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EIP-7702 Introduction
EIP-7702 is an Ethereum Improvement Proposal introduced by Vitalik Buterin in 2024. Its goal is to improve the user experience and security related to Account Abstraction, particularly addressing the challenges of transforming Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs).
EIP-7702 proposes a new approach that allows a traditional EOA (e.g., a regular Ethereum wallet address) to temporarily act as a smart contract account within a specific transaction, enabling it to leverage account abstraction functionalities (such as custom verification logic, alternative gas payment methods, batch transactions, etc.).
EIP-7702 introduces:
A new transaction field that specifies the contract code the user wants their address to temporarily execute during the transaction.
- This code is deployed to the address before transaction execution.
- Once the transaction is completed, the code is automatically removed, and the address reverts to a pure EOA state.
| Feature | EIP-4337 | EIP-7702 |
|---|---|---|
| Model | Full simulation on Layer 2 | Modifies L1 native EOA behavior |
| Requires Paymaster / Bundler | Yes | Not necessarily |
| User Sovereignty | Contract account created by factory | User retains their original address |
| Support for Cold Wallets / External Signers | More complex | Simpler |
| Miner-Friendliness | Poor (non-native) | Native transaction support |
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Users can use their existing EOA wallet address to temporarily perform actions like:
- Multi-step transactions (e.g., DEX swap + NFT minting)
- Custom gas payment logic
- ZK proof-based signature replacement
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After the transaction, the address reverts back to a normal EOA without becoming a permanent smart contract account.