId));
-    if (!canvasId) {
+    const rwId = Number(renderWindowId);
+    const entry = this.canvasTargets.get(rwId);
+    if (!entry) {
       return;
     }
-    const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
-    if (canvas) {
-      removeCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+    removeCanvasEventListeners(entry.canvas);
+    if (this.boundRenderWindows.has(rwId)) {
+      this.#native.bindRenderWindow(rwId, "");
+      this.boundRenderWindows.delete(rwId);
+    }
+    const specialHTMLTargets = this.#module?.specialHTMLTargets;
+    if (specialHTMLTargets) {
+      delete specialHTMLTargets[entry.target];
     }
-    this.canvasIds.delete(Number(renderWindowId));
+    this.canvasTargets.delete(rwId);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -433,18 +479,19 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} width
    * @param {int} height
    */
-  async setSize(renderWindowId, width, height) {
-    this.renderWindowSizes[renderWindowId] = [width, height];
-    if (!this.canvasIds.has(Number(renderWindowId))) {
-      return;
+  async setSize(renderWindowId, width, height)  {
+    const rwId = Number(renderWindowId);
+    this.renderWindowSizes[rwId] = [width, height];
+
+    const entry = this.canvasTargets.get(rwId);
+    if (entry?.canvas) {
+      entry.canvas.width = width;
+      entry.canvas.height = height;
     }
-    const canvas = document.querySelector(this.getCanvasSelector(renderWindowId));
-    if (canvas) {
-      canvas.width = width;
-      canvas.height = height;
 
-      this.#native.setSize(renderWindowId, width, height);
-      await this.#native.render(renderWindowId);
+    if (this.boundRenderWindows.has(rwId)) {  // RW exists in C++
+      this.#native.setSize(rwId, width, height);
+      await this.#native.render(rwId);
     }
   }
 
@@ -478,17 +525,22 @@ export class RemoteSession {
     this.#disposed = true;
     this.progressCallbacks.clear();
     this.#idToRef.clear();
-    this.canvasIds.forEach((canvasId) => {
-      const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
-      if (canvas) {
-        removeCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+    const specialHTMLTargets = this.#module?.specialHTMLTargets;
+    this.canvasTargets.forEach(({ canvas, target }) => {
+      removeCanvasEventListeners(canvas);
+      if (specialHTMLTargets) {
+        delete specialHTMLTargets[target];
       }
     });
-    this.canvasIds.clear();
+    this.canvasTargets.clear();
+    // The native session is destroyed below, so no need to unbind render
+    // windows individually; just drop our bookkeeping.
+    this.boundRenderWindows.clear();
     if (typeof this.#native?.delete === "function") {
       this.#native.delete();
     }
     this.#native = null;
+    this.#module = null;
   }
 
   [Symbol.dispose]() {
diff --git a/src/runtime.js b/src/runtime.js
index e7fbc16..cc9862e 100644
--- a/src/runtime.js
+++ b/src/runtime.js
@@ -19,6 +19,29 @@ function cacheKey(url, wasmBaseName, config) {
   return `${url}::${wasmBaseName}::${config.rendering}::${config.exec}`;
 }
 
+// Emscripten keeps `specialHTMLTargets` as a module-private variable, so there
+// is no way to register a canvas element (vs. a CSS selector) from the outside.
+// Alias it onto `Module` at its declaration so the runtime can expose it. The
+// symbol is a non-minified library name, so this string match is stable.
+const SPECIAL_TARGETS_DECL = "var specialHTMLTargets=[";
+const SPECIAL_TARGETS_PATCH = "var specialHTMLTargets=Module.specialHTMLTargets=[";
+
+/**
+ * Patch the Emscripten glue source so `specialHTMLTargets` is reachable as
+ * `Module.specialHTMLTargets`. No-op if the pattern is absent or already
+ * patched (e.g. a build that already exports it).
+ *
+ * @param {ArrayBufferLike} buffer - the glue JavaScript source bytes.
+ * @returns {ArrayBufferLike} the (possibly patched) source bytes.
+ */
+function exposeSpecialHTMLTargets(buffer) {
+  const text = new TextDecoder().decode(buffer);
+  if (text.includes(SPECIAL_TARGETS_PATCH) || !text.includes(SPECIAL_TARGETS_DECL)) {
+    return buffer;
+  }
+  return new TextEncoder().encode(text.replace(SPECIAL_TARGETS_DECL, SPECIAL_TARGETS_PATCH)).buffer;
+}
+
 /**
  * Ensure `window.createVTKWASM` is available, loading the glue script if needed.
  * Returns the wasm binary descriptor when it had to be extracted from a gzip
@@ -35,7 +58,7 @@ async function prepareModuleFactory(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config) {
   if (urlIsGzip) {
     const gzipArrayBuffer = await fetchGzipBundle(url);
     const { js, wasm } = await extractFilesFromGzipBundle(gzipArrayBuffer, config, wasmBaseName);
-    const javaScriptBlobURL = createBlobURL(js.buffer, MIME_TYPES.JAVASCRIPT);
+    const javaScriptBlobURL = createBlobURL(exposeSpecialHTMLTargets(js.buffer), MIME_TYPES.JAVASCRIPT);
     try {
       await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(javaScriptBlobURL);
     } finally {
@@ -156,7 +179,7 @@ export class VtkWasmRuntime {
    */
   createRemoteSession() {
     this.#assertLive();
-    return new RemoteSession(new this.#module.vtkRemoteSession());
+    return new RemoteSession(new this.#module.vtkRemoteSession(), this.#module);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/viewer.js b/src/viewer.js
index 99d3efb..39c6fa1 100644
--- a/src/viewer.js
+++ b/src/viewer.js
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ export class ExportViewer {
     );
     this.container.appendChild(canvas);
 
-    const selector = this.remoting.bindCanvas(rwId, canvas.id);
-    this.remoting.native.bindRenderWindow(rwId, selector);
+    const target = this.remoting.bindCanvas(rwId, canvas);
+    this.remoting.native.bindRenderWindow(rwId, target);
     this.remoting.native.startEventLoop(rwId);
   }
 }

From 33fb47baeda943cde709c4b9f649a444e4873157 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jaswant Panchumarti <jaswant.panchumarti@kitware.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2026 19:01:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] refactor(js)!: suffix promise-returning methods with
 Async

Rename every method and function under src/ that returns a promise so its
name ends in `Async`, leaving synchronous methods (e.g. VtkWasmRuntime.isAsync)
untouched. Docs and examples are updated to match.

BREAKING CHANGE: the following promise-returning APIs were renamed:
- loadVtkWasm        -> loadVtkWasmAsync
- createViewer       -> createViewerAsync
- RemoteSession.update/setSize/fetchState/fetchHash/pushHash gain the
  `Async` suffix (updateAsync, setSizeAsync, fetchStateAsync, fetchHashAsync,
  pushHashAsync)
- ExportViewer.load  -> loadAsync

Callers must update to the new names.
---
 README.md                                     |  4 +--
 docs/guide/js/integration.md                  |  4 +--
 docs/guide/js/loading.md                      | 20 +++++++-------
 docs/guide/js/remote-session.md               | 22 ++++++++--------
 docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md           |  4 +--
 docs/guide/viewer/index.md                    |  2 +-
 .../public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html |  2 +-
 docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html        |  4 +--
 docs/public/demo/viewer-basic.html            |  2 +-
 docs/public/demo/viewer-porsche.html          |  2 +-
 docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter.html      |  2 +-
 docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter2.html     |  2 +-
 examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js            |  6 ++---
 src/core/gzipBundle.js                        |  4 +--
 src/core/scriptLoader.js                      |  6 ++---
 src/index.js                                  |  6 ++---
 src/remoteSession.js                          | 18 ++++++-------
 src/runtime.js                                | 26 +++++++++----------
 src/viewer.js                                 | 10 +++----
 19 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 614d2ad..19d5154 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ npm install @kitware/vtk-wasm
 Load the runtime, create a session, and use its `vtk` namespace:
 
 ```js
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
 const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
 const vtk = session.vtk;
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/integration.md b/docs/guide/js/integration.md
index 93778ad..0a54ce6 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/integration.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/integration.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ There are two ways to get VTK.wasm into a web project:
 - **HTML Script Tag** — load a prebuilt bundle from a CDN, no build step required. Best for quick prototypes, demos, and embedding into existing pages.
 - **Bundler** — install the `@kitware/vtk-wasm` package and `import` it. Best for application development with a tool like Vite.
 
-Either way you end up calling [`loadVtkWasm`](./loading.md); only how it reaches the page differs.
+Either way you end up calling [`loadVtkWasmAsync`](./loading.md); only how it reaches the page differs.
 
 ## HTML Script Tag
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Here we tag the script to autoload WASM directly from the VTK repository's packa
 
 [Full Screen Viewer](../../demo/plain-javascript-annotation-wasm-registry.html){target="_blank"}
 
-The `data-config` attribute on the annotation `<script>` accepts the same settings as the options object passed to `loadVtkWasm(...)` — for example, add `data-config='{"rendering": "webgpu"}'` to switch the rendering backend. See [Loading VTK.wasm](./loading.md) for what each option does, or the [`loadVtkWasm` reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) for the exact option types.
+The `data-config` attribute on the annotation `<script>` accepts the same settings as the options object passed to `loadVtkWasmAsync(...)` — for example, add `data-config='{"rendering": "webgpu"}'` to switch the rendering backend. See [Loading VTK.wasm](./loading.md) for what each option does, or the [`loadVtkWasmAsync` reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasmAsync) for the exact option types.
 
 ## Bundler
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/loading.md b/docs/guide/js/loading.md
index 1410490..f2ea063 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/loading.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/loading.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Loading VTK.wasm
 
-Everything starts with a single call: [`loadVtkWasm(options)`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) returns a [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime) — a loaded WebAssembly module that acts as the factory for sessions.
+Everything starts with a single call: [`loadVtkWasmAsync(options)`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasmAsync) returns a [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime) — a loaded WebAssembly module that acts as the factory for sessions.
 
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ flowchart TD
     BD["Bundler import"]
     AN["Annotation script tag"]
 
-    ST --> LF["loadVtkWasm(options)"]
+    ST --> LF["loadVtkWasmAsync(options)"]
     BD --> LF
     LF --> RT["VtkWasmRuntime — cached per url + config"]
 
@@ -26,23 +26,23 @@ flowchart TD
 ```
 
 ```js
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({
   url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.6.20260228/vtk-9.6.20260228-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
 });
 ```
 
-First you need `loadVtkWasm` on the page. Pick whichever fits your setup (see [Adding VTK.wasm to a Project](./integration.md)):
+First you need `loadVtkWasmAsync` on the page. Pick whichever fits your setup (see [Adding VTK.wasm to a Project](./integration.md)):
 
-- [HTML Script Tag](./integration.md#html-script-tag) — no build step; `loadVtkWasm` lives on the global `vtkWASM` object.
-- [Bundler](./integration.md#bundler) — `import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm"`.
+- [HTML Script Tag](./integration.md#html-script-tag) — no build step; `loadVtkWasmAsync` lives on the global `vtkWASM` object.
+- [Bundler](./integration.md#bundler) — `import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm"`.
 
 For the complete, generated list of exported functions and classes, see the [API Reference](/api/).
 
 ## Choosing options
 
-`loadVtkWasm` takes one options object. The most common choices are conceptual; the full list with types is in the [API reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm).
+`loadVtkWasmAsync` takes one options object. The most common choices are conceptual; the full list with types is in the [API reference](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasmAsync).
 
 - **Where to load from** — `url` points at a directory or a `.tar.gz` bundle. Skip it when the module is already loaded as a script. `wasmBaseName` (default `"vtk"`) and `urlIsGzip` adjust how the bundle is located.
 - **Rendering backend** — `rendering: "webgl"` (default) or `"webgpu"`. WebGPU requires async execution and is switched on automatically.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ For the complete, generated list of exported functions and classes, see the [API
 
 ## Runtimes are cached
 
-Runtimes are cached per `(url, wasmBaseName, rendering, exec)`. Calling `loadVtkWasm` again with the same options returns the existing runtime instead of fetching and instantiating a second copy, so it is safe to call from multiple places.
+Runtimes are cached per `(url, wasmBaseName, rendering, exec)`. Calling `loadVtkWasmAsync` again with the same options returns the existing runtime instead of fetching and instantiating a second copy, so it is safe to call from multiple places.
 
 ## Creating sessions
 
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ Call [`runtime.dispose()`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime#dispose
 
 ---
 
-**Reference:** [`loadVtkWasm`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasm) · [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime)
+**Reference:** [`loadVtkWasmAsync`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/functions/loadVtkWasmAsync) · [`VtkWasmRuntime`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/VtkWasmRuntime)
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
index 26550f2..0945b40 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/remote-session.md
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ Use a remote session when the data is large, generated server-side, or shared ac
 Create one from a [runtime](./loading.md):
 
 ```js
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
 const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
 ```
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Each fetcher wraps one server RPC. The trame server side lives in [protocol.py](
 
 - **`fetchHash(hash) => Promise<Uint8Array>`** — given a content hash, return the corresponding binary **blob**. The transport may hand you a `Blob` or a `TypedArray`, so convert the result to a `Uint8Array` before returning. Backs `vtklocal.get.hash`.
 
-- **`fetchStatus(renderWindowId) => Promise<Status>`** — given a render window id, return a manifest of **what exists and what changed since last time**, so the session knows what to pull on the next [`update`](#drive-updates). Backs `vtklocal.get.status`. The returned object carries:
+- **`fetchStatus(renderWindowId) => Promise<Status>`** — given a render window id, return a manifest of **what exists and what changed since last time**, so the session knows what to pull on the next [`updateAsync`](#drive-updates). Backs `vtklocal.get.status`. The returned object carries:
   - `ids` — `[id, mtime]` pairs for every object reachable from the render window
   - `hashes` — content hashes of the blobs those objects reference
   - `cameras` — ids of the active cameras; `force_push` and `ignore_ids` select which to push to the server or leave alone (e.g. to keep the client's local camera)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Each fetcher wraps one server RPC. The trame server side lives in [protocol.py](
 
 The example below stands in for a server with a handful of **canned object states**: a render window that owns a renderer whose `Background` is gray. The three fetchers read from that in-memory scene exactly as they would read from the wire, so the session hydrates and renders without any backend.
 
-The state objects mirror what `vtklocal.get.state` returns: each carries an `Id`, a `ClassName`, its `SuperClassNames`, and the properties to apply. References to other objects are `{ "Id": n }`, and `fetchStatus` advertises every object so the session knows what to pull on the first [`update`](#drive-updates). This scene has no binary data, so `fetchHash` is never called.
+The state objects mirror what `vtklocal.get.state` returns: each carries an `Id`, a `ClassName`, its `SuperClassNames`, and the properties to apply. References to other objects are `{ "Id": n }`, and `fetchStatus` advertises every object so the session knows what to pull on the first [`updateAsync`](#drive-updates). This scene has no binary data, so `fetchHash` is never called.
 
 <Playground display-i-frame>
     <textarea data-lang="html" style="display:none"><!doctype html>
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ The state objects mirror what `vtklocal.get.state` returns: each carries an `Id`
     </div>
   </body>
 </html></textarea>
-    <pre data-lang="js" style="display:none">import { loadVtkWasm } from "/vtk-wasm/data/esm/index.mjs";
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+    <pre data-lang="js" style="display:none">import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "/vtk-wasm/data/esm/index.mjs";
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({
   url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.6.20260228/vtk-9.6.20260228-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
 });
 const remote = runtime.createRemoteSession();
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ remote.bindCanvas(RENDER_WINDOW_ID, canvas);
 const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
   // Content box already in device pixels — no devicePixelRatio math needed.
   const { inlineSize, blockSize } = entries[0].devicePixelContentBoxSize[0];
-  remote.setSize(RENDER_WINDOW_ID, inlineSize, blockSize);
+  remote.setSizeAsync(RENDER_WINDOW_ID, inlineSize, blockSize);
 });
 resizeObserver.observe(container);
-await remote.update(RENDER_WINDOW_ID);
+await remote.updateAsync(RENDER_WINDOW_ID);
     </pre>
 </Playground>
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ The session never creates, moves, or removes canvas elements — you own them. C
 const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
 remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, canvas);           // pass the element directly…
 // remote.bindCanvas(renderWindowId, "my-canvas");   // …or the id of a canvas in the DOM
-remote.setSize(renderWindowId, 800, 600);       // size the canvas + render window
+remote.setSizeAsync(renderWindowId, 800, 600);       // size the canvas + render window
 ```
 
 Passing the element directly registers it with Emscripten's `specialHTMLTargets`, so the canvas needs neither an `id` nor to be attached to the document — handy for off-screen or framework-managed canvases. (On builds that don't expose `specialHTMLTargets`, the canvas must have an `id` so a CSS selector can be used instead.)
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ When the canvas goes away, [`unbindCanvas`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/Remot
 
 ## Drive updates
 
-Call [`update`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#update) to pull the latest server state for a render window and render it.
+Call [`updateAsync`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#updateasync) to pull the latest server state for a render window and render it.
 
 ```js
-await remote.update(renderWindowId);
+await remote.updateAsync(renderWindowId);
 ```
 
 To surface download progress (state + blob counts), register a callback with [`addProgressCallback`](/api/@kitware/vtk-wasm/classes/RemoteSession#addprogresscallback); it returns a function that removes the callback.
diff --git a/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md b/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md
index 1c505a2..f720a9c 100644
--- a/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md
+++ b/docs/guide/js/standalone-session.md
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ A **standalone session** runs everything in the browser: you create VTK objects,
 Create one from a [runtime](./loading.md):
 
 ```js
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({ url: VTK_WASM_BUNDLE_URL });
 const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
 
 const vtk = session.vtk; // the namespace
diff --git a/docs/guide/viewer/index.md b/docs/guide/viewer/index.md
index ad54342..0f6a6e9 100644
--- a/docs/guide/viewer/index.md
+++ b/docs/guide/viewer/index.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The code snippet available below show you how you can embed a static 3D scene in
 
 <<< ../../public/demo/viewer-basic.html
 
-The `createViewer` method give you the opportunity to fill a DOM element using a selector and the path of the data to load. Additionally, you can provide the path to the WASM library to load unless it is imported as a script. Finally, you can configure your running by setting the rendering backend and execution mode.
+The `createViewerAsync` method give you the opportunity to fill a DOM element using a selector and the path of the data to load. Additionally, you can provide the path to the WASM library to load unless it is imported as a script. Finally, you can configure your running by setting the rendering backend and execution mode.
 
 Below is the result of the code above.
 
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
index 6bf8580..3d0345d 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript-preload.html
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   <body>
     <canvas id="vtk-wasm-window"></canvas>
     <script>
-      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasm().then((runtime) =>
+      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasmAsync().then((runtime) =>
         buildWASMScene(runtime.createStandaloneSession().vtk),
       );
     </script>
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
index cd7a40c..c6d1abe 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/plain-javascript.html
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
   <body>
     <canvas id="vtk-wasm-window" tabindex="-1" onclick="focus()"></canvas>
     <script>
-      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasm({ url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz" })
+      vtkWASM.loadVtkWasmAsync({ url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz" })
       .then((runtime) => {
         const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
-        buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasm()");
+        buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasmAsync()");
       });
     </script>
   </body>
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/viewer-basic.html b/docs/public/demo/viewer-basic.html
index a261787..0aadb90 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/viewer-basic.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/viewer-basic.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
   <body style="margin: 0">
     <div id="viewer"></div>
     <script>
-      vtkWASMViewer.createViewer(
+      vtkWASMViewer.createViewerAsync(
         "#viewer",
         "/vtk-wasm/data/bike-export.wazex",
         "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/viewer-porsche.html b/docs/public/demo/viewer-porsche.html
index 5c4c6c5..05b17a7 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/viewer-porsche.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/viewer-porsche.html
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <div id="viewer"></div>
     <script>
       vtkWASMViewer
-        .createViewer(
+        .createViewerAsync(
           "#viewer",
           "/vtk-wasm/data/porsche.wazex",
           "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter.html b/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter.html
index d0cdf16..7152696 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
   <body style="margin: 0">
     <div id="viewer"></div>
     <script>
-      vtkWASMViewer.createViewer(
+      vtkWASMViewer.createViewerAsync(
         "#viewer",
         "/vtk-wasm/data/star-fighter.wazex",
         "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
diff --git a/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter2.html b/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter2.html
index 3af7089..5a4adae 100644
--- a/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter2.html
+++ b/docs/public/demo/viewer-starfighter2.html
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <div id="viewer"></div>
     <script>
       vtkWASMViewer
-        .createViewer(
+        .createViewerAsync(
           "#viewer",
           "/vtk-wasm/data/star-fighter2.wazex",
           "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
diff --git a/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js b/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
index 4001b17..592befc 100644
--- a/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
+++ b/examples/js/simple-app/src/main.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import "./style.css";
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "@kitware/vtk-wasm";
 import { buildWASMScene } from "./example";
 
-const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({
+const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({
   url: "https://gitlab.kitware.com/api/v4/projects/13/packages/generic/vtk-wasm32-emscripten/9.5.20251215/vtk-9.5.20251215-wasm32-emscripten.tar.gz",
 });
 const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
-buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "#app > canvas", "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasm()");
+buildWASMScene(session.vtk, "#app > canvas", "This scene passes the VTK.wasm bundle from GitLab registry to loadVtkWasmAsync()");
diff --git a/src/core/gzipBundle.js b/src/core/gzipBundle.js
index 0ee7cd9..984faa7 100644
--- a/src/core/gzipBundle.js
+++ b/src/core/gzipBundle.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION, WASM_FILE_EXTENSION } from "./constants.js";
  * @param {string} url 
  * @returns {Promise<ArrayBuffer>} The decompressed tar archive contents from the gzip bundle.
  */
-export async function fetchGzipBundle(url) {
+export async function fetchGzipBundleAsync(url) {
   const response = await fetch(url);
   if (!response.ok) {
     throw new Error(`Could not fetch gzip bundle from ${url} - response status: ${response.status}`);
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export async function fetchGzipBundle(url) {
  * @param {string} wasmBaseName 
  * @returns {Promise<{js: {name: string, buffer: ArrayBufferLike}, wasm: {name: string, buffer: ArrayBufferLike}}>}
  */
-export async function extractFilesFromGzipBundle(contents, config, wasmBaseName) {
+export async function extractFilesFromGzipBundleAsync(contents, config, wasmBaseName) {
   const files = await untar(contents);
   const execModeSuffix = config?.exec === "async" ? "Async" : "";
   const jsFileMatch = `${wasmBaseName}WebAssembly${execModeSuffix}${MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION}`;
diff --git a/src/core/scriptLoader.js b/src/core/scriptLoader.js
index 97e9a09..eb6695a 100644
--- a/src/core/scriptLoader.js
+++ b/src/core/scriptLoader.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const PROMISES = {};
  * @param {string} wasmBaseName 
  * @returns {Promise<void>}
  */
-export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript(wasmBaseName) {
+export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScriptAsync(wasmBaseName) {
   if (window.createVTKWASM) {
     return Promise.resolve();
   }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript(wasmBaseName) {
  * @param {string} url a URL to the wasm module JavaScript file
  * @return {Promise<void>} to know when the script is ready
  */
-export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(url) {
+export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScriptAsync(url) {
   if (PROMISES[url]) {
     return PROMISES[url];
   }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export function loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(url) {
  * @param {object} config Configuration object
  * @returns {Promise<string>} URL of the wasm module JavaScript file
  */
-export async function createScriptURL(wasmBaseURL, wasmBaseName, config) {
+export async function createScriptURLAsync(wasmBaseURL, wasmBaseName, config) {
   const execModeSuffix = config?.exec === "async" ? "Async" : "";
   const filename = `${wasmBaseName}WebAssembly${execModeSuffix}${MODULE_JS_FILE_EXTENSION}`;
   const url = `${wasmBaseURL}/${filename}`;
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index e79a112..51d2b68 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
  * @module @kitware/vtk-wasm
  */
 import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
-import { loadVtkWasm, VtkWasmRuntime } from "./runtime";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync, VtkWasmRuntime } from "./runtime";
 import { StandaloneSession } from "./standaloneSession";
 import { RemoteSession } from "./remoteSession";
 
-export { loadVtkWasm, VtkWasmRuntime, StandaloneSession, RemoteSession };
+export { loadVtkWasmAsync, VtkWasmRuntime, StandaloneSession, RemoteSession };
 
 /**
  * If the script is tagged with id="vtk-wasm", a global "vtk" namespace
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
     const url = script.dataset.url || ".";
     const config = JSON.parse(script.dataset.config || "{}");
     window.vtkReady = promise;
-    loadVtkWasm({ url, ...config })
+    loadVtkWasmAsync({ url, ...config })
       .then((runtime) => {
         const session = runtime.createStandaloneSession();
         window.vtkSession = session;
diff --git a/src/remoteSession.js b/src/remoteSession.js
index 77ff96d..0f613ed 100644
--- a/src/remoteSession.js
+++ b/src/remoteSession.js
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} vtkId
    * @returns fetched state as string
    */
-  async fetchState(vtkId) {
+  async fetchStateAsync(vtkId) {
     const serverState = await this.networkFetchState(vtkId);
     const patchedState = this.patchState(serverState);
     this.incrementProgress("state");
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {str} hash
    * @returns typed array matching blob content
    */
-  async fetchHash(hash) {
+  async fetchHashAsync(hash) {
     let array;
-    // pendingArray only filled via pushHash
+    // pendingArray only filled via pushHashAsync
     if (this.pendingArrays[hash]) {
       await this.pendingArrays[hash];
       this.hashesMTime[hash] = this.currentMTime;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {str} hash
    * @param {TypedArry or Blob} arrayOrBlob
    */
-  pushHash(hash, arrayOrBlob) {
+  pushHashAsync(hash, arrayOrBlob) {
     this.pendingArrays[hash] = new Promise((resolve) => {
       if (arrayOrBlob.arrayBuffer) {
         arrayOrBlob.arrayBuffer().then((buffer) => {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    *
    * @param {int} vtkId
    */
-  async update(vtkId) {
+  async updateAsync(vtkId) {
     this.updateInProgress++;
     if (this.updateInProgress !== 1) {
       // console.error("Skip concurrent update");
@@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ export class RemoteSession {
       };
       this.emitProgress();
       const pendingStates = statesToFetch.map((stateId) =>
-        this.fetchState(stateId),
+        this.fetchStateAsync(stateId),
       );
-      const pendingHashes = hashesToFetch.map((hash) => this.fetchHash(hash));
+      const pendingHashes = hashesToFetch.map((hash) => this.fetchHashAsync(hash));
 
       // Capture cameras
       serverStatus.cameras.forEach((v) => this.cameraIds.add(Number(v)));
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
       this.updateInProgress--;
       if (this.updateInProgress) {
         this.updateInProgress = 0;
-        await this.update(vtkId);
+        await this.updateAsync(vtkId);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ export class RemoteSession {
    * @param {int} width
    * @param {int} height
    */
-  async setSize(renderWindowId, width, height)  {
+  async setSizeAsync(renderWindowId, width, height)  {
     const rwId = Number(renderWindowId);
     this.renderWindowSizes[rwId] = [width, height];
 
diff --git a/src/runtime.js b/src/runtime.js
index cc9862e..98ea09f 100644
--- a/src/runtime.js
+++ b/src/runtime.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import { extractFilesFromGzipBundle, fetchGzipBundle } from "./core/gzipBundle";
+import { extractFilesFromGzipBundleAsync, fetchGzipBundleAsync } from "./core/gzipBundle";
 import { createEmscriptenConfig, normalizeConfig, validateConfig } from "./core/configManager";
 import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, DEFAULT_WASM_BASE_NAME, DEFAULT_WASM_URL_IS_GZIP, MIME_TYPES } from "./core/constants";
-import { createScriptURL, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript } from "./core/scriptLoader";
+import { createScriptURLAsync, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScriptAsync, loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScriptAsync } from "./core/scriptLoader";
 import { createBlobURL, disposeBlobURL } from "./core/blobURL";
 import { StandaloneSession } from "./standaloneSession";
 import { RemoteSession } from "./remoteSession";
@@ -47,36 +47,36 @@ function exposeSpecialHTMLTargets(buffer) {
  * Returns the wasm binary descriptor when it had to be extracted from a gzip
  * bundle (so it can be handed to Emscripten), otherwise null.
  */
-async function prepareModuleFactory(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config) {
+async function prepareModuleFactoryAsync(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config) {
   if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
-    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScript(wasmBaseName);
+    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromExistingScriptAsync(wasmBaseName);
   }
   if (window.createVTKWASM) {
     return null;
   }
 
   if (urlIsGzip) {
-    const gzipArrayBuffer = await fetchGzipBundle(url);
-    const { js, wasm } = await extractFilesFromGzipBundle(gzipArrayBuffer, config, wasmBaseName);
+    const gzipArrayBuffer = await fetchGzipBundleAsync(url);
+    const { js, wasm } = await extractFilesFromGzipBundleAsync(gzipArrayBuffer, config, wasmBaseName);
     const javaScriptBlobURL = createBlobURL(exposeSpecialHTMLTargets(js.buffer), MIME_TYPES.JAVASCRIPT);
     try {
-      await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(javaScriptBlobURL);
+      await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScriptAsync(javaScriptBlobURL);
     } finally {
       disposeBlobURL(javaScriptBlobURL);
     }
     return wasm;
   }
 
-  const scriptURL = await createScriptURL(url, wasmBaseName, config);
+  const scriptURL = await createScriptURLAsync(url, wasmBaseName, config);
   if (scriptURL !== null) {
-    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScript(scriptURL);
+    await loadWebAssemblyModuleFromScriptAsync(scriptURL);
   }
   return null;
 }
 
-async function instantiate(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key) {
+async function instantiateAsync(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key) {
   try {
-    const wasmFile = await prepareModuleFactory(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config);
+    const wasmFile = await prepareModuleFactoryAsync(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config);
     if (!window.createVTKWASM) {
       throw new Error(
         [
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ async function instantiate(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key) {
  * @param {Function} [options.printErr] - std::cerr sink.
  * @returns {Promise<VtkWasmRuntime>}
  */
-export async function loadVtkWasm(options = {}) {
+export async function loadVtkWasmAsync(options = {}) {
   const {
     url = "loaded-module",
     urlIsGzip = DEFAULT_WASM_URL_IS_GZIP,
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export async function loadVtkWasm(options = {}) {
     return RUNTIME_CACHE.get(key);
   }
   if (!RUNTIME_PROMISES.has(key)) {
-    RUNTIME_PROMISES.set(key, instantiate(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key));
+    RUNTIME_PROMISES.set(key, instantiateAsync(url, urlIsGzip, wasmBaseName, config, key));
   }
   return RUNTIME_PROMISES.get(key);
 }
diff --git a/src/viewer.js b/src/viewer.js
index 39c6fa1..e3b6563 100644
--- a/src/viewer.js
+++ b/src/viewer.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  * @module @kitware/vtk-wasm/viewer
  */
 import JSZip from "jszip";
-import { loadVtkWasm } from "./runtime";
+import { loadVtkWasmAsync } from "./runtime";
 import { createFuture } from "./core/future";
 
 export class ExportViewer {
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export class ExportViewer {
     this.container = this.rootContainer.querySelector(".wasm-viewer");
   }
 
-  async load(url) {
+  async loadAsync(url) {
     // Fetch file
     const response = await fetch(url);
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -73,15 +73,15 @@ export class ExportViewer {
   }
 }
 
-export async function createViewer(
+export async function createViewerAsync(
   containerSelector,
   dataURL,
   wasmURL,
   wasmConfig = {},
 ) {
-  const runtime = await loadVtkWasm({ url: wasmURL || "loaded-module", ...wasmConfig });
+  const runtime = await loadVtkWasmAsync({ url: wasmURL || "loaded-module", ...wasmConfig });
   const remoting = runtime.createRemoteSession();
   const viewer = new ExportViewer(containerSelector, remoting);
-  await viewer.load(dataURL);
+  await viewer.loadAsync(dataURL);
   return viewer;
 }