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<html>
<head>
<title>Osage Thesaurus</title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="content-type">
<script>
list = `a, an. wì, wîxce
abalone. hcúke
abandon someone kíhkoopçe, ohkíòðe
abdomen. hcéze, wánòbréooëú
abode. ohcíle
abound. ochí
about (i.e., 'almost', as in 'about asleep'), about to. ðóha
above. màçíhta
above: be ~ others. álììha
above: go, be, or place something ~. ámàçi
above: place ~. màçíhta
above something else. ámàçi
abroad. níimàse
abrupt, abruptly. óhesaëi
absent: be ~. ðìké
absurd. ókaaãeìke
abundance. óçe
abundance: disorderly ~. táatà ochí
abundant: be ~ in quantity. óçe
accept. iinâhi
accompany. ëóle
accomplish a task for someone (especially drumming for someone else's singing in a peyote meeting). áwaçi
ace (in a deck of cards). ohkâcilà
achieve success for someone ðáalì kçíðe
acorn. hposú
acquainted: be ~ with. ípahò
acquainted: get or become ~ with each other. ðótahkiðe
acrid smell. zâzi
across. áðuuhta
act (noun). ókØà
act a certain way. màðî
act like. íkòskahkíðe, ókØà
act unsuitably. ókØà éëi
act with rectitude. óðohtàhkiðe
activate by pushing on. paaãí
active. wahtóke
add a little more to. wéhuuëì
add in cooking. oðóhkihà
add items to cooking. oolâ
address as friends and relatives, address with respect. wahôì
adhere to. ásta
adjacent. páskuha
adjourn. panáa
administer medical care to someone çcéðe
admire. óëo áëi
adulthood, adults. nôò
advance: in ~. hpahâle
advanced age. nôò
affect a person. omâðì
affected: have one's body ~ by peyote. mâhkaëóika
afraid. ðâàce óðisàha, ðâàce ósai
afraid: be ~ (of). nôòhpe, onîëì
afraid: be ~ of. íinòòhpe
afraid: something to be ~ of. nôòhpewaðe
African American. mìhkása, mììása, níhka sápe
after. álììha
after the present event. ákahahta
afternoon. mììðóhta ðiiçtâ
afternoon: late ~. mîìhpapo
afterward. álììha
afterward (after the present event). ákahahta
afterward (following, next). áhkiha
again. aðóoha, çi
again and again. çínà
against: be ~. íëoçi
against: place vertically ~. álà
against all odds. ðààcháëi
ago. haaçíhta
ago: a long time ~. kaahúuëa
agree, agree with. iinâhi
agree with something íiçtà
ahead. kootáha
ahead: go ~. màðî
ahead: go ~ with something ékiò
aid (verb). óhkà
air. htaacé
airplane: ride or fly in an ~. kîì
alcohol: drink ~. waðáahtà
alcoholic beverage. hpéecenii
alert. wahtóke
alight (from). ósi, owísi
alight from (e.g., a vehicle or a horse). wísi
alive: be ~. ní
all. záani
all: that's ~. kaaçénà, kaaçôìke
all day (long). hâàpa záani
all night: stay ~. ëâà
all other things. táatà éëiçki
all over, all paths and directions (e.g., children running off in all directions). háaçki
all right. çkaçkáða
all the time. háachi, çtà
all the world, all the universe. níòhta záani
allotment. (see discussion under mâëà)
allow. (see injunctive markers)
allow someone to do something kçíðe (see also causative markers)
allow to live. níðe
almost. ðóha, hóni
alone, be alone. éwaëì
alone: leave ~ (a sitting person or thing). çôìkçeðe
alone: leave ~! (command). ço ðíe
alone: leave it ~. kaaçôe che
along: leave ~ without bothering, touching, or otherwise disturbing. çôcheðé
along, alongside. páskuha
along a path. ha
along that way. ée htáha
already. ðiiçtâ (see also evidential marker; see also discussion under ska [modal])
Alred: Jo Ann Shunkamolah ~ (personal name: Looking Only at Her). eenâtòìpe
also. éçki, çki, çkítà
always. 'háachi, íkiha, kaaçôe, nà, çòòçôwe, çtà
always did. nàpe
always late. ókxàëi
amen. kaaçénà
among: be ~. oðízà, omâðì
among: be ~ a group of people. omâðì
among: be ~ others. oðízà
among: mixed ~. íwihe
amount: large ~. huuhtâka
amount: small ~. hépeëì
amount: small ~ (approximately half a container). hépe
amount: small ~ (not quite filling a container). ohépe
amusing. wahóhota, wahóta
amusing person. wahóhota
ancestors. môpçe
ancient. kóoci
and. kóe, pátà
and (in addition). çki
and (in numbers only). éci
and then. káakò tà, kaðô, kóe
anew. (see inceptive prefix)angel. áahualìì
angle. paaãó
angry. waëî hpíiëi
angry: be ~. lôò
angry: be ~ at someone ohkíëì
angry: be ~ at someone or at each other. hkíëì
angry: be ~ with. ihkíëì
angry: become or get ~. óëì hpíiëi
angry: feel ~ at. hkíëì
angry: make someone ~. ðúulà, waëî hpíiëi káaãe
animal. wacúhta
animal sounds: make ~ (moo, bark or howl, sing [as a bird], quack, etc.). hóo, hóohtà
ankle. híihkà
announcer. wacípxaì
annoyed: be ~ by. áalake
annually. omâìhka wì hienà
anoint with. stáðe
another one. éëi wì
ant. ëápuçka
anus. ìléha
anxious: be ~ for. íhice
anxious: feel ~ about. óðààceçi
any. tóa
any other thing. táatà éëiçki
anybody. howaðéeçki, pée
anyhow. óðàëi
anyone. pée, wì
anything. howachéeçki, táatà
anything, anything else. táatà éëiçki
anything at all. táatà howachéeçki
anything one doesn't like. kihôòëi
antique. kóoci
anyway. óðàëi
apart: be ~. kíðahapa
apart: pull or tear ~ (e.g., a tree limb from the trunk). ðupáxa
apart from anyone else. ohkâci
appear. hcîì, íðòpe, wahcîì
appear a certain way: make one ~. tôpewaðe
appear so. tôpewaðe
appear suddenly. wahcîì
Appear Suddenly to Them (personal name). wakáahcìe
appendix (the internal organ). çúpe
appetite: have no ~. wanôbraëi
apple. hkâàce
apply (a substance such as ointment, grease, or cream). stáðe
apply makeup. ìcé káaãe
apportion. íhkilai
appreciative. óweena
appreciative: be ~ (of). wéenà
approach. màðî
appropriate. ðààché, ékò
appropriate: be ~. íhta
appropriately. ékò
approve of. iinâhi
apricot. hkâàce zi ëî
April. mîìòpa çápe, mîìòpa wetóopa
Arapaho (tribe or tribal member). aîpaxo
arbor. áhcihtà, waëáihci
arbor house: long ~. haaskáhci
arch of the foot. óski, síioski
area: cleared off ~. oçtá
argue on behalf of (e.g., as an attorney). áhkie
argument. óie, taaké ie
arise (from a bed or chair). hpaahâ
arm. áa
armband. áahkò, áapiolà
armed forces. áhkita, áhkita omâðì, taaké omâðì, taaké onâàëì
armed forces: be in the ~. taaké omâðì, taaké onâàëì
armed person. áhkita
army. áhkita, áhkita omâðì
around. okáwìãe (see also discussion under ke)
around: be ~ close. ákiãe
around: go ~. kôkòe
around: go, pass, or walk ~. ákiãe, ápçe
around: go ~ something íðiçàha
around: move or be all ~. ákiãe
around: turn oneself ~. ámàhta hkilíikoìãe, hkilíisà
around: turn someone/something ~. ðiihkóìãe
around: twist ~ (e.g., a crepe paper streamer). ðusâsàwì
around (as in drive around, turn around, etc.). wìãe
around (e.g., a house, tree, teepee, drum). ápetxa
around the edge (e.g., of a pond). ákiãe
around this way. ðeekáiha
Aroused by Something That Suddenly Appears (personal name, referring to a deer suddenly looking up). wakáahcìe
arrange. ðuustáko
array (verb) (multiple items) on top of something else. áëu
arrest (put someone in jail). hâànahpazé oolâ
arrive back here. alí
arrive back there. akçí
arrive here. achí
arrive here with (motion accomplished). aðîachi
arrive home. akçí
arrive home here (motion accomplished). alí
arrive there (motion accomplished). ahí
arrow. mâà
arrow shaft. môòse
arrow shaft tree. môòsa hu
artery (blood vessel). hkâ, luçúpe
arthritis. wahúni
artichoke. hpôãe
as. (see because)
as. çô
as . . . as. ékò
as soon as. áha
as well. çki
ashamed, feel ashamed. iiçcéwai
ashes. níixoce
ashtray. niixócooëu
ask a favor. waatá, waçí
ask a question. íðòãe
ask concerning one's own people or things. ilôãe
ask folks to work for one. áwawaçi
ask for. tá
ask for (as a loan), ask for something to use it. ootá
ask permission. íihò
ask someone questions. ðuupxáðe
ask someone to do something ée, íihò
ask someone to help out. waçí
aspirin or any other kind of medicine. màhká
ass, asshole. ìléha
ass (donkey). nààhtâhtàà
assassinate. cØéðe
assemble (as for a council). kiistó
assign a name to something or someone ðaacé
assist. óhkà
assistant chief. kahíke ókØà, kahíke otxâ
at. ci, ki
at (something lying or spread out). kçi
at a time (e.g., a bit at a time, two at a time). nàðé
at least. naçò
at rest. çkaçkáða
at that place or time: be ~. ecí
at this time. ðetxâci
attend. onâàëì
attend to. óðààceçi
attention: act of paying ~. nààãúce
attorney. wáhkie
attractive. ðáalì
augment. htâà
August. hlaazípe, mîìòpa hkíetoopa
authoritative, authority. wahtôka
authority: one with ~. totâha, wahtôka
automobile. éwaëì nâàke
automobile tire or wheel. hcéðe
autumn, in the autumn. htààtâ
avoid something íðiçàha
awaken (intransitive). iihkíðe, xi
awaken (transitive) by foot. nààxí
away: a short distance ~. áçka
away: give ~. níðe, wakØú
away: give ~ by pressing or pushing away (e.g., the ilôòçka drum). kaaðéeçpa
away: give things ~. waníðe
away: give ~ to each other. ohkíkØu
away: give ~ to one's own people. kíkØu
away: giving ~. ókØu
away: go ~. màðî, okábra
away: pass or give ~ (e.g., the drum at ilôòçka dances). kaaðée
away: take ~. aðîaðee, aðîmàðì, ðicíze
away: take ~ from someone something of his/her own. kilúuze
away: take ~ one's own. lúuze
away: throw ~. ôòðe
awful. hpíiëi
awhile. katxâ
axe. mâàhìska(?), mâàhìspe
baby. hpáaëì
baby: have a ~. wéetaðe
baby: place or put a ~ on the baby board or inside. hpáaëì okØôhe
baby boy. çîtoëì
baby girl. çîmìëì
baby board. oðópçe'
baby board: place a baby on the ~. hpáaëì okØôhe
babyhood. hpáaëì
babysit, babysitting. ëìkókaçà
back. xáða
back: attached to the ~. oðáha
back: arrive, come, or get ~. akçí, akú, alée, alí
back: bring or take ~. aðîakçi, aðîaku, aðîalee, aðîali
back: give ~. kíkØu
back: go ~. màlî
back: in the ~ of. haaçí
back: some days ~. hòpái haçíhta
back (in return, again). ki-
back (of the body). nâhka
back and forth: pass or go ~. ihkílaçà
back and forth movement: make a ~ (as when riding a teeter-totter). sísiàðe
backward. xáða
bacon. waçî
Baconrind (personal name). waçîhaa
bad. hôòëi, hpíiëi, óhesaëi
bad: make something ~. ðuhpíiëi
bad deeds (such as bad talk or theft). ókØà éëi
bad disposition: having a ~. ókØà hpíiëi
bad dream. ohpáza
bad manners: having ~. ókØà hpíiëi
bad medicine. màhká hpíiëi
bad reputation: of ~. nòhò
bad shaftof an arrow. mâàhpiiëi
bad shape: be in ~. íhpiiëi
bad temper. waðílà hpíiëi
bad things. ízizike, táatà hôòëì
bad things about someone: say ~. hkiláaëoëi
bad weather. mâàhpiiëi
bad words. íe hpíiëi
bad words: say ~. lôò
badger. xóoka
badly. óhesaëi
bag. óoëuhaa
bag: tobacco ~. nànúhuooëúhaa, nànìôkuëu
bait someone to say or do something oëíëie
bake in an oven. mâzeôohò oohô
bald. stá, çtáha
bald: make ~. ðuuçtá, ðuuçtáçtai
bald head. hpeeçtá, wéeliçta
bald headed. wéeliçta
ball (used in a game). htaapé
baloney. tôòpçe
banana. htóëàke
bank. mâzeskahci
banner. haawálele
banty (bantam) chicken. súhka saaki
bar. hpéecenii ðaahtâ hci, hpéeceniihci
barbecue (refers only to cooking meat on a rack). óhkace
barbecue meat: the black part of ~. táasaaki
barbecue rack. oáëu, wáëu
bare: make ~. ðuuçtá
bare ground. oçtá
barely. tó
barely touch. ðiihcé
bark (as a dog does). hóo, hóohtà, óhoo
bark of a tree. hîìce, xúhaa
bark of a tree: inner ~. ëààxúha
bark of a tree: outer ~. ëâà háa
barren. wéetaðaëi
Bartlesville (Oklahoma). hkáwaëì htâwà
base (adjective). iiséwaðe
basement. mâìhkaçi
bashful. wíeëi
basta! kaaçôka
bat (flying mammal). ëâàhpaãe
bath house. ohíiðahci
bathe, take a bath. hiiðá
bathe: place to ~. ohíiða
bathroom. oëéhci
bathtub . ohíiða
baubles: bits and ~. oçpéëì
bawl out. kaazâ, toníðe
be. ðî (note that there are many constructions in which forms of English 'be' occur but where Osage ðî is inappropriate; see also continuative aspect markers)
be alive, be in good health. ní
be characterized by. ðî (see also continuative aspect markers)
be here. ðeeká
be here or there. ecí, ecíke
be in, among, or throughout an area or a group of people. omâðì
be so. ékò
be there. ahí
be there, be at that place, be at that time. ecí
beads. hîìska, tóoce ðiláace (?), wapúçka
beads: prayer ~. wíkie hîìska
beadwork (noun). hîìska káaãe
beadwork: do ~. hîìska káaãe
bean vine. hòbrî hi
beans. hòbrîke
beans: green ~. hòbrîke, hôbrìke htóho ëì
bear (especially black bear). wasápe
bear cub. wasápeëì
beard. hîì, îhì
beat (conquer). ohí
beat (e.g., a drum). kaaçtá
beat of a drum, beating sound. hcíce
beat someone in a race. káaxa
beat things (such as a drum). óchì
beat up. ochî
beautiful. ðáalì, ohtáza
beaver. ëààhpáto, ëápe
because. tà
become (suddenly?). ahí
become a person. ínihkaçie
become angry or mad. óëì hpíiëi
become embarrassed. iizíke
become extinguished. táaëi
become soft or sodden. çpôò
bed. áëà, óëà
bed: go to ~. ëâà
bed: have someone in ~, put someone to ~. áðiëà
bedclothes, bedding. omíëe
beef: head of ~. hcéeska
beer. hkáwaceëenii, níi ápuãe [archaic]
beet. tóole ëúe
beetle. walúçka háa çooká
before (adverb). haaçíhta
before (ppn). ëiçô (see also discussion under ska [modal])
beggar. waatáçta
begin. hínààëì
begin to. ahí
beginning: from the ~. hpahâle
behave. óðohtà
behave oneself. óðohtàhkiðe
behavior: good ~. óðohtà, óðohtàhkiðe
behavior: in regard to ~. taa-
behind. haaçí
behind: be ~. oðáha
behind: leave ~. ôòðe
behind someone's back: ~. nàlôòha
belch. íkØo, wawékØo
believe. aëî, éðe
believe regarding someone aëî
belittle. ðaaëóëi
belittle someone hkiláaëoëi
bell íikaahtamà
bell: ring like a ~. kaahtáama
bell: ring the ~. ðuuhkáamà
bells (such as the ones dancers tie around their legs). mâzeçtahiëì
belly. hcéze
belong to (a group). oðízà
belong to him. íhta (see also pronominal prefixes; suus prefix)
belong to someone íhta
belong to them. íhta, íhtaapi
beloved. óxta
beloved: someone or something ~ (such as a favorite child). óðoxta
below. oðúluha
belt. íhpià
belt: men's dance ~. íiçupe
belt: woman's yarn ~. hceehîì
belt (worn by men outside a blanket). íiçupe
belt (worn by men with dance clothes or outside a blanket). íhpià
beneath. oðúluha
bend: make ~ (e.g., a tree branch using the hands). ðiizó
bend down. paacØî
bend one's body part (e.g., leg or arm). ðuuçô
bend one's own (body part or possession), bend oneself. líizoke
bend over. kaapáacØì
bent over (as a person, a tree, or a hooked staff). cØìça
bent over (referring to a human body). cØîxa
berry (inedible). pazó
beside. páskuha
beside each other. hkiðé
best: be the ~ (above all others in a certain aspect). ochí
best: do one's ~. íkØuce, waaçkâ
best everyone in a game. óhi
best someone in a game. ohí
bet (noun). óëokØa
bet: make a ~. óëokØa káaãe
better: get ~ (in regard to illness). kiní, kitâhe, kítàhe
between. ohtânà
bewitch or "witch" someone kilôëe
beyond. kootá, kootáha
beyond a certain point. kootáha
beyond another thing. áhkiha
Bible. waléze sápe
bicycle. hcéðe álìì, hcelî álìì
bid (noun). oðáake
big. htâà, htâka, lâàðe
big goose or big duck. míãa htâka
big mouth. íhcuke
bill (paper money). htanâkØa, htanâkØa mâzeska
billfold. mâzeskaooëú
bind (verb). paaxcé
bind (as a blanket). paçôwe
bird. waëîka
bird: game ~. míãa
birth. wéetaðe
birth: give ~ (to). iitáðe
birthday: have a ~. iitáðape ékitxà
birthing: be ~. waníe
biscuit. wacúe ðutáahpa
bit: a ~ (of). hépe, huuëì
bit: a ~ (slightly). ékò
bit (fragment). kaçpé, oçpéëì
bit of a whole coin (twelve and a half cents). kaçpé
bitch (female dog). çòmîìka
bite (verb). ðaaxtáke
bite folks, bite people. waðáaxtake
bite into small pieces. ðaaxôke
bite oneself. hkilaaxô
bits and baubles. oçpéëì
bitter. hpá
blabbermouth. táatàëî çki oðáake
black. sápe
black dog. çòhtâà sa
Black Dog (personal name). çôke sa
black person (African American). mìhkása, mììása, níhka sápe
black person: little ~. sáeëì
black walnut. htákue
blackberry. waskúe sápe
blackhawk. letôsape
bladder. céëeniiooëú
blanket. haxî, mî, omíëe
blanket: man's ~. óhkihpaache
blanket: saddle ~. wákaçtò
blanket: woman's ~. mîwaapaache
blanket folded to cushion a seat. wákaçtò
blanket wrapped around like a skirt. wáakipetxà
blazing star (Liatris punctata). màhká saakí
bleed. wapî
blend. oðóhkiðe
bless. ðakØéðe, ðuðáalì
bless: use to ~. íiçtope
bless: use to ~ oneself. íistahkiðe
bless or give a blessing with the hand. ðistópe
bless with. íista, íiçtope
blind: be ~. ììçtá wawéeðeëi
blind (covering, e.g., for a window). akáaspe
blink (verb). ðupØîze
blink at each other. iiçtáðe ahkíliitoëe
blink repeatedly. ðupØîpØìze
blink the eyes (at). iiçtáðe ðiitóëe
block someone's way. oðóçimàðì
blood. wapî
blood vessel (vein or artery). hkâ, luçúpe
bloom (verb). opáaãa, paaãáceblossom (verb). paaãáce
blossom on a tree. ëâàlaa
blow (transitive). ðaaëóce
blow (as one's nose). píãà
blow inside, into, or on (e.g., a fire in a fireplace). opíãà
blow on. ðaaëóce
blow on something píãà
blow with force (as in blowing one's nose). kaaëí
blowing: by ~ (as on a fire to get it started). pi-
blue. htóho
blustery. htaacé hpíiëi board: baby ~. oðópçe
boat. páce
boating. pacíolìì
bobcat. ìëîakika, lîxa
body (human). ëúoka
body odor. ëâxta
boil (noun). ðéskali
boil (as food boils when cooking). ápuãe
boil dry, boiled dry. táapuze
boil over. táapuãe
bois d'arc. mîceçtá hu
bone. wahú
book. waléze
boot. hòòpésce
born. iitáðe
borrow. ootá
boss (n, v). oðówaðe, wakáaãe
boss: be a ~. oðóðe
boss: be ~ of (e.g., an event). oðówaðe
boss an event. oðóðe, óohkihà
both of them. ðòòpá, éeðòòpa
both of us. éeðòòpa
bothered: be ~ by áalake
bottle. ooëú, óoëu
bottle: pop ~. niikáapxokeooëú
bottom (buttocks). ìléha
bounce up (as in a car or wagon). kaamâçàçie
bouncy (as in a rough ride). kaamâçàçiebow (noun). mîce
bowel movement: have a ~. ëé
bowl (noun). hîìce, htáanieooëú, ooëú
bowstring. mîcehkà
box (noun). ëâàhkoke
boy. çîtoëì
bracelet. áahkòle
braid (noun). hpáxììsà
braids. héðòòpa
brain. waðílà
branch: tree ~. ëâà káxa
branch (of a tree or a stream). káxa, káxa ëì
branch of a tree: broken ~. ëâàkaaxô
branches: small ~. ëâàxeëì, ëâàëì
brand (verb). páëahta
branded (with a notch or cut, etc.). ëáhta
brave. waçóçe
bread: light or leavened ~ (wheat bread, as opposed to cornbread). watáahà
bread (or 'piece of bread'; any kind of bread: cornbread, wheat bread, etc.). wacúe
break. kaaléke, xô
break a long object by pushing paaxô
break by biting. ðaaxô
break by foot, break with the foot. nààxô
break by hand. ðiixô
break by mouth. ðaaxô
break by striking (a long object such as a stick). kaaxô
break down. pixô
break into pieces by mouth. ðaaxôke
break into two parts. ðiixô
break off (a long object such as a stick). kaaxô
break off a long item by using the hands (e.g., a limb, sofa, car antenna). ðiixô
break off by pushing (e.g., a limb). paaxô
break off someone's (e.g., body part). kíðiixò
break one's own (e.g., a body part). kiixô, líixò
break one's own by mouth. láaxò
break one's own by shattering. kíleke
break someone's (e.g., a body part). kíðiixò
break something of one's own by mouth. láaxò
break up (e.g., a meeting). panáa
break with the hands (e.g., a dish, an egg, a light bulb, a window). ðuuléke
break wind. ðiipíãà
break wind (with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly). ðiëíce
break wind noisily. ðibrîãa
breakfast. kaasîexci wanôbre
breakfast food. kaasîexci ónòbre
breast. paazé
breath: run out of ~ from. íkaske
breath: short of ~. hehé
breathe. ónie
breathe hard. heháha
breathless: become ~ from. íkaske
breechcloth. xíðaxa
breechloading shotgun. wahóohtà opáaxò
breeze. htaacé
briars. waxáka
bridesmaid: have as a ~. íðuãe
bridge (noun). ëâàkaaxô
bright. skáha
bright colors. hîì
bring. akú
bring back here (motion underway). aðîaku
bring back here, bring back home (motion accomplished). aðîali
bring back something that belongs to oneself. aláðìku
bring back there (motion accomplished). aðîakçi
bring here (motion accomplished). aðîachi
bring here (motion underway). aðîahu
bring home (motion accomplished). aðîakçi
bring the parts of a whole together with pressure, bring components into contact. ðiiskíke
bring there (motion accomplished). aðîahi
bring up (rear or raise). nôòðe
Bristow: Robin ~ (personal name). waëáëemîìhcexì
broad. bráaða, lâàðe
broadcloth. haaçtáha
broke (without money [a loan translation]). xô
broken. xô
broken: be ~. kaaléke, kaaxô (when used with continuative aspect marker akxa or apa), xô
broken heart. ðâàce ðuusáaki, ðâàce xô
brooch. wápaãa
broom. wékaacuxe
broth. htaaníi
brother (specifically, older brother of a female). wihcîto 'my older brother' (speaker is female), ðihcîto 'your older brother' (addressee is female), ihcîto 'her older brother'
brother (specifically, older brother of a male). wiëîðe 'my older brother' (speaker is male), ðiëîðe 'your older brother' (addressee is male), iëîðe 'his older brother'
brother (specifically, younger brother of a female). wisôeëì 'my younger brother' (speaker is female), ðisôeëì 'your younger brother' (addressee is female), isôeëì 'her younger brother'
brother (specifically, younger brother of a male). wisôka 'my younger brother' (speaker is male), ðisôka 'your younger brother' (addressee is male), isôka 'his younger brother'
brother: baby ~ (of a female). kxáhpà
brother-in-law (specifically, brother-in-law of a male). wihtâha or htâha 'my brother-in-law' (speaker is male), ðihtâha 'your brother-in-law' (addressee is male), ihtâha 'his brother-in-law'
brother-in-law (specifically, brother-in-law of a female). wiçíkØe 'my brother-in-law' (speaker is female), ðiçíkØe 'your brother-in-law' (addressee is female), içíkØe 'her brother-in-law'
brow. hpée
brow: smooth ~. hpeeçtá
brown (adjective). zíhi, zízi, ëíhi
brown: light ~ (like the color of elk hide). ópxà hîì ekô
brown (become brown by application of heat). taazíhi
brown (i.e., to brown food). taazíhiðe
browned. taazíhi
brownie (elf). míalòçka
brush (verb). kaaãú
brush: wire ~. wákaapçe
brush (for the hair). wékaapçe
brush arbor. áhcihtà, waëáihci
brush s.o's hair. kípçe
brush the mane or coat of an animal. kípçe, wákaapçe
buck. htáa, htáa htâka
bucket. céãe
buckeye tea. htáçka hí
buckskin. htaaháa
buckskin dress. haaská
bud on a tree. ëâàlaa
buddy. hcoçpá
buffalo. ðóxe, hcée
buffalo: small ~. hceeëî
buffalo: young or small male ~. hceetóeëìká
buffalo calf: unborn ~. hceeëî
Buffalo Chief (personal name). ðóxe kahíke
Buffalo Clan. ðóxe
buffalo horn(s). hcehé
bug. walúçka
bug with thick outer layer or exoskeleton. walúçka háa çooká
build. káaãe
build a fireplace or fire. océðe
build for oneself. hkihkáaãe
bulge. hpá
bulk, in bulk. bróka
bull. hceeskátóoka
bun (woman's hairdo). hpáxì ðuutáahpa
bunch: a whole ~ of. huuhtâka, huuwáli
bundle: gather and tie in a ~. paaxcé
burden: be a ~ to someone ówò káaãe
burdened: be ~ (e.g., with excessive woe). íibràxcì
burgundy (color). ëúuce sápe
burial ground. óxe mâëà
burial place. óxe
burial stick (red stick put into a coffin at the head or foot, made of special wood). hkâàce ëàà
burn (verb). osái, táaðìke káaãe, táalì
burn cigarettes (as in a peyote meeting). osái
burn down, burn up. táaðìke káaãe
burned. táalì
burned meat. táasaaki
burning. íwili
burp. íkØo, wawékØo
burro. nààhtâhtàà
burry. waxáka
burst. kaapxóhke
bushy head. héxpa
business: run a ~. oðówaðe
busy. ówò
busybody (refers to someone who is into everything). ókØàçtà
but. àëi, kóe, nà [interj]
butcher (noun). wapásebutcher (verb). hpáce, wahpáce
butt in. (see discussion under ópaaçike)
butter. paazénii wéli
butterfly. kîìkììeëì
buttocks. ìléha, ôpe
button. wahúëìka
button up. oðíinà
button-snake-root (Liatris punctata): dotted ~. màhká saakí
buy. ðuwî
buy for one's own (people, family). lúwì
buy for oneself. hkíluwì
buy for someone áðuwì, kíðuwì
buy from someone (something that belongs to that person). kíðuwì
buy something of one's own (buy back). lúwì
buy stuff with something wéðuwì
buy things. waðúwì
buy with. íðuwì
buzzard. héka
by: pass ~. ákiãe, ípçe
by car. éwaëì nâàke, oðíhtà olîì
by extreme of temperature. táa-
by foot: go ~. màðî
by hand. ðu-by heat or cold. táa-
by means of. í-
by mouth. ðaa-
by oneself. éwaëì, ohkâci
by striking. kaa-
by way of. ha
cabbage. wéelihtàà
cable. mâze
cache. nàlôòhkile
Caddo (tribe or tribal member). hììçá
cafe. owánòbrehcí
cake (e.g., birthday cake). wacúe skúðe
calf: unborn ~. hceeëî
call: phone ~ (noun). mâzeie
call by name (verb). ðaacé
call by phone. mâzeie híðe, ohkíe
call by phone: have someone ~. mâzeohkíhkie hükçíe
call each other names. hkílò(lò)
call folks names. walôò
call for folks (verb). wapâ
call loudly. hóosaaki
call names. lôòlòò
call on someone's name. ðaacé
call one's own, call one's own by name. láace
call one's relative(s). kíhpà
call someone a bad name. lôò
call to ask or summon someone to attend or appear before others. kípà
calling songs. wapâ waaðô
calm (verb). ðuuçtáka
calm, calmly. çkaçkáða
calm (a person's ways or the weather). çtáke
camp (verb). ahcí, hcí
can or other container for soda pop. niikáapxokeooëú
Canadian person. ììçtáxì
candy. ëààníeëì
cane. íisa
cannot. ðààcháëi, ðuucØáke
cannot understand. kíopxaëi
cantaloupe. ììçtáxì sáhku
cape. ákahamì
car. oðíhtà
car, by car. éwaëì nâàke
car door. oðíhtà hciëé
card: greeting or gift ~. íe ðáalì ëì
card: lead or play a ~ (in a card game). ðée káaãe
card game. htanâkØa kØô
cardinal (bird). waëîëue
cards. htanâkØa kØô
cards: play ~. htanâkØa kØô
cards: playing ~ (noun). htanâkØa, htanâkØa ðiihíce
care: have a ~ with regard to something or someone íinòòhpe
care: take ~ of. átòpe, ðakØéðe, okáçà, okáçe, wanáçe
care: take ~ of a meal oneself when asked to do so. óohkihà
care: take ~ of a task or an event. oðówaðe
care: take ~ of oneself. óhkihkaçe
care for kids (babysit). ëìkókaçà
care for oneself. ohkíeëà
care for the sick. húheka okáçà
careful: be ~ with. íinòòhpe
careful: not ~. íinòòhpaëi
caress. íiçcìka
caress one's own. íikiçcìka
carousel. kôkòe
carpet. omíëe
carrot. tóoleëi
carry. aðîaðee, î, kØî, kØîahi
carry on in a certain way. ahkílaðì
carry on the back. kØî
carry one's items, carry along one's items. aláðì
carry one's own. aláðì
carry oneself. ahkílaðì
carry piggyback. ðuçkápa
Carrying-and-Wailing (personal name). wáìãaaké
carrying the charcoal (mourning dance). waçápe aðî
cash payment. wahkílae wakáçupe
cast a spell on someone kilôëe
castor oil. wéli màhkâ
cat. ilôeëi
catch. oðîìke
catch on something íhkowa
categorize. hpahíke
caterpillar. wáxta
catfish. htóze
Catholic (n, adj). çòmîhka
cattle: head of ~. hcéeska
caught on something: get ~. íhkowa
causative markers. ðe, hkiðe, káaãe, kíðe, kçíðe, kçíãe
cause oneself ill or harm. hkilúhpiiëi
cause oneself to be or do. hkíðe
cause something to be a certain way. káaãe (see also causative markers; instrumental prefixes)
cause to be for someone íkikaaãe
cause to be or get lost. oxpáðe káaãe, oxpáðeðe
cause to fly out in pieces or splinter. paasíke
cause to go. ðéeðe
cause to smell, as in making cedar smoke for a cleansing or a blessing. oðíbrà
cedar. xôòce
cedar tea. xòòcénii
cease (transitive). kaaçtâ, kaakônà káaãe
cellar. mâìhkaçi
cemetery. óxe mâëà
censure (verb). kaazâ
cent. waðáawaëì
center. ohkâska
center: at the or in the ~. màché,ohkâska
center: toward the ~. màchéhtaha
cents: five. waðáawa sáhtà
cereal. kaasîexci ónòbre
ceremonial dances of the Osages. ilôòçka
certain way: live or be a ~. ðî, màðî
certainty of a future event. ðée hta ché
chair. áalìì, álìì
chaise longue. álììscee
challenging. wahcéxi
change (transitive). ðúeëi
change: make or make a ~. íhkihkawì káaãe
change (as the weather). çkâ
change (money, coins). íhkihkawì, oçpéëì, waðáawaëì
change one's mind. waðílà kikáaãe
change one's ways. hkilíisà
change (intransitive). íhkihkawì káaãe
changeable. éëixci
characteristics: personal ~. ókØà
charcoal accompanying them (ceremonial title). waçápe aðî waëówale
charge: be in ~ of. oðóðe
charge: in ~. oðówaðe, óohkihà
charge: take ~ of. ókaçà
charred meat. táasaaki
chart of land. màëâwaleze
chase (verb). ðuxí, olé
chase away. olé
chastise. kaazâ
chauffeur. waðíhtà wakáaëi, wakáaëi
cheap. ómàhka
check a horse's forward movement. oðíità
cheerful. ókØà ðaalì
cheese. paazénii saakí, paazénii wéli saakí
cherish each other. óxtahkiðe
cherish one's own. kíoxta
cherished. óxta
Cherokee (tribe or tribal member). çaáke, çálaki
chest (box). ëâàhkoke
chest (of the body). mâàke
chew. ðaaçkíke
chew, chew into pieces. ðaaxôke
chewing gum. mîìhtòeli
Cheyenne (tribe or tribal members). htáaceomâi
chicken. súhka
chicken: banty (bantam) ~. súhka saaki
chicken: prairie ~. mônòì
chief. kahíke
chief: be ~ (over a people). kíhike
chief-to-chief (succession of hereditary chiefs within a family). opxâpxâ
child, children. ëìká, ëìkáëì
childbirth. wéetaðe
childcare. ëìkókaçà
childhood. ëìkáëì
childless. wéetaðaëi
children: take care of ~. ëìkókaçà
children in their teens. hcéka nôò
chin. ðéepa
chip (noun). oçpéëì
choke from. íkaske
choke with the hands. tóoce oðîìke
choker (necklace). wanôpØì
choose. ðuuzé, hkíhpaahi
choose people (or things?). wapáahi
chop (verb). ðilôëe
chop by striking with. íkaase
chop down, chop up (e.g., with an axe or knife). kaasé
chop with a blade (e.g., wood for a fire). kaasé
chore. ówò
chorus (female). oðáazo
Christmas. wahkôta iëîke íikitaðe, xòòcéhu káaãe hôòpa
chubby. lâàðehtà
church. waatáihci, wahkôtahci, wíkiehci
church: little ~. wíkihciëì
church bell. íikaahtamà
church house: Native American ~. hcipóãa
cigarette. nànîòpaëì
cigarette: roll a ~. nànîòpa káaãe
circle around. ákiãe
circular. táahpa
circulate. ápçe
circus. ówatoì
clan. htâwàla, ínihkaçie
clan subdivision (of Deer Clan). nôpxata
clap (e.g., the hands). nàsâsàwa
clarify. wáðaaska
class. íkØuce, walézeáace
class: what ~ of. táatà
classify. hpahíke
clatter (verb). htáhtaze
claw. çáake
clay. mâìhka
clean (verb). ðuuwásu
clean, cleanly. wasúhu
clean (e.g., the house). ðicíze
clean off. púãa
clean off by wiping. púkxa
clean oneself. hkilúuwasu
clean talk. íe wasúhu
clean up. ðuuwásu
cleanse. ðuuwásu
cleanse or be clean by heat or cold. taasúhu
clear (adjective). ská, skáha, stá, wasúhu
clear: make ~. wáðaaska
clear (as the weather). ðáalì
clear language. íeska
clear sky (as after a storm). hkéðo
clear speaking. íe wasúhu
clear words. íe waská, íeska
clearance (space). ohtânà
cleared off area. oçtá
clearly. skáha, ská, wáðohtà, wasúhu
clearly: speak ~. íe ðáawaska, íeska, wáðaaska
clear-minded. nâàãeska
clicking noise against metal (as made by a typewriter). mâze htáhtaze
clicking sound. htáhtaze
cliffs: dwelling on the ~. hpasú olîì
climb, climb onto (by using the arms). áace
climbing (by wrapping around?). átxà
clock. mîìoðaake
close (verb). kaasîce
close (e.g., one's eyes). ápisà
close (near), closeby. áçka
close by grasping. áðiihtà
close by pulling. áðiità
close by zipping, tying, fastening, or buttoning. oðíinà
close on. ákaasìce
close one's eyes. ðupØîze
close suddenly or by striking. kaasîce
closing of a prayer. kaaçénà
cloth. háa, haaská
clothe oneself with. íwehkilì
clothes. haaská, ohkúlà, wéhkilì
clothes: Osage ~. waëáëe wéhkilì
clothes: put on ~ (one's own). wéhkilì okíhpaahà
clothes: put ~ on oneself. óhkioolâ
clothes: take ~ off (another person or oneself). ðuuçáwa
clothes: wash ~. waðíiçki
clothes: wash ~ for oneself. hkilíiçki
clothing. haaská
clothing: any item of ~. wéhkilì
clothing: put on ~ (not one's own). wéhkilì opáahà
clothing: relieve someone of ~. ðuuçtáke
cloud, cloudy. mâxpu
clown. waðíhohota, wahóhota
clubs (suit in a deck of cards). cØáaëi
coat. ákahamì, mòkápo, wéhkilì
coax someone to say or do something oëíëie
cobbler. hôòpekaaãe
cock: turkey ~. áahu mâðì
cockleburs. waxáka