From dba60b38f103041efe8aa1da5b18bc0974be233f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Soumyadeep Nag Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 10:18:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] More minor changes to the paper based on Bhaskar 1. paper.md - Mostly grammatical errors were corrected. 2. README.md - reference error was corrected. --- README.md | 2 +- paper.md | 6 +++--- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 6b6a0a2..b8b52f6 100755 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ _Bibtex_ @misc{osti_1829986, title = {Hydrogenerate: Open Source Python Tool To Estimate Hydropower Generation Time-series}, -author = {Mitra, Bhaskar and Gallego-Calderon, Juan F. and Elliott, Shiloh N and Mosier, Thomas M and Bastidas Pacheco, Camilo Jose, Nag, Soumyadeep and USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy}, +author = {Mitra, Bhaskar and Gallego-Calderon, Juan F. and Elliott, Shiloh N and Mosier, Thomas M and Bastidas Pacheco, Camilo Jose, and Nag, Soumyadeep and USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy}, abstractNote = {Hydropower is one of the most mature forms of renewable energy generation. The United States (US) has almost 103 GW of installed, with 80 GW of conventional generation and 23 GW of pumped hydropower [1]. Moreover, the potential for future development on Non-Powered Dams is up to 10 GW. With the US setting its goals to become carbon neutral [2], more renewable energy in the form of hydropower needs to be integrated with the grid. Currently, there are no publicly available tool that can estimate the hydropower potential for existing hydropower dams or other non-powered dams. The HydroGenerate is an open-source python library that has the capability of estimating hydropower generation based on flow rate either provided by the user or received from United States Geological Survey (USGS) water data services. The tool calculates the efficiency as a function of flow based on the turbine type either selected by the user or estimated based on the “head” provided by the user.}, url = {https://www.osti.gov//servlets/purl/1829986}, doi = {10.11578/dc.20211112.1}, diff --git a/paper.md b/paper.md index b5ff0c5..2b363c8 100644 --- a/paper.md +++ b/paper.md @@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Additionally, researchers can leverage HydroGenerate for large and small-scale h Additional research has uncovered automated approaches for identifying sites with hydropower potential by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in combination with summaries of flow data [@Arefiev]. HydroGenerate can be used in combination with tools implementing this or other GIS functionality, to analyze generation and plant characteristics once sites have been identified and expand their usability. For example, HydroGenerate was used to assess hydropower potential across multiple non-powered dams where head data was available or was estimated using remote sensing data [@osti_1968288]. Additionally, HydroGenerate is used on IrrigationViz, a GIS-based software, to assess hydropower potential on agricultural infrastructure, demonstrating its flexibility for supporting other analysis [@irrigationviz]. -# The HydroGenerate Workflow +# The HydroGenerate workflow -After the user has chosen a site for hydropower potential analysis, and collected the data needed (head, flow that can be procured from [@USGS_data] and, site details that are described in [@HG]), they can use HydroGenerate in multiple ways. In the most common scenario, users will site data, input flow and head data to evaluate hydropower potential. However, they can also use the tool to evaluate site requirements for a desired amount of power that can lead them to understand site-development requirements. Flow data can be entered as a single number or a time series such as those available from the USGS. HydroGenerate can work with flow data collected at different temporal frequencies. In addition to flow and head data, there are 30 inputs available to the user e.g., turbine type, maintenance constraints, unit system, penstock length, allowing further customization in a project evaluation [@HG]. Upon execution, HydroGenerate will create an object which contains design parameters, performance estimates, and additional data as its attributes. The workflow of HydroGenerate as displayed in Figure \ref{HG_WF}, can be divided into the following steps: +After the user has chosen a site for hydropower potential analysis, and collected the data needed (head, flow that can be procured from [@USGS_data] and, site details that are described in [@HG]), they can use HydroGenerate in multiple ways. In the most common scenario, users will input site data, such as flow and head data to evaluate hydropower potential. However, they can also use the tool to evaluate site requirements for a desired amount of power that can lead them to understand site-development requirements. Flow data can be entered as a single number or a time series such as those available from the USGS. HydroGenerate can work with flow data collected at different temporal frequencies. In addition to flow and head data, there are 30 inputs available to the user e.g., turbine type, maintenance constraints, unit system, penstock length, allowing further customization in a project evaluation [@HG]. These inputs and following procedures have been detailed in the user guide for [@HG]. Upon execution, HydroGenerate will create an object which contains design parameters, performance estimates, and additional data as its attributes. The workflow of HydroGenerate as displayed in Figure \ref{HG_WF}, can be divided into the following steps: * Step 1 Input data processing: This step involves conversion of inputs to SI units when using US Customary Units. HydroGenerate performs all computations in SI units except for the cost models as these were developed in US Customary Units. @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ After the user has chosen a site for hydropower potential analysis, and collecte * Step 3 Power and energy calculation: HydroGenerate calculates hydropower potential using $$ P = \eta \times \gamma \times Q \times H$$ where, $P$ is the hydropower potential ($watt$), $\eta$ is the overall system efficiency (dimensionless), $\gamma$ is the specific weight of water (9,810 $N/m^3$), $Q$ is the flow ($m^3/s$), and $H$ is the net hydraulic head ($m$). For hydrokinetic applications, the hydropower potential is calculated using $$ P=0.295\ast\rho\ast A_b \ast V^3$$ where, $\rho$ is the density of water, in $Kg/m^3$, $A_b$ is the swept area of blades, in $m^2$, and $V$ is the velocity of water, in $m/s$, 59% Betz limit of energy extraction [@BETZ]. [@NIEBUHR2019109240] provides a review of existing hydrokinetic turbine types. The overall efficiency of the system is calculated as $\eta = e_{turb} \times e_{gen}$, where $e_{turb}$ and $e_{gen}$ are turbine and generator efficiencies. -* Step 4 Economic calculations: HydroGenerate uses empirical equations to calculate the capital and maintenance cost of the plant [@osti_1244193]. The capital cost calculation equations are separated based on type of plant. Revenue is calculated using an average wholesale electricity market price [@EIA_price]. +* Step 4 Economic calculations: HydroGenerate uses empirical equations to calculate the capital and maintenance cost of the plant [@osti_1244193]. The capital cost calculation equations are separated based on type of plant. Revenue is calculated using the user's input price (can be nodal or zonal prices based on user's preference, the average wholesale electricity market price [@EIA_price] is used as default). ![HydroGenerate workflow with sample inputs and outputs \label{HG_WF}](HG_workflow.jpg)