Adding R resources

Author: kevinworthington

_data/navigation.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ main:
   - title: Mailing List
     url: https://lists.colostate.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/coding-support
 
+r_sidebar:
+  - title: "R"
+    url: r
+  - children:
+    - title: "Installing R"
+      url: r/installing/
+    - title: "Fundamentals"
+      url: r/fundamentals/
 
 python_sidebar:
   - title: "Python"

_resources/python/fundamentals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+---
+title: Python Fundamentals
+layout: single
+sidebar:
+  nav: "python_sidebar"
+toc: true
+toc_sticky: true
+---
+
+Python is designed to be **simple, readable, and expressive**. Unlike many programming languages, Python emphasizes clean syntax and uses **indentation instead of braces** to define code blocks.
+
+This guide introduces the fundamental syntax used in Python programs.
+
+---
+
+## Running Python
+
+You can run Python in several ways with the easiest being via the command line with the interactive Interpreter.
+
+### Interactive Interpreter 
+
+#### Windows 
+Open the Command Prompt and type:
+
+```bash
+py
+```
+
+#### MacOS
+Open the Terminal:
+
+```bash
+python
+```
+
+Note: On some systems (especially macOS/Linux), you may need to use:
+
+```python
+python3
+```
+
+Python Syntax
+---
+Practice writing and executing the following syntax in your python file.
+
+Note: to exit the Interactive Interpreter write and execute ```quit```
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments are ignored by Python and help explain your code.
+
+### Single Line Comment
+
+```python
+# This is a comment 
+print("This code will execute!")
+```
+
+### Multi-line Comment (Docstring style)
+
+```python
+"""This is often used for
+documentation strings"""
+```
+
+## Variables
+
+Variables store values. Python automatically determines the variable type.
+
+```python
+name = "Alice"age = 30
+height = 5.6
+```
+
+Variables **do not require explicit type declarations**.
+
+## Basic Data Types
+
+### Strings
+
+```python
+message = "Hello"
+```
+
+### Integers
+
+```python
+count = 10
+```
+
+### Floats
+
+```python
+temperature = 98.6
+```
+
+### Booleans
+
+```python
+is_active = True
+```
+
+## Printing Output
+
+The print() function displays output.
+
+```python
+print("Hello World")
+```
+
+Multiple values (and types) can be printed in the same ```print()``` function, just separate them with commas:
+
+```python
+name = "Alice"
+print("Hello", name)
+```
+
+##  User Input
+
+Python can accept user input using ```input()```.
+
+```python
+name = input("Enter your name: ")
+print("Hello", name)
+```
+
+Note: ```input()``` always returns a **string**.
+
+## Type Conversion
+
+Convert between data types using built-in functions.
+Common conversions:
+
+| Function  | Purpose            |
+| --------- | ------------------ |
+| `int()`   | convert to integer |
+| `float()` | convert to decimal |
+| `str()`   | convert to string  |
+
+```python
+age = input("Enter age: ")
+age = int(age)
+temperature = float("98.6")
+number = str(42)
+```
+
+## Arithmetic Operators
+
+Python supports standard mathematical operations.
+
+```python
+ a = 10
+ b = 3
+ print(a + b)  # addition
+ print(a - b)  # subtraction
+ print(a * b)  # multiplication
+ print(a / b)  # division
+ print(a ** b) # exponent
+ print(a % b)  # remainder
+ ```
+
+## Comparison Operators
+
+Used to compare values.
+
+```python
+x = 10
+y = 5
+print(x > y)
+print(x < y)
+print(x == y)
+print(x != y)
+```
+
+## Conditional Statements
+
+Conditional statements control program flow.
+
+### If Statement
+
+```python
+age = 18
+if age >= 18:    
+    print("You are an adult")
+```
+
+### If / Else
+
+```python
+age = 16
+if age >= 18:
+    print("Adult")
+else:    
+    print("Minor")
+```
+
+### If / Elif / Else
+
+```python
+score = 85
+if score >= 90:    
+    print("A")
+elif score >= 80:    
+    print("B")
+else:    
+    print("C")
+```
+
+## Indentation
+
+Python uses **indentation to define blocks of code**.
+
+```python
+if True:
+    print("This runs")
+```
+
+Incorrect indentation will cause an error:
+
+```python
+if True:
+    print("Error")
+```
+
+Standard practice is **4 spaces per indentation level**.
+
+## Loops
+
+Loops allow code to run multiple times.
+
+### For Loop
+
+Used to iterate over sequences.
+
+```python
+for i in range(5):
+    print(i)
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```python
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+```
+
+### While Loop
+
+Runs until a condition becomes false.
+
+```python
+count = 0
+while count < 5:    
+    print(count)    
+count += 1
+```
+
+## Lists
+
+Lists store multiple values.
+
+```python
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+```
+
+Access elements:
+
+```python
+print(fruits[0])
+```
+
+Add an item:
+
+```python
+fruits.append("grape")
+```
+
+Loop through a list:
+
+```python
+for fruit in fruits:    print(fruit)
+```
+
+## Dictionaries
+
+Dictionaries store **key-value pairs**.
+
+```python
+person = { "name": "Joe","age": 30,"city": "Denver"}
+```
+
+Access values:
+
+```python
+print(person["name"])
+```
+
+Add a new key:
+
+```python
+person["email"] = "joe@example.com"
+```
+
+Functions
+=========
+
+Functions organize reusable code.
+
+```python
+def greet(name):    
+    print("Hello", name)
+```
+
+Call the function:
+
+```python
+ greet("Alice")
+ ```
+
+Functions can return values:
+
+```python
+def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+result = add(3, 4)
+print(result)
+```
+
+## Importing Libraries
+
+Python includes many built-in libraries.
+
+```python
+import mathprint(math.sqrt(16))
+```
+
+Import specific functions:
+
+```python
+from math import sqrt
+```
+
+## Writing Your First Script
+
+Example program:
+
+```python
+name = input("What is your name? ")
+if name:
+    print("Hello", name)
+else:
+    print("Hello stranger")
+```
+
+Save the file as:
+
+```bash
+hello.py
+```
+
+Run it:
+
+```bash
+ python hello.py
+ ```